Matching (1 pts. each – 20 pts

Matching: (1 pts. each – 20 pts. total) Match the definitions, laws or corresponding term or names.

___ 1) Measurement of location east and west on Celestial Sphere. A. Newton

___ 2) The ancient Greek that developed the geocentric model of the Solar System. B. 12 hr, 0º

___ 3) Name of the scientist that first mathematically explained gravity – F = Gm1m2/r2 C. Einstein

___ 4) Copernicus promoted heliocentrism by reviving the theory initially proposed by this Greek mathematician. D. Counter Clockwise

___ 5) Direction of the rotation of the Celestial sphere. E. Right Ascension

___ 6) All planets travel in this type of orbit. F. Elliptical

___ 7) Units of wavelength. G. Declination

___ 8) Was the first to use a telescope to make detailed astronomical observations – Sunspots, Venus’ phases, Jupiter’s moons H. 23hrs 56mins

I. Solar eclipse

___ 9) First to introduce the concept of elliptical orbits. J. 23.5 °

K. Gravity

___ 10) Always happens on the 21st of March each year. L. Circular

___ 11) Occurs when the Moon blocks the Sun casting a shadow on Earth. M. 24 hours

___ 12) Direction of the rotation of the Earth. N. M, nm, km, etc.

O. Ecliptic

___ 13) Length of a Solar day. P. Kepler

___ 14) Position of the Autumnal Equinox on the Celestial Sphere. Q. Geocentric

___ 15) Length of a sidereal day. R. Aristarchus

S. Lunar eclipse

___ 16) Occurs when the Earth creates a shadow on the Moon. T. Clockwise

___ 17) Name of the Sun centered solar system model. U. Heliocentric

___ 18) The attractive force between objects due to mass. V. Blackbody radiation

___ 19) Created the theory of General Relativity to explain gravity. W. Vernal Equinox

___ 20) All bodies above absolute zero emit this type of radiation. X. Ptolemy

Y. Galileo

Z. Sidereal

True / False: (1 pt. each – 15 pts. total) Determine whether each statement below is True or False. In each case, circle your answer.

TRUEFALSE 21)Seasons are opposite of ours in the Southern Hemisphere.

TRUEFALSE 22)Red light has a higher frequency than violet light.

TRUEFALSE 23)Newton’s 1st law states a body remains at rest unless acted upon by a net force.

TRUEFALSE 24)Sound can propagate in vacuum.

TRUEFALSE 25)The phases of the Moon always move from left to right.

TRUEFALSE 26)3.0 x 108 m/s is the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum.

TRUEFALSE 27)p3 = a2 is a statement of Kepler’s 3rd law.

TRUEFALSE 28)Earth’s orbit around the Sun is circular.

TRUEFALSE 29)A star emitting blue light is colder than a start emitting red light.

TRUEFALSE 30)Parallax can be used to measure the distance to astronomical objects.

TRUEFALSE 31)Units of frequency are Hz (Hertz).

TRUEFALSE 32)We see the same constellations in the sky throughout the seasons because we don’t rotate around the sun.

TRUEFALSE 33)A scientific theory can be 100% correct – falsifiability doesn’t apply.

TRUEFALSE 34)Galileo’s theories led to him being placed under house arrest because they were thought to be heresy by the Catholic Church.

TRUEFALSE 35)Epicycles are used to explain retrograde motion in the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Multiple Choice: (1 pt. each – 26 pts. total) Circle the option that best answers the question.

36)Modern scientific model includes which of the following?

Observation.

Predictions.

Theories.

All of the above.

37)In which of the following locations would you have the greatest weight?

Mountain Everest.

Near the Center of Earth.

On the very massive planet Jupiter.

Your weight doesn’t change.

38)Why can parallax not be explained by the geocentric model of the Solar System?

Because it can only be observed if the Earth is rotating – violating the geocentric model.

Only can be explained by Einstein’s theory of General Relativity.

Earth is stationary – so there’s no parallax.

None of the above.

39)How are frequency f, wavelength ʎ, and speed v of a wave related?

f/ʎ = v

They are all independent.

fʎ = v

Both a.) & c.)

40)What characteristics of star can be obtained from a blackbody curve?

Age of the star.

Temperature of the star.

Size of the star.

Both b & c

41)If I have a gravitational force F between two bodies at a distance r, and I increase the distance to 2 r – what is the new force?

¼ F

½ F

4 F

2 F

42)What are the coordinates for the Summer Solstice?

18 hr, – 23.5º.

6 hr, 23.5º.

12 hr, 0 º.

0 hr, 0º.

43)Kepler’s 2nd law states that a line connecting the Sun and planet will sweep out equal areas in equal times which means –

Planets move at different speeds in their orbits.

Have circular orbits

Have retrograde orbits

None of the above.

44)Newton’s 3rd law states that –

All forces act in pairs

All forces act in parallel directions

All forces act in equal and opposite directions.

Both a & c

45)If we were to scale the width of the Milky Way galaxy to be the size of a football field (110 yards) what would be the diameter of our entire Solar system?

A quarter

A silver dollar

The tip of a blade of grass on the 30 yard line

A dime

46)What is correct explanation for the retrograde motion of Mars for example?

