Recent orders
A cite and release service is a directive issued by law enforcement to issue quotations
Introduction
A cite and release service is a directive issued by law enforcement to issue quotations, tickets, and notices for certain minor offenses rather than arrests. The use of quotes and releases is permissible but not required under current state law. Instead of being arrested and sent to jail, a criminal who receives a ticket is summoned to come to a particular venue at a specific time to pay the fine (s). The officer can also provide a warning to encourage the person to leave without including a quote. A decade ago, a Texas state bill provided police officers with an alternative method of dealing with low-level drug offenders. Rather than arresting and detaining the defendant, the law allows an officer to issue a summons to the accused individual.
Although this can seem to be a variety, there is a catch. Of course, you didn’t drive into the jail in cuffs and resisted taking a photograph that would be widely circulated online. However, marijuana possession is also a criminal offense. You will be required to appear in court. And you will also face harsh penalties.
The significance of quotation and release in Texas
Instead of getting an on-site jail, the Cite & Release service collaborates with Bexar County Law Enforcement Authorities to provide summonses for specific offenses. After a warrant is issued, the claim is evaluated by the Bexar County District Attorney’s Office, and the charge is either entered into a diversion program, denied (meaning that the matter is not pursued), or appealed to the prosecutor. Cite and release are essential for nonviolent, low-level prisoners to receive sufficient penalties while keeping their job and accommodation. Cite & release would also relieve strain on our local court and jail systems.
The San Antonio Police Department in partnership with Bexar County Sheriff’s Office and other local law enforcement agencies was on the frontline in making this rule. Joe Gonzales upgraded and expanded Bexar County’s citation and release program. Nonviolent minor charges such as pot possession, misdemeanor burglary, driving on an expired registration, and criminal misdemeanor can both result in a summons from the police.
Many of those cited will benefit from not being convicted and completing related services rather than being convicted and conducting related services (that may require posting a bail to be released). Officers who write a quote will arrive at the station less than officers who make an arrest. Citing and releasing also saves Bexar County residents money on the costs of booking a prisoner in jail.
Marijuana is illegal in Texas, and you are subject to the same penalties and fees. The main exception is that you are not punished for having small amounts of marijuana. If you are stopped, you can still be accused of having an outstanding warrant or of possessing marijuana that violates the conditions of a previous court order, such as probation or parole.
Another thing that can be remembered is that anytime someone is summoned, they do not get a speed ticket. It’s not a crime, but the person receiving the summons must appear in court to proceed with the usual legal process.
The only difference is that because it is a minor felony offense, no accusation can be taken from the beginning. This helps Dallas County to unload capacity in an already overloaded jail system. But do not make a mistake (Sifaneck 67-69): if the suspect does not appear before the court as summoned, the warrant is almost inevitably released, and the accused is arrested. The inmate could still pay a Dallas Bail Bond and be freed while awaiting trial.
The Class B felony in Texas is less than 2 ounces of marijuana, punishable by a jail term of not less than one hundred and eighty days and a fine of up to $2,000 if convicted. If you have between 2 and 4 ounces, it is a felony of Class A punishable by a jail term of not less than one year and a fine of 4000 dollars. If you are a suspect for the first time, Dallas County encourages you to participate in a diversionary program. That means that you are given probation and must serve the community, attend rehabilitation sessions and commit to drug tests. If all these procedures are completed in a timely way, the costs will be rejected.
A typical encounter between the police and a drug criminal would lead to the apprehension of the suspect and the testing of marijuana in the field. If the marijuana is found in the screening, the suspect will be brought to justice, booked, with the drugs in the evidence room (Sifaneck 67-69). This procedure is changed only slightly by the quote and release scheme, but both the defendants and the police are assisted. Marijuana is measured and weighed on the ground after the suspect has been apprehended. If the total weight is less than four ounces, the suspect’s name is confirmed, and the thumbprint is taken. They are then summoned and granted a court date but not sent to jail.
Because serious inmates are released by order, quotes and releases are crucial. Many of the offenses on which the new order is to be released are far more egregious than the law means. E.g., possession of marijuana over four ounces is equal to 200 joints (Caulkins, et al. 12-34). Theft and deliberate malice for less than $750 would harm victims who are primarily low-income and unable to achieve their goals. People driving with expired licenses frequently do so when they are uninsured, and release can be a greater danger, if not a direct challenge, for law-abiding citizens.
The media and the Government’s agenda-driven actors misled minor offenders, such as those who committed the crimes listed in the proposed Ordinance, to believe that they spent significant time in jail. On this basis, the fabrication and flagrant falsehood must be admitted.
