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Individual Reflection on Understanding of Change Management
Individual Reflection on Understanding of Change Management
Australia has gone through high levels of change due to a variety of issues and factors. Consequently, businesses have had to go through transformations and shifts in the way they operate and in compliance with new social and legal changes in policy. Change management on organizations has been a critical component of progress, requiring firms to adapt and adopt new ways of thinking or risk failure (Mento, Jones, & Dirndorfer, 2002). In this presentation, I reflect on how the last 6 months has been in terms of learning and adapting to new changes and management of change. I offer three things I have learnt that have led to an improvement of understanding of change management and 2 ways I think this new perspective has made me more capable of dealing with change.
The first major element I have learnt in relation to change is that management of change is a systematic approach that deals with transformations and transition of the goals, technologies, and process of an organization. Allen, Cruz, & Warburton (2017) terms change management as a systematic approach. By understanding that change management is a systematic approach, I realized that its purpose is to craft strategies to effect change, control it, and help stakeholders adapt to it. By seeing change as a systematic approach, strategies can be devised including structured procedures and mechanisms for response to different change requirements.
The second element I learnt that has led to a better understanding of change management is knowing how to determine successful implementation and measure its effects. To be more effective, Kang et al. (2020) uses Kotter’s change perspective to announce the management of change and all processes including a consideration of how a replacement or adjustment impacts stakeholders such as employees, the systems, and processes within an organization. As a result, every change management process is required to have a way to measure success as well as the effect on vital organizational organs such as the customers and the employees. The overall aim is to improve processes and systems through better strategies, and therefore, a way to measure effects and successful ventures is necessary in change management.
The final and most important element in change management is a process of communication. Rajan and Ganesan (2017) emphasizes that Kotter’s change management model is only effective where communication is possible. Communicating change is a critical element in the scheduling and implementation of all related strategies. Communication is a process that enables documentation of change and also facilitates evaluation avenues and all other related elements of change management. For example, without communication, a change management process is largely affected, including a probability to create resistance from employees and other negative outcomes.
The first way I think the new understanding has made me more capable in dealing with change is first knowing how to define change and understanding why it is needed. By knowing that all types of changes are systematic and that there is a need to measure success and effectiveness, I now understand that change is inevitable and it must be embraced as a strategy to improve the firm. Identifying a need for change and crafting ways to deal with it is also mentioned by Tamunomiebi and Akpan (2021) as an important element in mitigating resistance from employees and ensuring support from other stakeholders.
The second way that I think the new understanding has made me more capable in dealing with change is knowing how and why to communicate change. I have come to an understanding that without communication, planning and testing change cannot be achieved. Communication also facilitates documentation that helps in maintaining audits and ensures compliance to the original internal and external controls that define why change was required in the organization in the first place.
In summary, I have come to understand that change management exists in so many angles. It is one of the most important yet complex ways of improving the position of a firm. It highlights why a transformation is required and provides ways to adapt to the said changes. My understanding of change management now incorporates critical elements that have improved my perspective on change and its management.
References
Allen, W., Cruz, J., & Warburton, B. (2017). How decision support systems can benefit from a theory of change approach. Environmental management, 59(6), 956-965.
Kang, S. P., Chen, Y., Svihla, V., Gallup, A., Ferris, K., & Datye, A. K. (2020). Guiding change in higher education: an emergent, iterative application of Kotter’s change model. Studies in Higher Education, 1-20.
Mento, A., Jones, R., & Dirndorfer, W. (2002). A change management process: Grounded in both theory and practice. Journal of Change Management, 3(1), 45-59.
Rajan, R., & Ganesan, R. (2017). A critical analysis of John P. Kotter’s change management framework. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 7(7), 181-203.
Tamunomiebi, M., & Akpan, E. (2021). Organizational Change and the Imperatives of Managing Employee Resistance: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Strategic Management, 6(1), 18-32.
Individual Reflection on Classes 3 and 4
Individual Reflection on Classes 3 and 4
Class 3
Market Research Provides Information Useful in Business Decision-making
Throughout the market research process, data is obtained, collated, and examined. This information is often linked to market characteristics. Tracking studies, mystery shopping, consumer satisfaction surveys, feasibility studies, and advertising assessments are some of the approaches used by market researchers. Businesses may find market research beneficial in determining what new goods or services the market will need and how to supply those products or services. It is possible to identify important problems that must be solved when manufacturing a certain product or service, which may assist firms in avoiding expensive blunders. Furthermore, it assists a firm in determining which features customers value the most and how management can best incorporate these values into the items they desire to make accessible on the market.
