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2004GIR Government Business Relations, T32021
2004GIR Government Business Relations, T3/2021
Final Exam
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PART A – SHORT ANSWERS (25 points)
Answer all five short answer questions. Each answer is worth a maximum of 5 points. Answers should be 80-100 words long. Use proper citation for verbatim quotes and for paraphrased passages. Add your reference list at the end. This doesn’t count towards the word limit.
Q 1Why are constitutions important for government business relations?
The constitution plays a vital role for the relationship between government and business as it spells out their relationship, including the regulatory environment, the extent of participation, and the rights accorded to entities in a business environment. The constitution lays down the role of the government as a regulatory body and the rights of individuals in business in relation to the law and the entire environment. By spelling out the rights and expectations of each entity, the constitution gives the government powers while monitoring how it is used in the larger scheme of things.
Q 2What economic policy ideas dominated the period after the second world war?
After World War II, the Keynesian economic policy dominated other schools of thought. The popular belief at the time was that free markets could inevitably create full employment. The Keynesian economics challenged this belief. The idea that aggregate demand would be the most essential driving factor in a given economy was the central tenet of the Keynesian economic theory. Free markets, according to Keynesian economics, do not contain self regulating and balancing steps that contribute to the ultimate aim, that is, full employment. Therefore, government participation is justified by public strategies that aim to achieve the stability of prices and full employment both in the short and long term.
Q 3What are some of the key differences between the developmental and the adversarial models of government business relations (GBR)?
A developmental model of GSR takes on a positive part for the state. It also takes on a cooperative stance, creating a partnership between businesses and governments. The 3 main actors include political parties (entities), businesses, and the bureaucratic process. An example of such includes Japan. In the adversarial model, a regulatory environment is shaped by government involvement. The basic framework of operation is set by the government with rules and an indirect working relationship involving regulatory mechanisms. Businesses do not get everything they need and the relationship with government is adversarial with regular combative interactions. An example of such a model includes the United States.
Q 4Is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sufficient to solve environmental problems?
CSR and related activities aim to minimize the many damaging effects that business processes have on the environment. However, CSR activities are not sufficient to solve every environmental issue. By focusing on recycling, water usage, energy use, emissions, and waste management, businesses are able to contribute towards a reduction of the damaging impacts. Despite being insufficient, the acceptance of social responsibility has a good impact on pollution prevention, and this result indicates that the said adoption of CSR will help to push the agenda for a more environment-focused future.
Q 5Have indigenous peoples benefitted from globalisation?
Globalization has proven detrimental to Indigenous Peoples. Native principles are particularly susceptible to cultural harm due to the globalization of culture. This is partially due to the fact that Aboriginal populations have deficiency of the requisite power and impact to protect the traditional practices and territory from those with more power and influence. Their lands are regularly taken away for resource extraction, wreaking havoc on traditional ways of life and pushing many indigenous people to relocate to metropolitan areas in search of work. They are required adapt to, and in some cases even replicate, the habits of dominant cultural groups.
PART B- ESSAY (25 points)
Answer one (1) of the following three questions. Your answer should be 400-500 words long. Use proper citation for verbatim quotes and for paraphrased passages. Add your reference list at the end. This doesn’t count towards the word limit.
ANSWER ONE (1) QUESTION
Do you agree that the positives of neo-liberalism outweigh the negatives? Discuss using examples to support your argument.
Neoliberal economics is a word used to define free market economics. People who support neoliberal policies including deregulating prices, free trade, denationalization, smaller forms of government, and adaptable labour market have the same economic ideology as liberalism. In recent years, neoliberalism has been associated with austerity measures and a reduction in government expenditure on social programs in order to reduce the size of the federal government. The EU’s actions in Greece may be used as a textbook illustration of how neoliberalism operates in the modern world. As part of the EU’s reaction to Greece’s financial crisis, the nation was required to undertake significant adjustments in return for a “bailout.” Changes in taxes and expenditure are part of a strategy to bring the federal budget back into balance. Clearly, the disadvantages outweigh the positives in neo-liberalism.
