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Understanding Consumer Behaviour

Consumer Behavior. Understanding Consumer Behaviour

Answer all of 5 short questions using module theories and consumer behaviour concepts and
examples.
The word limit is 180-220 words for each answer. In text-citations are included in the word limit
(but the reference list is excluded from the word count). Referencing should follow the APA
referencing style.

Answer all of the following short questions using module theories and consumer behaviour concepts and examples.

The word limit is 180-220 words for each answer. In text-citations are included in the word limit (but the reference list is excluded from the word count). Referencing should follow the APA referencing style.

  1. How would you explain why it is that we human beings seem in a state of continuous dissatisfaction with the appearance that we were born with? Marketers attempt to reinforce consumers’ striving to become ‘ideal selves’. How can policy makers intervene in this process to protect consumers?
  2. Why would a marketer consider saying negative things about their product? When is this strategy feasible? Can you find examples of it?
  3. You are the marketing manager of a clothing line that aims to take on Hollister and other retailers who trade on in-store atmospherics reinforced by the conspicuous presence of nicely dressed store assistants. You wish to distinguish your brand while attracting customers from a young and affluent demographic. What differential perceptual strategies might you use to attract these customers through your door?
  4. Discuss how men have been portrayed in advertising and how these portrayals affect consumer Provide examples that are relevant to the field of marketing to illustrate your answer.
  5. A government agency wants to encourage the use of designated drivers by people who have been drinking. What advice could you give the organisation about constructing persuasive communications? Discuss some factors that might be important, including the structure of the communications, where they should appear and who should deliver Should fear appeals be used, and if so, how?

Questions for these 5:

  • How many references and how many examples are expected per question?
    The assignment asks for short answers to short questions, so you are not expected to provide a long list of references and too many examples. It is not a matter of quantity but a matter of quality/relevance i.e. a matter of using a few relevant sources and include more analysis along with a few 2-3 relevant examples.
  • Can we use material outside the lecture slides?
    In justifying your arguments, you can use material not discussed in the class or in the textbook but please provide the relevant references.
  • How much of the answer should be theory compared to examples?
    As discussed in the revision slides regarding the marking criteria, you will be assessed on how well you identify the relevant module concepts/theories and apply them (through a few relevant examples) in answering the questions.
  • How best can we structure our answers? Should there be an introduction and conclusion or just directly answer the question?
    As these are short answers, it is difficult to structure them in terms of an essay (unless with a very short introduction and a very short conclusion), so you can focus on directly answering each short question.
  • Should we include a bibliography after each answer, or should we include all references at the end under one bibliography?
    You can include all references at the end under one bibliography.
  • Can we write in the first person?
    Yes you can but please try to consider other possible perspectives i.e. not only your own consumption experiences.

Formulating Excellent Research Proposal

Writing Research Proposal.

Required

Formulate an excellent rseearch proposal.

Writing a good research proposal requires you to understand why people write bad research proposals.

There many reasons why reserach proposals are rejected.

Common rejection reasons

The National Institute of Health (NIH) analyzed the reasons why over 700 research proposal applications were denied. Their findings as to the cause of rejection are worth reviewing in light of your own proposal:

  1. Nature of the Problem (18%)
    1. It is doubtful that new or useful information
      will result from the project (14%).
    2. The basic hypothesis is unsound (3.5%).
    3. The proposed research is scientifically premature due to the present inadequacy of supporting knowledge (0.6%).
  1. Approach to the Problem (38.9%)
  2. The research plan is nebulous, diffuse and not presented in concrete detail (8.6%).
    1. The planned research is not adequately controlled (3.7%).
    1. Greater care in planning is needed (25.2%).
      1. The research plan has not been carefully designed (11.8%).
      2. The proposed methods will not yield accurate results (8.8%).
      3. The procedures to be used should be spelled out
      in more detail (4.6%).
    2. A more thorough statistical treatment is needed (0.7%).
    3. The proposed tests require more individual subjects
      than the number given (0.7%).
  • Competence of the Investigators (38.2%)
    • . The applicants need to acquire greater familiarity with the pertinent literature (7.2%).
    1. The problems to be investigated are more complex than the
      applicants realize (10.5%).
    2. The applicants propose to enter an area of research for which
      they are not adequately trained (12.8%).
    3. The principal investigator intends to give actual responsibility
      for the direction of a complex project to an inexperienced
      co-investigator (0.9%).
    4. The reviewers do not have sufficient confidence in the applicants
      to approve the present application, largely based on the past
      efforts of the applicants (6.8%).
  1. Conditions of the Research Environment (4.8%)
    • . The investigators will be required to devote too much time to
      teaching or other non-research duties (0.9%).
    1. Better liaison is needed with colleagues in collateral disciplines (0.4%).
    2. Requested expansion on continuation of a currently supported research project would result in failure to achieve the main goal of the work (3.5%).

Based on the above analysis,
a carefully designed, well reasoned proposal will overcome these common pitfalls. It also represents and important credibility statement about the investigator.

The Bureau of Occupational and Vocational Education comparable study.

