Recent orders
Indigenous Underrepresentation in Mainstream Media and how Social Media is Utilized to Increase Representation”
Slide 1: My presentation will deal with the topic on “Indigenous Underrepresentation in Mainstream Media and how Social Media is Utilized to Increase Representation”
Slide 2: Pierro et al. (2013) breaks down the mainstream media’s coverage of issues relating to Aboriginal people in Ontario. Between 2010-2013, the article checked every piece of news that came out of 171 print and online media sites in Ontario. This exercise was made possible by the use of search engines, focusing on keywords including Northern Ontario, Indigenous people, Aboriginal, and First Nations. All stories that captured these keywords were analyzed to discover how well the Aboriginal society in Ontario is represented.
Slide 3: Overall, controversial topics including the Attawapiskat housing crisis and the Northern Gateway Pipeline polarized public opinion, with both positive and negative coverage of important Aboriginal institutions and the federal government on both issues, according to the media. As a whole, 20 percent of the stories reviewed depicted Aboriginal people and concerns in a good light, 40 percent of the stories depicted Aboriginal people and topics in a neutral light, and 39 percent of the stories depicted Aboriginal people and topics in a bad light.
Slide 4: Following the findings, Pierro et al. (2013) feel that the mainstream media is very biased with regard to issues relating to the Aboriginal people. The article makes an argument that mainstream media negatively portrays Indigenous people in news presentation and other journalistic activities. The article is relevant to my essay topic because it gives a breakdown of how mainstream media in Ontario represents Aboriginal communities. The essay will help in developing my topic through focusing on the Ontario community and how news media continues to use stereotype to represent an entire community.
Slide 5: The free press has a responsibility to report on topics that the public needs to know about, rather than just those that the public wants to hear about. It is vital to recognize and appreciate the numerous positive examples of balanced and informed reporting about Aboriginal peoples that have been documented.
Slide 6: Legitimate Aboriginal rights violations, on the other hand, may be swept aside by ill-informed stereotypes (such as being unable to manage money) or by the unjust codification of inequitable opportunity (such as lower education funding) as a cultural deficit. The trend in negative reporting is likely to continue unabated.
Notes:As a result of the federal government’s assimilation and segregation efforts, tens of thousands of Indigenous Peoples were forcibly removed from their lands and transferred onto reservations or into permanent settlements across Canada (Harding, 2010). Because the land held the memory of their ancestors, Indigenous peoples’ connection to their ancestral lands served as the foundation for their identity as a People. Aside from evicting people from their houses, everything that distinguished them as individuals – their diverse cultural practices, languages, and religious beliefs – was disallowed, prohibited, or destroyed by the government. According to Murray (2009), the media continues to play on this bias. It sells stereotype of the Aboriginal people and related narratives. The danger that this does to the entire community is that it sells out the wrong picture of an entire people, causing more divide and increasing the likelihood of discrimination.
Slide 7:The topic for my essay, Indigenous Underrepresentation in Mainstream Media and how Social Media is Utilized to Increase Representation, will serve a number of purposes. First, it will highlight the underrepresentation of Indigenous people in mainstream media. Secondly, it will show how they are misrepresented wherever any form of representation is present. Thirdly, it will show Indigenous people are responding to the bias and poor representation through social media and other forms of independently produced Indigenous media. Social media and these other forms of independently produced indigenous media is changing the narrative by allowing Aboriginal people to present their own narrative to the world.
Notes: Therefore, Pierro et al. (2013) breaking down the mainstream media’s coverage of issues relating to Aboriginal is relevant to my essay because it will show patterns of how the Aboriginal narrative is taken, changed, and presented in mainstream media including journalism efforts and news presentation.
Slide 8: Discussion Questions
Why do we need to highlight the way Aboriginal people are represented in mainstream media in Canada?
Are there signs of change or can we expect the same stereotypical presentation of Indigenous people on mainstream media?
Slide 9: References
Harding, R. (2010). The Demonization of Aboriginal Child Welfare Authorities in the News. Canadian Journal of Communication, 35(1).
Murray, C. A. (2009). Designing monitoring to promote cultural diversification in TV. Canadian Journal of Communication, 34(4), 675.
Pierro, R., Barrera, J., Blackstock, C., Harding, R., McCue, D., & Metatawabin, M. (2013). Buried voices: Media coverage of Aboriginal issues in Ontario. Journalists for Human Rights, 2010-2013.