Market Environment Scanning is a Critical Element of Global Business
Environmental scanning is the practice of examining external sources and aspects that have an impact on a company’s internal operations. The purpose of this activity is to identify potential sources to consult with or consider when making decisions about a company’s operations. It is used by individuals involved in the decision-making process, such as the organization’s leaders and executives, to get a knowledge of challenges that may have an impact on the enterprise as a whole. The actions of a firm’s competitors, changes in the political atmosphere, changes to current rules, and other features of the environment in which the company operates are all examples of variables that might affect the organization’s degree of success.
Class 4
Trade Barriers and their Consequences to Market Entry Strategies
Countries will often create trade barriers in order to restrict free trade between their respective economies. Therefore, attempts to change markets that happen to operate on a global scale are at the heart of trade obstacles. Examples of trade barriers include tariffs (taxes) on imports (and sometimes exports), as well as non-tariff trade hurdles such as import quotas, local industry subsidies, trade embargoes with particular countries (usually for geopolitical reasons), and licenses to bring items into the economy. Import quotas, domestic industry subsidies, and trade restrictions with certain countries are all examples of non-tariff trade impediments. These trade barriers are a way for governments to protect their domestic markets, a situation that may be of negative outcome when choosing to enter a given market.
Politically Stable and Developed Nations Make the Most Favorable Markets
Since 2010, there have been many changes in the level of political stability in emerging market economies. These changes have had big effects on both business and economic growth. Because of ongoing and getting worse political unrest, investors and consumers have lost faith in economies like Venezuela, Ukraine, Egypt and Russia. On the other hand, countries like India, Indonesia, China, and Chile have seen more money come into their economies because both their political and business environments have gotten better. in the stronger and more developed economies such as Australia, the United States, Germany, and Japan, political stability conditions have ensured predictability in governance and policies.
FLORIDA RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
FLORIDA RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
RULE 3.125. NOTICE TO APPEAR
Definition. Unless indicated otherwise, notice to appear means a written order issued by a law enforcement officer in lieu of physical arrest requiring a person accused of violating the law to appear in a designated court or governmental office at a specified date and time. (b) By Arresting Officer. If a person is arrested for an offense declared to be a misdemeanor of the first or second degree or a violation, or is arrested for violation of a municipal or county ordinance triable in the July 28, 2021 Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 39 The Florida Bar county, and demand to be taken before a judge is not made, notice to appear may be issued by the arresting officer unless: (1) the accused fails or refuses to sufficiently identify himself or herself or supply the required information; (2) the accused refuses to sign the notice to appear; (3) the officer has reason to believe that the continued liberty of the accused constitutes an unreasonable risk of bodily injury to the accused or others; (4) the accused has no ties with the jurisdiction reasonably sufficient to assure the accused’s appearance or there is substantial risk that the accused will refuse to respond to the notice; (5) the officer has any suspicion that the accused may be wanted in any jurisdiction; or (6) it appears that the accused previously has failed to respond to a notice or a summons or has violated the conditions of any pretrial release program. (c) By Booking Officer.
RULE 3.130. FIRST APPEARANCE
(a) Prompt First Appearance. Except when previously released in a lawful manner, every arrested person shall be taken before a judge, either in person or by electronic audiovisual device in the discretion of the court, within 24 hours of arrest. The chief judge of the circuit for each county within the circuit shall designate 1 or more judges from the circuit court, or county court, to be available for the first appearance and proceedings. The state attorney or an assistant state attorney and public defender or an assistant public defender shall attend the first appearance proceeding either in person or by other electronic means. First appearance hearings shall be held with adequate notice to the public defender and state attorney. An official record of the proceedings shall be maintained.
(b) Advice to Defendant. (1) Notice of Charges and Rights. At the defendant’s first appearance the judge shall immediately inform the defendant of the charge, including an alleged violation of probation or community control and provide the defendant with a copy of the complaint. The judge shall also adequately advise the defendant that: (A) the defendant is not required to say anything, and that anything the defendant says may be used against him or her; (B) if unrepresented, that the defendant has a right to counsel, and, if financially unable to afford counsel, that counsel will be appointed; and (C) the defendant has a right to communicate with counsel, family, or friends, and if necessary, will be provided reasonable means to do so.
