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Ava DuVernay is the director of the American documentary titled 13th that was produced in the year 2016.
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Ava DuVernay is the director of the American documentary titled 13th that was produced in the year 2016. The documentary explores the intersection between justice, race and mass incarceration in the United States. The documentary derives its name from the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States that was responsible to ending slavery in the US and therefore prohibited slavery, but with the exception of slavery as a punishment for a crime committed.
According to the documentary, slavery has been perpetuated in practices through such actions such as criminalizing behavior and as well as enabling the police to arrest poor freedmen forcing them to work for the state under convict leasing. Another act through which slavery has been perpetuated is through the suppression of the African Americans through the disfranchisement, lynching and Jim Crow. Furthermore the action of the politicians declaring a war on drugs that weigh more heavily on the minority communities as well as the continued mass incarceration of the black people in the late 20th century are also some of the acts that are clearly depicted in the documentary to have slavery perpetuated over the generations in the United States ever since the end of the American Civil war.
At the beginning of the documentary we encounter the sentiments made by President Barrack Obama that the united states are composed of a total population of 5% of the globe’s population, but 25% of the world’s prisoners are found in the United States. The statistics simply paints a picture of the number of inmates that are in the American prison system. Since the end of slavery, the American prison system can only be termed as a shame as it is a continuation of slavery and the systemic denial of freedom to the African American is tied up in the institutions. According to the documentary, the rate of incarnation in the United States might be worse than slavery as there are more African Americans that are entangled in the criminal justice system in present days than those enslaved during the 1850s.
Slavery would have been abolished in the year 1965 by the establishment of the 13th amendment, but this was not possible due to the presence of a single small clause that or but the grandfathered slavery back in for the sake of crime and punishment. The requirement explains that slavery shall no longer exist in the United States borders ‘except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted”. It is due to the presence of that clause that America has not been shying of about the exploitation of the clause to generate maximum profits ever since the enactment of the 13th amendment.
The narrative of the documentary 13th spans for decades starting with Reconstruction when the 13th, 14th, and the 15th amendments were supposed to foster the just transition of the African Americans from slavery to citizenship. Instead of the just and fair transition, the African Americans were hunted and locked up while others were shot for committing petty crimes such as loitering and vagrancy; these were the criminalization of the behaviors if the transient nature of the people of color as they looked for freedom from terror in America’s wilderness.
The period was followed by the era of Jim Crow where any of the African American who was caught trying to enjoy freedom through crossing the lines of segregation were captured and swept into the expanding industries of imprisonment as well as convict leasing. By the 1950s and 1960s the African American Civil rights activists were made or turned into criminals just because of fighting for freedom, and by the 1980s, the United States began the criminalizing en masse black people who turned into drugs namely crack. The war on drugs was strengthened by the presence of politicians such as the Democrat presidential candidate Bill Clinton who joined the war on drugs after losing to them, and this dawned to the people of color that the search and fight for true freedom were futile and that it was difficult to be achieved.
Reference
Ava DuVernay, (2016). 13th Documentary: Retrieved from: https://www.netflix.com/title/80091741
Ava DuVernay is the director of the American documentary titled 13th that was produced in the year 2016. – Copy
Subject
Students Name
Institution of Affiliation
Date
Ava DuVernay is the director of the American documentary titled 13th that was produced in the year 2016. The documentary explores the intersection between justice, race and mass incarceration in the United States. The documentary derives its name from the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States that was responsible to ending slavery in the US and therefore prohibited slavery, but with the exception of slavery as a punishment for a crime committed.
According to the documentary, slavery has been perpetuated in practices through such actions such as criminalizing behavior and as well as enabling the police to arrest poor freedmen forcing them to work for the state under convict leasing. Another act through which slavery has been perpetuated is through the suppression of the African Americans through the disfranchisement, lynching and Jim Crow. Furthermore the action of the politicians declaring a war on drugs that weigh more heavily on the minority communities as well as the continued mass incarceration of the black people in the late 20th century are also some of the acts that are clearly depicted in the documentary to have slavery perpetuated over the generations in the United States ever since the end of the American Civil war.
At the beginning of the documentary we encounter the sentiments made by President Barrack Obama that the united states are composed of a total population of 5% of the globe’s population, but 25% of the world’s prisoners are found in the United States. The statistics simply paints a picture of the number of inmates that are in the American prison system. Since the end of slavery, the American prison system can only be termed as a shame as it is a continuation of slavery and the systemic denial of freedom to the African American is tied up in the institutions. According to the documentary, the rate of incarnation in the United States might be worse than slavery as there are more African Americans that are entangled in the criminal justice system in present days than those enslaved during the 1850s.
