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Industrial Culture
Industrial Culture
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Socialism should incorporate human rights but not property rights. The middle (bourgeoisie) and lower class (proletariat) continued to develop. The low class earned their living from work were vulnerable to market fluctuations. The machine development and division of labor has adversely affected their work decreasing their wages. They have become slaves and have neither sex nor age difference because everyone labors and exploited by the higher social classes. The lower category of the middle class has receded to the low class due to lack of capital and technology. The lower class has struggled with the middle class as individual laborer and as a group of workers against the exploitation. The workers however, were disorganized, geographically apart and competed with each other. They formed unions under middle class’ influence thus furthered their objectives.
However industrial developments have resulted to increase in proletariat who are strong and concentrated. They have become closer and have formed associations and trade unions. This has been facilitated by the developed communication thus nationalizing the struggle. Marx’s points out proletariats are the only revolutionary class while others are conservative and fights to preserve their positions. Proletariats lack properties to expand or safeguard and therefore has no subjection over the other classes. They destroy all means of attaining private property. They are vast majority and acts in their interest. Their struggle is a national one since the civil war through their open revolution to their conguering the middle class. This formed a base of the society through class oppression due to sustainable existence and steadiness. In the present time, laborers are being deteriorated in status and have become extremely poor. This shows that the middle class cannot rule since they cannot guarantee their existence and are falling while proletariats are succeeding. Modern laborer has become a machine and what he produces is what matters while their wages reflects exploitation (Marx & Engels, 2002).
Communist’s movement aims at overthrowing the bourgeois supremacy and private property rights abolition. Laborers acquires no property through their labor but are instead are exploited by the capital or labor they produce. The bourgeoisie owns power as a common property socially which is threatened by the communist. Marx points out that communism do not restrain people from use of products of their labor but restrains the subjugation of others in the process. He claims that philosophy and religion are based on existence of the people. Those ideas that prevail serve the ruling class’ interest. This shows that the ruling class structures the society by the rules they make and serves their own interest. Property rights are glorified by the bourgeoisie due to the fact that they are the owners. Proletariat abolishes class antagonism and eventually their class supremacy.
Marx views revolution where workers would be rulers and struggle to abolish private property. Communism portrays history as a force that is unchangeable and one that has morally desirable results. Critics of communism are harshly addressed by Marx in a sarcastic manner. If private property is abolished, some claim that there will be no workers and communism would end up destroying the intellectual products. However, Marx claims that workers acquire nothing while those who acquirers never works. He points out that class culture disappearance is different from all culture disappearance. Communists aim at freeing the property from the ruling class. Communists have been criticized to aim at abolishing nationality and a country but Marx claims that the workers have no country and national differences are insignificant where industrialization has continued to standardize people’s life.
Reference
Marx Karl, Engels Friedrich. (2002). The Communist Manifesto. England; Penguin Classics
In a world of abundance, food waste is a crime
In a world of abundance, food waste is a crime
Danielle Nierenberg and Abby MasseyUSA Today. (June 16, 2010): News: p11A.
Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2010 USA Today
http://www.usatoday.com/ListenFull Text:
Byline: Danielle Nierenberg; Abby Massey
What does the U.S. have in common with countries in sub-Saharan Africa?
Both waste large, obscene amounts of food. Better knowledge and technology would reduce food waste, deter environmental damage and, especially in that region of the African continent, reduce the number of people who go hungry each day.
In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 265 million people are hungry, heightening the travesty of the food waste problem. More than a quarter of the food produced in Africa spoils before it is eaten. HYPERLINK “http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.gc.maricopa.edu/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&u=mcc_glendale&id=GALE|A229688503&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&userGroup=mcc_glendale&authCount=1” o “Related articles for’Farmers'” Farmersbattle post-harvest losses caused by severe weather, disease and pests, or poor harvesting and storage techniques. Annual post-harvest losses for cereal grains, roots and tuber crops, fruits, vegetables, meat, milk and fish amount to some 100 million tons, or $48 million worth of food.
Preventive measures
To prevent these losses in Africa and elsewhere, the United Nations’ Food and HYPERLINK “http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.gc.maricopa.edu/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&u=mcc_glendale&id=GALE|A229688503&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&userGroup=mcc_glendale&authCount=1” o “Related articles for’Agriculture'” AgricultureOrganization (FAO) is trying to provide the information and technology to begin turning this tide:
*In Kenya, the FAO partnered with the Kenya Ministry of Agriculture to train farmers to take steps to reduce corn crop loss to mycotoxin, a devastating result of fungi growth.