Counsel for Defendant. (1) Appointed Counsel. If practicable, the judge should determine prior to the first appearance whether the defendant is financially able to afford counsel and whether the defendant desires representation. When the judge determines that the defendant is entitled to court-appointed July 28, 2021 Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 49 The Florida Bar counsel and desires counsel, the judge shall immediately appoint counsel.
RULE 3.131. PRETRIAL RELEASE
Right to Pretrial Release. Unless charged with a capital offense or an offense punishable by life imprisonment and the proof of guilt is evident or the presumption is great, every person charged with a crime or violation of municipal or county ordinance shall be entitled to pretrial release on reasonable conditions. As a condition of pretrial release, whether such release is by surety bail bond or recognizance bond or in some other form, the defendant shall refrain from any contact of any type with the victim. Upon motion by the defendant when bail is set, or upon later motion properly noticed pursuant to law, the court may modify the condition precluding victim contact if good cause is shown and the interests of justice so require. The victim shall be permitted to be heard at any proceeding in which such modification is considered, and the state attorney shall notify the victim.
(b) Hearing at First Appearance—Conditions of Release. (1) Unless the state has filed a motion for pretrial detention pursuant to rule 3.132, the court shall conduct a hearing to determine pretrial release. For the purpose of this rule, bail is defined as any of the forms of release stated below. Except as otherwise provided by this rule, there is a presumption in favor of release on nonmonetary conditions for any person who is granted pretrial release. The judicial officer shall impose the first of the following conditions of release that will reasonably protect the community from risk of physical harm to persons, assure the presence of the accused at trial, or assure the integrity of the judicial process; or, if no single condition gives that assurance, shall impose any combination of the following conditions: (A) personal recognizance of the defendant; (B) execution of an unsecured appearance bond in an amount specified by the judge; (C) placement of restrictions on the travel, association, or place of abode of the defendant during the period of release; (D) placement of the defendant in the custody of a designated person or organization agreeing to supervise the defendant; (E) execution of a bail bond with sufficient solvent sureties, or the deposit of cash in lieu thereof; provided, however, that any criminal defendant who is required to meet monetary bail or bail with any monetary component may satisfy the bail by providing an appearance bond; or (F) any other condition deemed reasonably necessary to assure appearance as required, including a condition requiring that the person return to custody after specified hours. (2) The judge shall at the defendant’s first appearance consider all available relevant factors to determine what form of release is necessary to assure the defendant’s appearance. If a monetary bail is required, the judge shall determine the amount. Any judge setting or granting monetary bond shall set a separate and specific bail amount for each charge or offense. When bail is posted each charge or offense requires a separate bond. (3) In determining whether to release a defendant on bail or other conditions, and what that bail or those conditions may be, the court may consider the nature and circumstances of the offense charged and the penalty provided by law; the weight of the evidence against the defendant; the defendant’s family ties, length of residence in the community, employment history, financial resources, need for substance abuse evaluation and/or treatment, and mental condition; the defendant’s past and present conduct, including any record of convictions, previous flight to avoid prosecution, or failure to appear at court proceedings; the nature and probability of danger that the defendant’s release poses to the community; the source of funds used to post bail; whether the defendant is already on release pending resolution of another criminal proceeding or is on probation, community control, parole, or other release pending completion of sentence; and any other facts the court considers relevant.
RULE 3.133. PRETRIAL PROBABLE CAUSE DETERMINATIONS AND ADVERSARY PRELIMINARY HEARINGS
Adversary Preliminary Hearing. (1) When Applicable. A defendant who is not charged in an information or indictment within 21 days from the date of arrest or service of the capias on him or her shall have a right to an adversary preliminary hearing on any felony charge then pending against the defendant. The subsequent filing of an information or indictment shall not eliminate a defendant’s entitlement to this proceeding.
(3) Witnesses. All witnesses shall be examined in the presence of the defendant and may be cross-examined.
(5) Action on Hearing. If from the evidence it appears to the judge that there is probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed and that the defendant has committed it, the judge shall cause the defendant to be held to answer to the circuit court; otherwise, the judge shall release the defendant from custody unless an information or indictment has been filed, in which event the defendant shall be released on recognizance subject to the condition that he or she appear at all court proceedings or shall be released under a summons to appear before the appropriate court at a time certain. Such release does not, however, void further prosecution by information or indictment but does prohibit any restraint on liberty other than appearing for trial.