Slavery would have been abolished in the year 1965 by the establishment of the 13th amendment, but this was not possible due to the presence of a single small clause that or but the grandfathered slavery back in for the sake of crime and punishment. The requirement explains that slavery shall no longer exist in the United States borders ‘except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted”. It is due to the presence of that clause that America has not been shying of about the exploitation of the clause to generate maximum profits ever since the enactment of the 13th amendment.
The narrative of the documentary 13th spans for decades starting with Reconstruction when the 13th, 14th, and the 15th amendments were supposed to foster the just transition of the African Americans from slavery to citizenship. Instead of the just and fair transition, the African Americans were hunted and locked up while others were shot for committing petty crimes such as loitering and vagrancy; these were the criminalization of the behaviors if the transient nature of the people of color as they looked for freedom from terror in America’s wilderness.
The period was followed by the era of Jim Crow where any of the African American who was caught trying to enjoy freedom through crossing the lines of segregation were captured and swept into the expanding industries of imprisonment as well as convict leasing. By the 1950s and 1960s the African American Civil rights activists were made or turned into criminals just because of fighting for freedom, and by the 1980s, the United States began the criminalizing en masse black people who turned into drugs namely crack. The war on drugs was strengthened by the presence of politicians such as the Democrat presidential candidate Bill Clinton who joined the war on drugs after losing to them, and this dawned to the people of color that the search and fight for true freedom were futile and that it was difficult to be achieved.
Reference
Ava DuVernay, (2016). 13th Documentary: Retrieved from: https://www.netflix.com/title/80091741
A Comparison and Contrast Essay School Uniforms versus No School Uniforms
A Comparison and Contrast Essay: School Uniforms versus No School Uniforms
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A Comparison and Contrast Essay: School Uniforms versus No School Uniforms
Some debate has taken place over recent decades concerning whether public
schools should incorporate uniforms into their dress code. Many elementary schools do
this now, especially in poor inner city districts. Sometimes the adoption of a dress code is
seen in middle schools as well. However, the adoption of a dress code at the high school
level is much rarer. Possibly for that reason, little empirical evidence is available on the
benefits of implementing a uniform in schools (Adams, 2006). When considering
whether to adopt a school uniform, several factors need to be taken into consideration.
First, if debating whether to require uniforms in a high school, consider if wearing
uniforms will be a new concept for that student body. If these students have had to wear
uniforms in elementary and middle school, then requiring first year high school students
to continue doing so will not be as controversial as it might if the requirement was
completely novel to the students. From there, students would continue to wear school
uniforms each year until they graduated (Walmsley, 2011). In contrast, if high school
students have not been required to wear uniforms during the earlier years in school, they
may strongly protest. The easiest way to begin a program requiring school uniforms is to
start in elementary school and let the students continue each year from there.
A second point to consider in comparing or contrasting the use of school uniforms
is cost. Often, the thought of dress codes evoke visions of school jackets with
emblazoned insignia, button-down Oxford shirts, ties, slacks, and skirts. Parents become
concerned about cost. However, a school uniform can simply mean uniformity of dress.
For boys, this can mean dark or kaki colored slacks and polo-styled shirts in basic colors
of navy blue and white. For girls, it might also mean polo-styled shirts and slacks or
skirts in designated colors. These items can be found in various department stores at
various prices (Alleyne, LaPoint, Lee, & Mitchell, 2003; Walmsley, 2011). In contrast,
what one thinks of as regular school clothing can be as expensive or as inexpensive as a
uniformed style of clothing; any article of clothing can be bought in different levels of
quality, at different prices, in different stores.
Some who are proponents of having a school uniform or uniformed style of dress
note that school administrators spend considerable energy on discipline each day focused
on student violation of dress code (Walmsley, 2011). Requiring boys to wear properly
fitted slacks, polo-styled shirts, belts, and standard shoes would address the wearing of
inappropriate printed t-shirts and poorly fitted pants, for example. Having girls to wear
slacks or skirts, standard shoes, and polo-styled shirts would address most concerns about
clothing that reveals too much. Length of skirts could continue being an issue, though.
Another point to compare or contrast in utilizing a school uniform has to do with
school safety. Some argue that tress-passers on school property can be more easily
identified if students are wearing clothing that is uniform in style and color (Alleyne et
al., 2003). This may be a valid point. Schools have had intruders to come onto campuses.
This is a complex issue, but utilization of a school uniform might help.
Of course, students and parents are sometimes concerned with issues of
individuality and self-expression. However, most people conform to expected standards
for work, attending court, church, and a number of other activities. Self-expression is not
more limited in school than elsewhere. In all, more research needs to be conducted to
determine if having a school dress code has possible benefits for a school.
5
References
Adams, A. T. 2006.
Uniforms in public schools: A decade of research and debate.
Contemporary Sociology
,
35(6), 634-6.
Alleyne, S. I., LaPoint, V., Lee, J., & Mitchell, H. W. 2003,