Indigenous Underrepresentation in Mainstream Media and how Social Media is Utilized to Increase Representation
Indigenous Underrepresentation in Mainstream Media and how Social Media is Utilized to Increase Representation
Belfer, E., Ford, J. D., & Maillet, M. (2017). Representation of Indigenous peoples in climate change reporting. Climatic Change, 145(1), 57-70.
Belfer, Ford, and Maillet (2017) look at how Indigenous peoples have been covered and portrayed in newspapers in the context of climate change reporting. There are also considerable discrepancies in the volume, topic, and framing of news reported across the four nations. The article will be very important in allowing my research to highlight the role of mainstream media and how it portrays Indigenous populations, including the biases therein and ways to bypass these to ensure that proper pictures of these societies are painted for the rest of the world.
Gone, J. P., Hartmann, W. E., Pomerville, A., Wendt, D. C., Klem, S. H., & Burrage, R. L. (2019). The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review. American Psychologist, 74(1), 20.
Gone et al. (2019) focus on the Indigenous populations in Canada and the United States, highlighting their historical traumas and the impact of the same on health outcomes. From a psychological point of view, the article shows how the Indigenous communities came to be isolated and “cast” away from mainstream conversations evidenced today. The content of the paper will be used to add on to the conversation and to provide a clearer picture of what is on the ground versus what it can be.
Harvey, A. (2020), Feminist Media Studies. Representing Gender. Cambridge, UK, Polity Press, 211 pp.
Harvey (2020) focuses primarily on feminist media studies and more on gender representation in the mainstream media. The article pushes the position that the media can be used to influence society and its perspective on issues including the role of women in society. This is important to my study as it opens up an argument regarding the applicability of the feminist media theory, an issue that will be explored to show how other sections of society can be represented through social media.
Kirmayer, L., Simpson, C., & Cargo, M. (2003). Healing traditions: Culture, community and mental health promotion with Canadian Aboriginal peoples. Australasian Psychiatry, 11(1_suppl), S15-S23.
The primary goal of this article is to highlight concerns and concepts that may be used to drive the creation of culturally relevant mental health promotion programs for Indigenous individuals and populations throughout Canada. The findings of this paper will be very important for my study as they will facilitate an argument surrounding the neglect of the First Nations by the mainstream media on critical maters such as health and interactions with the rest of the world.
Lavrence, C., & Cambre, C. (2020). “Do I Look Like My Selfie?”: Filters and the Digital-Forensic Gaze. Social Media+ Society, 6(4), 2056305120955182.
The focus of this paper is how social media is used today as a main source of information, and how the platforms therein can be used to distort the true picture, create a façade, and influence the position of society. The writers investigate the ambiguity and concern over authenticity that filters create, as well as the obsessive staring habits used to decode the validity of photographs. This will be applied in my research to provide an argument on the role of social media as a social and culture influencer.
Okimakanak, K. (2014). Research in Brief Social Media in Remote First Nation Communities. Canadian Journal of Communication, 39, 275-288.
This article is the basis of my argument and largely informs my case study of the Sioux Lookout region of Northwestern Ontario. A survey conducted by the author involving internet usage amongst the Sioux people investigates the connection between social media and the resilience of communities in tackling social and political issues. Although many societies have deep cultural and family ties, maintaining frequent interactions in order to build cultural bonds was difficult until the relatively recent widespread adoption of the Internet.
Oyedemi, T. D. (2019). Global digital capitalism: Mark Zuckerberg in Lagos and the political economy of Facebook in Africa. International Journal of Communication, 13, 17.
With increased adoption of mobile telecoms services, especially mobile Internet, Africa is blossoming regarding the use and demand for digital tools, according to the article. The article highlights how regions that were previously neglected in terms of being newsworthy on mainstream media are now using social media platforms such as Facebook to bring out their own narratives to the rest of the world. I will use this article to support my position and to further inform the argument that social media provides more representation for remote populations as evidenced in Africa.
Steinman, E. (2019). Why was Standing Rock and the# NoDAPL campaign so historic? Factors affecting American Indian participation in social movement collaborations and coalitions. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(7), 1070-1090.
Canada still has a lot of work to do in the area of reconciliation. The impacts of colonization are still being felt by First Nations peoples today. The paper provides a key point of view that will be used in my paper to show the changing times and how social media is facilitating social involvement of the Indigenous populations.
