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In today’s complex enterprise environments, ethical dilemmas are hard to resolve
In today’s complex enterprise environments, ethical dilemmas are hard to resolve. The Guidant’s dilemma faced the Guidant Corporation Implantable Defibrillator business. They were aware of a defect that could make the defibrillator malfunction and cause death to patients. They fixed the problem when it was known but never informed the patients who were implanted with the defective devices. Later, it appeared that they were keeping the defect a secret to protect the business’s interests despite endangering many lives of patients with heart problems.
The consequentialism approach depicts whether something is wrong or right, depending on its consequences. For consequentialism, if telling a lie will save someone, it says that it is the best thing to do. The conventional social role approach suggests that an individual is entitled to play a given status in society. Consequentialism would be the best because the company, under the dilemma, would choose to save their company and hence saving jobs of many individuals in the corporation.
Utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism. It states that the outcomes of any given action are the only standard of wrong and right. The interests of all humans are considered equal. The main objective of utilitarianism is to maximize utility; happiness, benefits and pleasure to prevent any pain. The utilitarianism proponents disagree on several ways; whether individuals should change to rules that maximize utility or whether given actions should be based on results. Consequentialism consists of three main features. One is it considers the individual to be taken in evaluating outcomes. The results could be useful for one person or insufficient for another. Second is the kind of non-moral good put in place. Some believe that pleasure or happiness is all that matters while others that attention should be used in attaining human interests. Lastly, the amount of non-moral good required. Consequentialists believe in producing as more good as possible.Welfarism states that policies, rules and actions are evaluated based on their consequences. It consists of three theories; desire, hedonism and objective list theories. It is directed to the people and aims at providing various facilities to remove hunger, poverty and unemployment. Also, it enhances equal rights to all disregarding race or religion. A conducive environment for moral development is also created. Additive aggression states that the world’s value is the total value of its parts, such as lives and societies. Thus the wellbeing of people can be traded off by adding them up together.
Utilitarianism focuses on promoting happiness among many people as long as the actions are right, and the more the people benefit, the better. In Merck case dilemma, they were finding a cure to the river blindness disease that caused itching, discolouration and lesions on the skin. In their research, they found out that Ivermectin antibiotic used in treating parasites in animals could cure the disease. They proved its effectiveness with no visible side effects. During distribution, they lacked a company that would pay for it. Merck decided to give out the drug to the people at no cost and helped in eliminating the disease benefiting many individuals.
In the parable of Sandbu, the student gets gifted the black belt for his right actions after several tests by the master. Technophobe’s dilemma faces Carr. He is required to fail sometimes in digital automation for him to identify that some technologies are automation technologies. His actions help many people through the generation of automated machines. In Kate’s dilemma, her medical needs were considered to save her life despite Anna, who was only used as a donor to donate the genes to Kate. As long as the action was saving someone’s life, it is considered right.
Act-consequentialism is the perspective that an activity is right on condition that it maximizes the benefit for the highest number of people. This theory specifies the characteristics of an action’s outcomes that are morally worth, for example, welfare, happiness, primary goods accessibility and pleasure. Also, it states the calculative procedure for dictating the overall moral value of a given condition of affairs. Again, this theory is flexible in that it can take into account any form of circumstances. It is hard to apply the view in real life because each moral decision must be evaluated.
For rule-consequentialism, it states that rightness of a given activity does not depend on the goodness of its outcomes, but depend on whether it is in line with specific code rules. When a person wants to make a moral choice, he can apply a given rule depending on the codes. Probably, rules yielding the most excellent results should be adopted by people.
Adam Smith argues out that the outcome of everyone working towards achieving their interests, will, in turn, lead to maximization of the interests of the society. The free market invisible hand changes the individual’s aim in gaining into the utility of society as a whole. The concept of the invisible hand is used in social sciences and economics to explain the emergence of mediums of exchange, labour division, wealth growth and price patterns in a perfectly competitive market. Also, the concept has been applied in arguments that free markets with economic agents acting by their self gains, produce the outcomes economically and socially.
Smith applied this idea in different occasions. He explained how wealthy people work towards their benefits but in the process, employ other people to work for them distributing the welfare to a larger group. Also, he says that the majority of individuals prefer domestic investments over foreign. Thus shows how self-interests often result in public interest.
Adam Smith argues out that the outcome of everyone working towards achieving their interests, will, in turn, lead to maximization of the interests of the society. The free market invisible hand changes the individual’s aim in gaining into the utility of society as a whole. The concept of the invisible hand is used in social sciences and economics to explain the emergence of mediums of exchange, labour division, wealth growth and price patterns in a perfectly competitive market. Also, the concept has been applied in arguments that free markets with economic agents acting by their self gains, produce the outcomes economically and socially.
Smith applied this idea in different occasions. He explained how wealthy people work towards their benefits but in the process, employ other people to work for them distributing the welfare to a larger group. Also, he says that the majority of individuals prefer domestic investments over foreign. Thus shows how self-interests often result in public interest.
First and foremost,
First and foremost, I believe that choosing a graduate program is one of the most important decisions a student can make, so it’s important for me to choose the right school for me. This school’s strong curriculum, focused learning environment and affordable tuition rates are just some of the key points that make it a top contender in the course of deciding where I want to pursue graduate work.