RULE 3.134 TIME FOR FILING FORMAL CHARGES
The state shall file formal charges on defendants in custody by information, or indictment, or in the case of alleged misdemeanors by whatever documents constitute a formal charge, within 30 days from the date on which defendants are arrested. If the defendants remain uncharged, the court on the 30th day and with notice to the state shall: (1) Order that the defendants automatically be released on their own recognizance on the 33rd day unless the state files formal charges by that date; or (2) If good cause is shown by the state, order that the defendants automatically be released on their own recognizance on the 40th day unless the state files formal charges by that date. In no event shall any defendants remain in custody beyond 40 days unless they have been formally charged with a crime.
RULE 3.140. INDICTMENTS; INFORMATIONS
(a) Methods of Prosecution
(1) Capital Crimes. An offense that may be punished by death shall be prosecuted by indictment.
(2) Other Crimes. The prosecution of all other criminal offenses shall be as follows: In circuit courts and county courts, prosecution shall be solely by indictment or information. A grand jury may indict for any offense.
RULE 3.160. ARRAIGNMENT
Nature of Arraignment. The arraignment shall be conducted in open court or by audiovisual device in the discretion of the court and shall consist of the judge or clerk or prosecuting attorney reading the indictment or information on which the defendant will be tried to the defendant or stating orally to the defendant the substance of the charge or charges and calling on the defendant to plead thereto. The reading or statement as to the charge or charges may be waived by the defendant. If the defendant is represented by counsel, counsel may file a written plea of not guilty at or before arraignment and thereupon arraignment shall be deemed waived.
RULE 3.170. PLEAS
Types of Plea; Court’s Discretion. A defendant may plead not guilty, guilty, or, with the consent of the court, nolo contendere.
V. PRETRIAL MOTIONS AND DEFENSES RULE 3.190. PRETRIAL MOTIONS
(g) Motion to Suppress Evidence in Unlawful Search.
Grounds. A defendant aggrieved by an unlawful search and seizure may move to suppress anything so obtained for use as evidence because: (A) the property was illegally seized without a warrant; (B) the warrant is insufficient on its face; July 28, 2021 Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 109 The Florida Bar (C) the property seized is not the property described in the warrant; (D) there was no probable cause for believing the existence of the grounds on which the warrant was issued; or (E) the warrant was illegally executed. (2) Contents of Motion. Every motion to suppress evidence shall state clearly the particular evidence sought to be suppressed, the reasons for suppression, and a general statement of the facts on which the motion is based. (3) Hearing. Before hearing evidence, the court shall determine if the motion is legally sufficient. If it is not, the motion shall be denied. If the court hears the motion on its merits, the defendant shall present evidence supporting the defendant’s position and the state may offer rebuttal evidence. (4) Time for Filing. The motion to suppress shall be made before trial unless opportunity therefor did not exist or the defendant was not aware of the grounds for the motion, but the court may entertain the motion or an appropriate objection at the trial.
RULE 3.191. SPEEDY TRIAL
Speedy Trial without Demand. Except as otherwise provided by this rule, and subject to the limitations imposed under subdivisions (e) and (f), every person charged with a crime shall be brought to trial within 90 days of arrest if the crime charged is a misdemeanor, or within 175 days of arrest if the crime charged is a felony. If trial is not commenced within these time periods, the defendant shall be entitled to the appropriate remedy as set forth in subdivision (p).
(g) Demand for Speedy Trial; Accused Is Bound. A demand for speedy trial binds the accused and the state. No demand for speedy trial shall be filed or served unless the accused has a bona fide desire to obtain a trial sooner than otherwise might be provided. A demand for speedy trial shall be considered a pleading that the accused is available for trial, has diligently investigated the case, and is prepared or will be prepared for trial within 5 days. A demand filed by an accused who has not diligently investigated the case or who is not timely prepared for trial shall be stricken as invalid on motion of the prosecuting attorney. A demand may not be withdrawn by the accused except on order of the court, with consent of the state or on good cause shown. Good cause for continuances or delay on behalf of the accused thereafter shall not include nonreadiness for trial, except as to matters that may arise after the demand for trial is filed and that reasonably could not have been anticipated by the accused or counsel for the accused.