Although I can’t speak about any jurisdiction, I can say that a small number of Hays County prisoners are minor offenders eligible for field releases. I keep a constant track of the number of people in jail. Few offenders are sentenced for rarely more than 24 hours for such crimes (unless they have other offenses, holds, or previous fails to appear in Court). Proposals to prolong jail parole because they will significantly reduce the prison population are either intentionally disappointing or founded on a misunderstanding of the actual situation. Loud and straightforward, I’ll call it (Neill Harris 55). The extension of the quotation and release scheme will not affect the cost or population of incarceration. Citation and dismissal services, on the other hand, have historically led to a high number of inmates not appearing in Court. The cite-and-release policy of Travis County has failed to occur an average of 40% over three years, while convicted criminals (a much lower number) have only missed court appearances 15% of the time. If violators fail to appear according to the calls, an arrest warrant must be released. The inmate is arrested later, maybe in another jurisdiction, and taken to a judge to decide the bail — now they have failed to testify in Court — resulting in more meaningful bonds than they initially had, making it harder to get a say. If our experience is close to Travis County, we can expect that 40% of those cited will spend more time in jail than if they were found guilty.
If the Council means that the police do not trust the police to exercise their authority correctly and, as the Ordinance does, if they deviate from the default quota position, it will be the option for certain officers, merely in enforcing the letter, to avoid implying that they misuse their discretion.
As a consequence, all the advisories we see now are updated to quotes that contain an appearance. When an official is probably guilty of making improper distinctions between who to arrest and who to quote and who to advise, the only way to avoid investigation is under the Ordinance (Caulkins, et al. 12-34). As a result, many young offenders who may have obtained a letter are still cited, compelled to register, or even imprisoned. The prospect of overturning an arrest decision due to the statute is not negligible. I lost count of the number of occasions in my 25 years as a prosecutor; a significant felony charge was found due to a minor arrest.
The proof is also discovered during lawful searches following an arrest or during the booking process. False identification on the spot is always only identified after the arrest, and fingerprints taken after the booking can only be verified. Officers arresting themselves legally can be indicted for breaking a city code. Evidence as a result of a civil violation in Texas cannot be admitted to the Court even whether the officer is convicted or not. If the motives of the police are in accordance or not with the guidelines of the Ordinance, an officer who charges and then discovers evidence of a severe offense will undoubtedly be accused of a breach of the statute. Serial prisoners will use the order to hide proof of their transgressions, leading in most cases to unnecessary prosecutions and the prospect of a severe felon avoiding punishment.
Work cited
Neill Harris, Katharine. “Analyzing the Marijuana Reform Movement in Texas as a Participant and an Observer: A Case Study Approach.” 2019.
Caulkins, Jonathan P., et al. “What Happens When Marijuana Laws Clash?” Marijuana Legalization, 2016.
Sifaneck, Stephen J., et al. “Retail marijuana purchases in designer and commercial markets in New York City: Sales units, weights, and prices per gram.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 90 (2007): S40-S51.
A Christmas Carol
Corinna Rodriguez
Dr. Ledbetter
ENG 3301
25 October 2018
A Christmas Carol
Charles Dickens is the author of the novel ‘A Christmas Carol’ and he takes Marxist’s perspective throughout the story. Dickens adopts the Marxist perspective in the sense that he identifies a ladder of achievement that begins with social improvement and ends with social order. For a social ladder to occur, the story portrays an audience that public life matters much more than private life. The story ‘A Christmas Carol’ takes place during the nineteenth century, and this was the primary reason why people judged others over their dressing or even how they acted in public.
In the beginning of the story, the author introduces Ebenezer Scrooge as an older man who is grumpy, selfish, and cold-hearted as he criticizes everyone that he tend to encounter. To paint the image of Scrooge, the author introduces two gentlemen to Scrooge and asked if he was generous enough to donate money to the poor. However, in regards to asking Scrooge for money, it shows the audience that it is a way to be able to provide food and drinks. They ask, “What shall I put you down for?” “Nothing!” Scrooge answers. “You wish to be anonymous?” “I wish to be left alone,” said Scrooge. (Dickens 31). Scrooge’s ignorance and critic to the two gentlemen implies that he doesn’t believe in helping people or in the sense of happiness and therefore this is another reason that compelled Dickens to write the novel showing the audience that the rich people are ignorant and selfish and that they think they are bigger and better than the people around them.
As a matter of fact, during Stave One, there is a time where Scrooge encounters his partner who has been dead for the past seven years. However, the quote “The same face, the very same. Marley, in his pigtail, usual waistcoat, tights and boots; the tassels on the latter bristling like his pigtail, and his coat-skirts, and the hair upon his head.” (Dickens 38), describes the way Jacob Marley looked like now that he is a ghost. Therefore, even when Scrooge saw Marley as a ghost, he began to question himself if he was hallucinating due to the fact that Marley could make a conversation happen. On the other hand, Scrooge realizes that Marley could sit perfectly motionless in a chair.