It is actually an illusion, and is caused by the difference in the orbital speeds of our two planets as we rotate around the Sun.

Can only be explained by using deferents and epicycles.

Mars actually stops and reverses its direction

None of the above.

47)What are the correct units of the Gravitational constant – G?

Nm2/kg2.

NM.

N2m/kg.

None of the above.

48)What is the temperature of boiling water on the Kelvin scale?

100 K

273 K

0 K

373 K

49)If the mass of two planets m1 and m2 were each

doubled to 2 m1 and 2 m2 what now is the force of

gravity between them now compared to the force F

between them before this change?

4 F.

2 F

decreases to 1/4 F.

Increases to 8 F.

50)I observe two blackbody curves of two stars with peak wavelengths of 450 nm, and 800 nm – which is colder?

Star with peak wavelength of 800 nm.

Star with peak wavelength of 450 nm.

Temperature is not reflected by peak wavelengths.

Depends on the time of year.

51) What is the name of the process that splits light into its component spectrum when it is passed through a prism?

Mirror

Diverging lens

Dispersion

Spectroscope

52)Why did ancient societies study the motion of the Sun, planets, and the stars?

To know when to plant and harvest crops.

For navigation of ships.

To develop a calendar system to track important historical events.

All of the above.

53)Looking at the electromagnetic spectrum what can be deduced about the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy?

Shorter wavelength, higher frequency, higher energy

Shorter wavelength, lower frequency, lower energy

Longer wavelength, lower frequency, lower energy

Both a.) & c.)

54)What planet and its phases did Galileo observe that provided indisputable evidence for the Heliocentric model of the solar system?

Uranus.

Jupiter.

Venus.

The Moon.

55)How are positions of the stars or constellations located on the Celestial Sphere?

Latitude and longitude.

Latitude and declination.

Right ascension and longitude.

Right ascension and declination.

56)Why do we experience the seasons?

Earth is titled with respect to the Sun by 23.5º.

In the summer the Sun is above the horizon for a longer time than winter.

Sun’s rays are striking the Earth at a smaller angle than during the winter.

All of the above.

57)I am observing a heading away from Earth at –-+ 0.01c How is it’s observed spectrum shifted?

Blue shifted.

Green shifted.

Red shifted.

All of the above.

58)Which of the following is a correct statement for a longitudinal wave?

Amplitude is parallel with the direction of propagation

Wavelength is greater for sound waves than light waves

Amplitude is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Amplitude is the inverse of wavelength.

59)Which of the following statements are part of the Copernican revolution?

The Sun rotates around the Earth.

The Earth and all planets rotate around the Sun.

The distance to the stars are very close in comparison to our distance from the Sun.

All of the above.

60)How much of the Moon’s surface is illuminated at any given time?

100%

50%

12.5%

25%

61)When I see person wearing a blue colored shirt – why do I see yellow?

Shirt is reflecting blue light and is absorbing the other colors of the visible spectrum.

Shirt is absorbing blue light.

Shirt is emitting blue light.

Depends on the material that the shirt is made of.

Word problems – choose any 4 total of 7 (1pt. each) + 3 extra credit problems (4.5 pts total) – for full credit show all your work

62) Using the scale of a football field explain the size of our solar system with respect to our galaxy.(1 pt.)

63 )Based on the Doppler effect explain why an approaching star appears to have a blue shifted spectrum while a receding star has a red shifted spectrum. (1 pt.)

64)I have a sound wave with a frequency of 4500 Hz and a wavelength of 2.0 x 10-2 m what is the wave speed? (1 pt.) (hint – fʎ=v)65)Calculate the time it takes for light to arrive at the Earth when transmitted from our Sun (1 pt.) (hint – c = 3.0 x105 km/s, and distance to the Sun = 150 X 106 km).

66) What is the electromagnetic spectrum? (Draw a simple diagram showing the regions of the spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays and the relationships between wavelength, frequency, and energy (1 pt.)

67) Describe the fundamental differences between the geocentric and heliocentric solar system models. Secondly briefly explain how the heliocentric model explains the observation of retrograde motion of the planet Mars for example. (1 pt.)

68) I have two different stars of the same volume that are at temperatures of 1200 K and 6000 K – which star has a bluer peak wavelength in its blackbody spectrum? Secondly calculate the ratio of the energies between the hotter start compared to the cooler star(1 pt.) (hint – E= σT4)

69) Extra credit problem – I am observing a star that is approaching the Earth emitting a light of 695 nm. The true wavelength of this emission is 700 nm. What is the direction of the star? Show all your work. (1.5 pts) (hint – ʎ’/ʎ = 1 + v/c)

70) Extra credit problem – I am on a planet named Zeus with a mass of 8 x 1024 kg, and a radius of 8.0 x 106 m. My mass is 80 kgs calculate my weight on planet Zeus using Newton’s law of gravity. Show all your work. (1.5 pts) (hint – F = G m1m2/r2, and G = (6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2))

71) Extra credit problem – Explain our modern view of gravitational forces using Einstein’s theory of General Relativity. Show all your work. (1.5 pts)

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