Based on a sample of 353 research grant applications:

— 18% forgot to number the pages.
— 73% forgot to include a table of contents.
— 81% had no abstract.
— 92% failed to provide resumes of proposed consultants.
— 25% had no resume for the principal investigator.
— 66% included no plan for project evaluation.
— 17% forgot to identify the project director by name.
— 20% failed to list the objectives of the project.

Research Proposal In Psychology Topic

One of the topics is Motivation, Domestic abuse, Depression, etc

Writing a Scientific Research Proposal. Final Proposal due on or before 5/12

Please scroll down for Final Template

A research proposal has three main points:

1) Explanation of proposed research (what will be done)

2) Methods and techniques to be employed (how it will be done)

3) Novelty and/or importance of the study (why it should be done)

  1. Title

This should provide a specific summary of the proposed work

  1. II) Abstract (PART II)

 One paragraph that allowing the quick and accurate assessment of the basic premise of the proposal in 250 words or less.

III. Introduction and Literature Review

Your first sentence of the introduction should identify the research problem. This

sentence or two should address why the research is important and what you are hoping

to accomplish. What is the problem under investigation?

Next, you should complete a literature review. Your review of the literature should only

include the 5 articles you select. The more recent the better. Through the use of previous research, you should develop the general background of the research problem and identify research holes to show how your experiment can further research in the field. Make sure you

include your hypothesis in this section, as well as, the independent and dependent

variables.

Lastly, identify your research design. You should begin with the basics of your research topic and then narrow the focus of those details that are especially pertinent to the proposed work. Present what is currently known in the field in terms of motivation and how these discoveries were made. This is the place to show what is interesting and cutting-edge in the field that led to your research idea. You are laying the groundwork for your proposal with the material that you present.

  1. Method

In this section you should discuss how you are going to meet the goals discussed in the

introduction. This portion of the proposal is broken down further into questions you

should answer within each subsection.

Research Hypothesis

What is the hypothesis that you are testing? What are the questions that you seek to answer? Based on what is known in this field, explain what you expect to see and hope to show through your result? This is where you share your thoughts.

Dependent Variable:

*What behavior are you going to measure?

*How often are you going to measure the behavior?

*What is the type of observation?

*What is the recording method? How will data be recorded?

Independent Variable/Subject Variable:

*What are you going to manipulate?

*Describe (in detail) the levels of the independent variable.

*What variables are controlled?

*How are they presented?

*How long will they be presented?

*What instructions will the participant receive?

*Who will give the instructions?

*Who will be present when the behavior is measured?

Material

Describe your proposed experiment in depth. What processes are you going to use? What kind of equipment and supplies will be necessary for the project? What will you use for a control, and what will be your replicate? Be thorough, but not excessive. It might be useful to construct an outline before completing this section, as this will give you an idea of what should be occurring when, and if your goals are attainable in the given time.

Participants

*Who are your participants going to be? (i.e., What is the gender, age education, race,

etc. of your participants?)

*How many participants are you going to have?

*How are you going to recruit them?

*How are you going to assign them to groups?

*How are you going to compensate them?

*What criteria will you use for participation in your project?

Apparatus/Materials

*What apparatus are you going to use?

*What materials are you going to use?

*Are you going to administer any psychological tests? If so, which ones?

*Are there any special supplies you require?

*Do you need an apparatus or device to observe or record behavior?

Procedure

*What is your research design?

*What will happen in your experiment?

*Where is your study going to take place? (Describe where the data will be collected)

Your sentence structure should look something like this:

“According to Thullen et al. (1999), nitrate removal rates were highest in those wetlands that contained a divers number of plants species.”

“Within organisms cellular nitrogen generally exists as either ammonia-nitrogen or amino-nitrogen, which are the most reduced forms of nitrogen (Delwiche, 1981).”

Never leave your reader in doubt as to the source of your information. Cite thoroughly and cite properly. You only have 5 sources to pull from, so make sure they’re inter-related and usable.

  1. Conclusion and Justification (PART II)

Your literature review will have already helped to lead the reader to an understanding of why your topic is of importance. This is where you will explicitly state how your proposed research will advance knowledge. What are the far-reaching effects? Will your study potentially change practices or policies? Why is it that your research deserves funding? Why should we care about your study? Convince the reader why this study belongs in the scholarly literature.

  1. Reference

Include the 5 resources that were used in the writing of the paper. Follow APA guidelines for formatting.

VII. Presentation (PART II)

APA style followed throughout (look it up) and clear evidence of proofreading

VIII. Submission (PART II)

Be sure it’s turned in by or before 5/12

***A note on Voice:

There is no one format for voice in scientific writing. Active voice is usually encouraged (use of “I” or “We”), but in practice many writers switch between active and passive voice to keep the writing from becoming too repetitive.

Important Points to Remember

-An organized, well-written, concise, complete proposal = an easier to conduct experiment

-A good proposal is like a good sales pitch. In the world of graduate studies and scientific

research a proposal is the means by which funding is secured.

-Good writing when paired with a thorough understanding of the subject matter is a valuable skill to possess.