In the domains of economics and social sciences, neoliberalism is a new policy concept. That is, environmental control will be transferred from the government to the private sector. In this country, there are no regulations governing how the environment is governed. Conservative and libertarian economic policies are diametrically opposed. Liberals aim to liberate the economy by removing growth hurdles, whilst conservatives prefer to let the economy run its own course. According to this viewpoint, neoliberalism has a lot of potential to enhance the economy since it prioritizes private ownership, free markets, stable exchange rates, and the expansion of the tax revenue base. One of the finest aspects of neoliberalism is that it does not put nations at risk of recession. As a consequence, firms and manufacturers may offer their products to more nations and enterprises, resulting in higher revenues for everyone involved.
Supporting free markets in sectors such as health and education is incorrect because they are non-profit services. The free market does not operate properly since it ignores and disregards aspects including the education and health sectors in an economy. If a country adopts a free market strategy, it may to increases in the inequalities and underfunding of the most critical institutions in a country for the long-standing monetary progress.
Over the last few decades, neoliberal policies have resulted in rising wealth and income disparities. For example, countries in the world have seen less government involvement in social activities and embraced the concept of free trade leading to more privatization and economic progress. Consequently, competent individuals can earn more money, but low-skilled workers in flexible labour markets are more likely to have their salaries remain constant. Monopolies can produce more money for their owners by depriving customers of their products. There are firms that can keep salary increases under control.
One of the most crucial aspects of neoliberalism is that policies that work well in one place may not work well in another. If a country has the power to lower interest rates, for example, it will reduce the amount of money borrowed by the government. This would benefit the country (fiscal austerity). For example, residing in a nation with a low interest rate, such as Australia, the costs of austerity may well outweigh the advantages. Without an umbrella format that provides a guideline to countries, neoliberalism is essentially flawed and manipulative.
In filmmaking, a variety of camera angles are utilized to improve the story,
HYPERLINK “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdQsLwjG-to”
Casablanca Directed by Michael Curtis
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HYPERLINK “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdQsLwjG-to”
Casablanca Directed by Michael Curtis
In filmmaking, a variety of camera angles are utilized to improve the story, subject, and overall mood of the picture. Each scene is generally photographed in a certain way by the cinematographer (Prince, 2012). As a result, they want to express the entire meaning of their film through each frame, making the camera angle in each scene crucial. There are various camera angles available in filmmaking that can help an individual achieve their desired narrative objective for the film, ranging from basic to complex camera views. Examples of popular camera shots include high angle; A high-angle shot represents a cinematography strategy in which the camera looks down from above on the subject. This shot is designed to make the individual or item underneath appear weak, helpless, or defenseless. Low angle; this is When the camera is positioned low on the vertical axis, below the level of the eyeliner, and looks up at an object or subject above. The over the shoulder shot, which is usually framed as a medium or close-up, is used to define the eye line of where each character in the scene is looking.
In the movie Casablanca that Michael Curtis directed, the cinematographers used different camera angles to portray different emotions and scenes. Mostly, in the scene (Link to External Site), the camera angle utilized is over the shoulder camera angle. As the two characters (Female and male) were conversing, we are presented a close shot at the shoulders’ range to capture the conversation (Labe, 2017) fully. Also, the female actor looked at the other actor in a suggestive manner which is why it was shot at close range as they needed the viewers to comprehend.
The lighting in the room also portrayed a sombre environment, with the shifting lights also bringing some sense of romance and love. The movies aspect ratio also portrayed the feeling of closeness and brought clarity for viewers.
References
Labbé, J. (2017, October 28). Casablanca, by Michael Curtiz (1942) – Play it, Sam. Play. [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdQsLwjG-toPrince, R. (2012). Movies and Meaning, 6th edition Stephen R. Prince (6th Edition, Vol. 13). Pearson publishers.
Interpersonal-Conflict-in-Film-2-2
Interpersonal Conflict in Film
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Interpersonal Conflict in Film
The process by which messages are shared between two or more people is called Interpersonal communication. Haggis P. directed Crash is an intense film which mainly portrays the conflicts that arise between individuals who come from different backgrounds. A variety of situations are involved which show the conflicts between people and struggles in racial discrimination arising due to racial discrimination in the modern Los Angeles. Out of these situations the one which caught my attention the most was the miscommunication between the locksmith and the store owner, which later leads to retaliation. The conflict grows with the store owner’s failure at understanding what the lock smith was trying to communicate.. In this paper, I will identify the conflict that occurred in interpersonal communication and that it was not handled properly and will also describe how it could be handled properly and differently to prevent it from occurring.