One of the biggest reasons that LIU Brooklyn is one of the best schools to attend is because of its incredible location. LIU Brooklyn is the perfect fit for me because of its beautifully landscaped campus that includes a variety of green spaces and its picturesque waterfront. The campus itself is beautiful and reflects the city that it serves. The campus’ tree-lined pathway is a great place to begin an epic day, whether you arrive by bicycle, by foot or by car. The campus and surroundings are also picturesque in all seasons. Whether you’re in for a walk or a bike ride, there’s always something new to enjoy. In springtime, students can enjoy the blooming cherry trees and in summer time many come out to enjoy the pool at Lempert Park.
My undergraduate program is in the field of marketing, which perfectly fits my professional goals. I want to pursue marketing program because I think it will give me the best preparation to become a marketing manager, which is my ultimate career goal. I am always looking for new ways to improve my marketing skills and expand my knowledge on marketing theories and ethics. The reason why I would like to pursue this course is because I would like to learn some marketing theories from top institutions and to expand my experiences as a sales manager.
Reference
Brooklyn | Long Island University. (2022). Retrieved 4 August 2022, from https://liu.edu/brooklyn
Effects of Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in modern times
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Effects of Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in modern times
Alexander Hamilton was one of the figures who played a major role in politics in America during the past era. He was appointed a secretary to the treasury and he used this position, to finance the newly formed American government, and have the ability to pay the debts it had, while also affirming the dominance over other states. This helped in instituting the very strong federal policies in America, in the current times. Hamilton being a lawyer, he worked for New York parliament, and was one of the people who attended the convention which took place in Philadelphia, in 1787, proposing the changing of Articles for a newly created constitution.
Following the approval of the constitution in America, Hamilton appointment as the secretary to the treasury, played a vital role in the government because of his wide knowledge in economics theory. He was one of the leaders in the Federal political party, who campaigned for a government with federal policies. To him, anarchy as experienced in France during the revolution was a perfect example of freedom that infringed on the rights of the people. He thought that if the American people were given an opportunity to express their idea of liberty freely, it would interfere with the benefits achieved by their revolution. His other assignment as a secretary in the treasury department obligated him to enhance the financial stability of the government. It was a complicated matter, because the government had enormous debts from the very first day the government came into force (Watson pg200).
The newly created constitution necessitated the government to pay the debts that had resulted from financing of the revolution war. At the same time, the articles in the confederation were not in a position to deal with the issue, so he came up with a policy that introduced indirect taxes. Custom duties were imposed on commodities, used by consumers like alcoholic’s drinks and beverages. He planned to increase the tax charged on alcoholic products, to increase the duty on alcoholic spirits imported, and at the same time, a new tax rate was charged on distilled spirits produced locally. Both proposals were agreed upon by the senate, and accepted by the president in the year 1791. The direct impact of this idea would be favorable for agricultural activities in the country. This is because the reduction in the consumption of spirits, would lead to use of malt liquors benefiting farmers in the country, as well as, opening up other creative sources of revenue.
It also brought into play the introduction of the idea of limitation, in the consumption of alcohol. This idea has been accepted and widely used by many countries including America. The advantages of the whole concept are it takes into consideration the health factor of the citizens in a county. This is because excessive use of alcohol is detrimental on an individual health. The concept happened to be used also when collecting federal levies, imposed on alcoholic drinks.
Hamilton came up with a proposal on how to fund the debts incurred by country, by establishing financial institutions such as the National bank, as he believed that the future of America, depended mostly on banks and the bond markets. The bank currently has many branches all over the world, and a financial institution that has helped a lot in raising the living standards of many people (Bennet pg 254).
Aaron Burr, another founding father of America, described as the one who started the present methods of campaigning in politics. He achieved this by asking for help from members of a social club called Tammany Hall in dictating the selection method for the delegates in the Electoral College. Many democratic countries have come up with electoral bodies to oversee elections in their countries. While serving in the military, he came up with a patrol coordination that led to enforcement of martial law that helped in instituting law, and order in the military service. Military services all over the world use it as a tool for propagating justice in that system.. As the president of the senate, he came up with ideologies that restored transparency in the judicial system. The office still follows some of his principles in delegating duties. He believed that women shared the same intellectual abilities as men. He hanged a picture of Mary Wollstonecraft over his own mantle. Burr daughter learnt how to dance, singing and many languages. She was also taught some skills like shooting while positioned at the back of the horse. This was an important development, as many ladies are now educated, and hold various influential positions in the American government and all over the world (Tootle pg156).
After his election as the third vice president of America, he advocated for women education. He came up with a bill that allowed women to vote, and is still applied in America. Burr was also instrumental in ending the slavery era in their country. At that time, he had two slaves but later set one of them free, as a result, for his efficient service during the revolution in America. Slavery is almost a thing of the past in many countries worldwide.
Work cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Bennet, William J. America:The Last Best Hope:From the Age of Discovery. New York: Thomas Nelson Inc, 2007.
Tootle, James R. Vintage Base Bal:Recapturing the National Pastimel. London: Mcfarland, 2011.
Watson, Alan D. General Benjamin Smith:A Biography of the North Carolina. New York: McFarland, 2011.