*In Afghanistan, the FAO recently provided metallic silos to roughly 18,000 households to improve storage of cereal grains and legumes, protecting them from the weather and pests. Losses have dropped from 15%-20% to less than 1%-2%.
Americans, of course, are blessed by an abundance of food. But that fact makes our waste all the more inexcusable.
Every day, the average American throws away about one-and-a-half pounds of food. Slightly wilted lettuce, half-eaten cheeseburgers, bruised apples end up in the trash instead of our stomachs. Better to buy and cook less food, and compost the rest. Although it doesn’t sound like much, those nearly one-and-a-half pounds add up — 31 million tons end in landfills or incinerators each year. That’s roughly equivalent to the weight of 74 Golden Gate bridges. These dumps are not only unsightly, they produce 34% of the methane in the U.S. — a greenhouse gas more than 20 times as potent as carbon dioxide.
U.S. household waste
The waste goes well beyond households. Four percent to 10% of food purchases become waste in restaurants before ever reaching the customer.
Although, unlike sub-Saharan Africa, the United States has the technology to preserve harvested crops, too much of a harvest is left by farm equipment on the field to rot. To feed the hungry in the U.S., organizations such as the Society of St. Andrews recruit volunteers to visit farms after a harvest to glean, or pick up, the perfectly good produce left behind. In 2009, they were able to save and distribute 15.7 million pounds of produce.
Groups such as Food Runners, a non-profit in San Francisco run entirely by volunteers, deliver an estimated 10 tons of food each week to hungry people; otherwise, it would have been wasted. Taken from coffee shops, restaurants and supermarkets, this salvaged sustenance is used in shelters, soup kitchens, senior centers and other locations.
The U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa, now that they are catching up with other countries in this regard, can serve as models for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste. We can show the world how to feed its people while protecting the earth, too.
Danielle Nierenberg is co-project director of the Worldwatch Institute’s Nourishing the Planet project (www.nourishingtheplanet.org). Abby Massey is a research intern who will be an M.A. candidate in American University’s Global Environmental Politics program.
Danielle Nierenberg; Abby Massey
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
Nierenberg, Danielle, and Abby Massey. “In a world of abundance, food waste is a crime.” USA Today, 16 June 2010, p. 11A. General OneFile, libproxy.gc.maricopa.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&sw=w&u=mcc_glendale&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA229688503&it=r&asid=d73de72facea0034c2c0f7b74fdb2533. Accessed 17 Nov. 2016.Gale Document Number: GALE|A229688503
12 Years a Slave
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ARTH 334 6210
May 23, 2014
12 Years a Slave
In 12 Years a Slave, Steve McQueen blends hostility and passion simultaneously during the duration of the film to produce a sense of time passing slowly. One particular scene in which this is evident is when Tibeats (Paul Dano), an abusive slave driver sings a racist song while overseeing the cotton fields and then there is a quick transition to Solomon Northup (Chiwetel Ejiofor), an African American slave playing a fiddle to perform a classical piece of music. This draws the audience in, producing a sense that not only time but also progress for Solomon has slow down drastically and there is no escape for him to return to freedom.
Memorable and single shots drawn out to lengths enable the audience to become quiescent in observing the realities and brutal action of inequality long after the initial shock. A memorable scene involves the camera focusing on Solomon in the far right corner of the screen as he looks out into the distance. There is no music being played and you are unable to identify what he is looking at. His body language along with the camera shot resonates a sense of being powerless and hopeless towards regaining his freedom. Similar shots occur repeatedly throughout the film producing a painful lingering and sometime uncomfortable feeling as you wait for the next event. In particular the scene in which Solomon is hung from a tree and he prevents suffocation by remaining on the tips of his toes. The camera shot is set at a distance so that the audience can see the other slaves meandering in the background. It also captures their lack of interest depicting this event as the norm. Once again the audience must witness this event as the camera shot is held for a few seconds making it seem like eternity.
The intermixed shots found throughout the film such as that of the cotton fields, streams, trees and other elements of nature demonstrates how time and Mother Nature continues on despite the injustice and inequalities of the world. The long drawn out camera shot provides emotion but also appreciation for which Steve McQueen developed the film. McQueen’s camera shots are plentiful but are not over worked and are very effective in eliciting an emotional response with the audience. Finally there are times in which the different camera shots assist in providing perspective from the different characters’ points of view.
12 Years A Slave. Dir. Steve McQueen. Perf. Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael K. Williams, Michael Fassbender. 20th Century Fox, 2013. Film.