Also, of all this happening Scrooge begins to question Marley about his chains compelling Marley to break down the process in a more comfortable and better way. He does it for Scrooge to understand the fact that Marley has the chains attached to him is because during the time that he was alive all he did was hard work labor for Scrooge instead of being able to live his life as an individual. Marley informed Scrooge that he had been receiving visits from three ghosts due to the fact that it was based on the many different things that Scrooge had done during his lifetime. However, even when Marley seemed to inform Scrooge, he believed that it was all a dream at one point due to the fact that he thought it was his mind playing tricks on him. Therefore, even with the mindset that he had of him believing that his mind was casually playing trick on him was just some sort sense of denial due to the fact that it shows the audience that Scrooge is the type of character who wants to be casually right all the time even when they know that they are wrong.
However, towards the first few pages of Stave Two, it shows the audience that Scrooge had just received his first visit from The Ghost of Christmas Past and therefore, once The Ghost of Christmas past assisted Scrooge to relieve his memories from when he was a little boy, it made him all feel ecstatic. The reason behind is that he began to recognize everything from childhood. Coming from the audience’s point of view it depicts that there is this nostalgic feeling that Scrooge is having since it shows that he was once a happy child. Besides to this being a nostalgic feeling for him, there is a part where Dickens mentions that there is a little girl back in his past. For example, the quote “You are quite a woman, little Fan!” exclaimed the boy. She clapped her hands and laughed, and tried to touch his head; but, being too little, laughed again, and stood on tiptoe to embrace him.” (Dickens 56). The phrase shows the audience that there is such a strong connection with this little girl due to the fact that Scrooge and Fan seemed to share such a strong bond since they are brother and sister. As a matter of fact, for the way it was described it seems to the audience that when his sister passed away, it took such a big toll on Scrooge due to the fact, that they had such a strong bond, unlike any other siblings.
On the other hand, coming from the perspective of the reader it seems that the more it covers over the topic of his sister’s death, the more the audience gets to realize that this is where Scrooge begins being mean and rude to every person he gets to encounter. Coming from the reader’s perspective, it is entirely understandable the way Scrooge has been acting from his sister’s death due to the fact, that every person must go through the five stages of grief in their way. Also, of accepting the five stages of grief, it shows the audience that Scrooge might have been just stuck on the topic of grief for such a long time, which perhaps made him go through so much pain since he had nobody to share his grief.
Towards the end of Stave Two, that is where a beautiful woman is being introduced that goes by the name of Belle. Besides to her introduction, it is mentioned that Scrooge was deeply and madly in love with her when he was a young man. However, there came a time where they were both engaged to each other, but at the end, Belle decided to break off the engagement due to the fact that Belle started to realize that time had come where Scrooge was being consumed with greed and lust. Therefore, when he encounters her once again but this time via the Ghost of Christmas Past, he starts to realize that he completely lost the one true love he possessed to her due to the fact, he kept putting his need for money way ahead of everything else. If he did not believe that money was more important than her, then he would have still have Belle at some point in his life due to the fact, before money came into the picture, they were both two poor people.
In addition to Belle breaking the engagement off due to the few reasons she decided to marry someone else who had his life set out and who believed that they were right for her. For example the quote, “Belle,” said her husband, turning to his wife with a smile, “I saw an old friend of yours this afternoon.” “Who was it?” “Guess!” “How can I? Tut, don’t I know?” she added in the same breath, laughing as he laughed. “Mr. Scrooge.” “Mr. Scrooge it was. I passed his office window, and as it was not shut up, and he had a candle inside.” (Dickens 66 – 67) illustrates the fact that Belle’s new husband had a time where he saw Scrooge which he tells Belle that Scrooge seems like he is a miserable man because Scrooge had lost his long-term business partner. Even when the ghost of Christmas past is showing him this piece that happened between Belle and her husband, it shows the audience that Scrooge was showing all sorts of emotions, for example, he was showing anger and hurt due to the fact, that was his first love whom he had lost over the fact, that he decided that lust and greed were much more important than her.
However in the third stave, once Scrooge wakes up from his slumber due to the fact, that the church clock had startled him since he is already started to prepare himself for the second ghost’s arrival. Therefore, once the ghost of Christmas present has arrived, he has Scrooge touch his giant green robe due to the fact that it looked so elegant because of the white fur that boarded along the garment. As a matter of fact, when the Ghost of Christmas Present shows up, he seems to be sitting down on a throne of gourmet food. Besides to the Ghost of Christmas Present, he decides to show Scrooge all these amazing things he is missing out on due to the fact, that he is this bitter and uptight person who does not know how to enjoy celebrating a holiday or even how to accept any happiness. As this is taken in the present time, the ghost seems to first take Scrooge to Bob Cratchit home where it shows that the family is doing the best they can to be able to put food and treats on the table.