Flexibility of women in the workplace
Women and flexibility in a workplace
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Flexibility of women in the workplace as a social and structural issue
The flexibility of women in the workplace is a structural and social issue. It is strongly influenced by the society and the structures that have been put in place in the workplace. The structure of the workplace today was designed in such a way that it suits the desires of a male breadwinner. The workplace was designed for people who work full time, everyday, yearly with no opportunity for one to fulfil care-giving responsibilities. It means that the structures in place do not suit women who the society views as care-givers. The career paths today are designed in a straight out way whereby, one starts advancing in their career when they are in their twenties. Once a person gets to their sixties they are required to retire (Srivastava, 2007). The existing structures and career paths do not fit the needs of the workforce that is changing constantly especially the needs of working mothers.
About 80% of couples who are married are dual earner couples. In these households, the couples work for more than 80hours (Srivastava, 2007). It means that no one is present at home to look after the children, cooking, house work, cleaning and all other job within the house. The society still views women as being charged with the duty of taking care of the home. They are thought of as caregivers and expected to work at home and not in offices. In most cases, it is women who are forced to leave the workforce and stay at home in order to take care of the homes. People need jobs that are more flexible and those they have more control over time. The workplace today is very rigid and highly structured hence does not fit the needs of families and couples that work flat out. They need more flexibility and control so as to take care of their families, children and homes. There is need for a change in the structure and flexibility of the workplace so as to reduce the decline of the family structure and home (Srivastava, 2007).
Factors that have affected women’s flexibility in the workplace throughout history
The economic recession has driven more women to get into the workforce. Despite more women getting into the workforce, there is still a problem of flexibility. There are several factors that have affected the flexibility of women in the workplace throughout history. First, the structure in the workplace throughout history has affected the flexibility of women in the workplace. Women are expected top work for long hours and hence hindering their flexibility in the workplace. Another factor that has affected the flexibility of women in the workplace is the role of women in the society. Women have the duty of taking care of their families and homes. It becomes difficult for women to juggle between working in offices and working at home. They end up being tired overwhelmed because they are expected to perform well in everything they do. It forces women to leave their jobs adapt to stay at home because it becomes difficult to manage the two (Freedman, 2010). Another factor that affects flexibility of women in the workplace is employers who do not want to adopt policies that encourage flexibility of women. They do not understand the need for flexibility of women in the workplace and hence see no importance of implementing flexibility policies. Women also fear to ask for flexibility since they are afraid of jeopardizing their jobs. An employer might fail to see the need of flexibility unless prompted. Women fear speaking out such issues to their employers because they would not want to loose their jobs.
Factors that have affected women’s pay in the workforce
Throughout history, women have been paid as compared to their male counterparts. Women’s pay is affected by various factors one of them being women lack the negotiating power. Women often fear to speak out about pay when they are employed. They are afraid of speaking out and demanding for better pay for fear of loosing their jobs. Generally, women are less aggressive when it comes to fighting for their pay as compared to men. Another reason is that work performed by women is considered to be less demanding than that of men (Freedman, 2010). Most employees believe that work performed by women deserves less pay since it is not demanding. Women’s pay is also affected by a lot of career interruptions and working for shorter hours. Women face a huge challenge in balancing between work and home life. Women are often interrupted from their work to take care of some home duties. It weakens the career progression of women and hence impacting their financial position. Women’s pay is also affected by the fact that they tend to choose part-time work so that they can be able to combine their responsibilities at home and work. Another factor affecting women’s pay is discrimination. There is still unequal treatment of women in the workplace despite the existence of legislation that prohibits discrimination.
Hypothesize what may change for women in the workplace within the next 10 years
There are many changes expected for women in the workplace in the next 10 years. They say that it is a man’s world, but this will not be the case for a longer period. About one billion women are expected to get into the workplace in the next 10 years. The number of women joining the workforce is expected to go up as compared to that of men. Another thing expected to change for women in the workplace is a decrease in gender equality (Kunin, 2012). It is expected that women will join the occupations that are termed as being meant for men. Women will equally fight for similar working opportunities as men without fear. There is also going to be a decrease in gender discrimination in the workplace. Women will be given similar opportunities like those of their male counterparts. Women are also likely to receive the same pay as that of their male counterparts. Another expected change is flexibility in workforce. Women will be provided with an opportunity to work for fewer hours without affecting their pay.
References
Freedman, J. (2010).Women in the workplace: Wages, respect, and equal rights. New York: Rosen Pub.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Kunin, M. (2012). The new feminist agenda: Defining the next revolution for women, work, and family. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Pub.
Bottom of Form
Srivastava, S. (2007). Women in Workforce: Work and Family Conflict. Management and Labor Studies, 411-421.