The conflict starts with the storeowner whose name is Farhad, hiring Daniel the locksmith for replacing the “broken lock of his door. Daniel replaces the broken lock as he was asked to do and then tries to explain to Farhad that it was not the lock that was broken but the door and it needed repair. However Farhad misinterpreted Daniel because of lingual differences and thought that Daniel was trying to take advantage and due to this an argument ensues. Farhad refuses to pay for the lock because the door was still broken even when Daniel tries to make it clear that he could only repair locks and not doors. Daniel in this case tries to clarify that someone should be called to repair the door, but Farhad again misunderstands him and does not listen to what he is saying.
Farhad refuses to pay for the lock since the door is still broken even though Daniel makes several attempts to explain that he only repairs locks, not doors. Daniel clarifies that it was necessary to call someone else to repair the door, but Farhad does not listen.
Farhad, on returning to his store, the next day, realizes that he had been vandalized. He puts the blame on Daniel and returns to his house later with a gun with the purpose to seek revenge. As Daniel returns home, an altercation begins between them. While they stand there arguing outside, Daniel’s young daughter runs outside behind his ignoring his scream when he asks her to remain inside. While Farhad is firing the gun at Daniel, she jumps straight into her father’s arms. Daniel holds his daughter in his hands and starts to cry. Farhad is struck at what he had done. He drops his gun. But, fortunately, the bullets loaded in the gun were blank. The girl opened her eyes and asked her father if he was alright. Daniel is relieved to find her alright. He goes inside with his daughter, but Farhad is still shocked at what he had done.
She jumps into her father’s arms right as Farhad is firing a gun at her father. He grabbed his daughter and starts to cry. Farhad drops the gun in disbelief because of what he had done. Fortunately, the bullets that were shot were blanks. After awhile, the little girl looked up and asked her father if he was ok. Daniel is relived that his daughter is ok. Daniel went inside with his daughter and Farhad was in shock with what he had done.
In this scenario, due to the misinterpretation of the communication between Farhad and Daniel, it gave rise to an interpersonal conflict between them. Farhad had misunderstood completely when Daniel was trying to explain that he did not repair doors, but locks. The misunderstanding was due to two reasons, first due to the language barrier and second due to the racial tension. Farhad did not understand English well and tried to explain in his own language, but it gave rise to anger and tension between them. Farhad’s failure to communicate properly also makes the situation intense.
If in the given situation, Farhad had tried to listen carefully, it would have helped and the interpersonal conflict that occurred could have been prevented. According to Sole, K (2011), “Listening requires focus and attention, and failure to listen is one of the key causes of miscommunication”. The situation could also have been prevented if Farhad had not interrupted while Daniel was speaking and had let him explain it. Farhad while trying to dominate the conversation fails at communicating properly and thus it gives rise to an unnecessary argument. Also, since Farhad was being hostile while talking it made it difficult for both to make their point clear.
In my view empathic assertion would have helped at avoiding this conflict. According to Sole, K. (2011) “With an empathetic assertion, you state your own needs and wants but also recognize that the other person has needs or feelings as well”. Had they been more empathic towards each other the situation could have been handled properly. Moreover, after Daniel noticed that Farhad is upset about his lock, he could have responded in a different manner by explaining his understanding for Farhad’s reasons for acting so aggressively. Frhad too, in the case should have responded differently and remained calm instead of shouting at Daniel which had resulted in the intense argument.
Interpersonal Communication takes place in various styles and is a way to communicate our messages between one another. The conflict between Farhad and Daniel could not be handled properly and therefore, ends with retaliation because of a simple miscommunication. This lack of communication could not happened, had Farhad and Daniel communicated appropriately and clearly, in a calm manner. I believe that interpersonal communication is significant for developing and maintaining healthy relationships.
References:
Haggis, P. (Director). (2004). Crash [Film]. Los Angeles: Bob Yari Productions.
Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUCOM200.11.1/sections/sec2.5?search=miscommunication#w16514” https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUCOM200.11.1/sections/sec2.5?search=miscommunication#w16514