However, it is also showing the audience that Bob’s oldest son is wearing a hand me down from his father; therefore, it also shows that the only daughter is returning from her job that way she can spend time with her family. The ghost of Christmas Present also shows that Bob is carrying his youngest who goes by the name of Tiny Tim. However, the ghost seems to tell Scrooge that the same time next year there will be an empty chair at Bob Cratchit’s Christmas dinner. The only reason he seems to inform Scrooge is that Scrooge seems to know what the pain of losing someone feels like and Scrooge does not want anybody to go through the same thing he went through. On the other hand, the only reasons Scrooge is being haunted is because each ghost wants Scrooge to be able to have a change of perspective since they want him to be able to open his eyes in regards of being able to do good for others occasionally.
However, once he has met with the ghost of Christmas yet to come, he gives off such a mystery and gloomy sense due to the fact that he knows what he is going to show Scrooge if he does not change for the better. Therefore, when Scrooge has met with the last ghost, he comes to terms that he has to change for the better due to the fact that he does not want to be left alone as he saw in the vision that the ghost shows him. As a matter of fact, Scrooge finds this last ghost much more terrifying than the past two since the ghost of Christmas yet to come has this vague horror because of the things he has shown people, and that is everything that will happen if they do not get their act together. The only reason Scrooge might find the ghost a bit more fearsome is that of the way he is dressed since he is mainly dressed in a black hooded cloak. However, even when he shows Scrooge an ominous view of his lonely death, it makes Scrooge want to be able to change for the better due to the fact, that he experienced what he does not wish to. For most people nowadays, they need something drastic to happen to them or in their lives for them to be able to have a change of thought or a change of appearance.
Works Cited
Dickens, Charles. Christmas carol. Alma Books, 2018.
leader_and_manager
Leader and Manager
Name
Institution
Course
Date
Management and leadership are often confused to mean the same thing, but they are not the same. Leadership often involves setting new directions or a vision for people to follow. On the other hand, management is more about controlling or directing people and resources in line with already established values or principles (Copeland, 1997).
Managers are known to be formal and rational while leaders take on a passionate and emotional approach. An effective manager follows the organization’s vision. On the other hand, effective leaders are known to have the ability to forge the vision for the organization. Leaders are vision-oriented as they think about the future but managers are process oriented as they think about how the organization will run effectively. An effective leader knows how to protect their staff and motivate them to achieve organization goals, but managers are known to protect themselves (Nibley, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies., & Brigham Young University, 1988).
In approaching decisions, an effective leader will do so actively; a leader is a decision maker who should not be hesitant to make a decision in any respect. However, effective managers give a cautious approach to decisions. They are dependent on their supervisors and other parties in making decisions. Effective managers listen selectively; their decision making involves selected staff or employees. In contrast, an effective leader will listen to all staff members and take their opinions very seriously. Another important trait of effective leaders is that they deal with conflicts, unlike managers who always avoid involvement in a conflict.
Both effective leaders and managers must be able to influence others, work with other people, and be effective in managing goals. Moreover, the two groups of individuals should possess traits of honesty, forward-thinking, and competency. An effective leader should demonstrate good management skills so that they are able to operationalize their visions. Leadership skills help managers in motivating their teams (Copeland, 1997).
It is possible that one is an effective manager without necessarily being a good leader. For example, a manager who is able to achieve all their set goals without involving their employees excels in management but is poor in leadership in that they do not recognize the input of their employees or staff. On the other hand, one can be a good leader but poor in management. For example, a leader can have a very good vision good vision for their organization, but this does not necessarily imply that they possess the necessary management skills to bring the vision into an operational state.
In terms of differences in management styles between male and female managers, various styles differentiate them. Women tend to use emphatically, relational and socially intuitive management styles. On the other hand, men managers tend to adopt an assertive, and aggressive. The fact that male and female managers adopt different management styles means that organization objectives are met in different ways. Female managers are more close to the employees and are able to identify more with them than the male counterparts (Burke, & Collins, 2001).
Both male and female managers are known to adopt participative styles of management, the use of personal authority to in management, and setting objectives formally. Participative management means that employees will be involved in decision making, but the level of involvement is higher in females than males, which makes the females managers more likeable. The other impact of the similarities in management styles is that when an order is given, it cannot be questioned. In addition, these management styles make it easy to motivate employees and make them work hard to achieve the objectives of the organization.
References
Burke, S., & Collins, K. M. (2001). Gender differences in various leadership styles and management skills. Women in Management Review, 16(5), 244-257.
Copeland, K. I. (January 01, 1997). Leadership versus management. Canadian Emergency News.
Nibley, H., Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies., & Brigham Young University. (1988). Leadership versus management. Provo, Utab: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (F.A.R.M.S.) in association with Brigham Young University.