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Changes in Breathing Patterns During Exercise
Changes in Breathing Patterns During Exercise
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Changes in Breathing Patterns During Exercise
Exercise is part of daily life as every physical activity, from planned sports, exercise training, and hobbies such as walking and cycling to daily activities such as cleaning and gardening, count as exercise (Banerjee, 2022). Exercise alters breathing patterns, respiratory rate, and tidal volume in an individual. According to Lu et al. (2020), breathing patterns and timing differ from one exercise to the other. Most breathing patterns are based on regulating the pressure build-u during inhalation, while the other patterns are aimed at maximizing oxygen uptake by the body when exercising. This paper discusses the changes in breathing patterns that occur when exercising.
When the body is at rest, the breathing pattern is 500mL per breath, 12 breaths per minute, and ventilation of 6 L/min (Hallett et al., 2018). Also, inhalation happens for one to one and a half minutes and exhalation for one and a half to two seconds. In between, there is an automatic pause of almost no breathing that takes one to two seconds. This breathing pattern is known as Eupnea. Exercising changes breathing patterns from Eupnea to hyperpnea. The breathing pattern changes when one starts an exercise to hyperpnea. Hypernea entails breathing more deeply in order to increase air volume to meet the body’s metabolic needs. Usually, hyperpnea may or may not involve a change in breathing frequency. Usually, when one is exercising, the muscles work harder, and the body utilizes more oxygen and releases more carbon dioxide. In order to cope with this increased oxygen demand, an individual breathing rate increases from 12-15 breaths per minute when at rest to about 40-60 breaths when exercising. Also, the speed of air circulation increases so that the body takes up more oxygen to the muscles to keep them moving. Breathing patterns during exercise can be affected by other factors that impair respiratory function, resulting in a pattern of quick and shallow breathing.
Although exercising causes changes in breathing patterns, it is important to note that breathing patterns differ with different exercises. The pattern breathing for runners has been found to be different. They tend where to breathe with patterns of steps, both for inhaling and exhaling. The logic is that the movement of the body and respiratory organs is timed. The breathing is also different with variations in gender. When comparing the body dimensions, males during exercise have been found to have higher resting breathing patterns than females (Cory et al., 2015).
References
Banerjee, M. (2022). Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Rate among College Going Females Having Different Body Composition. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, 2(1), 25–28.
Cory, J. M., Schaeffer, M. R., Wilkie, S. S., Ramsook, A. H., Puyat, J. H., Arbour, B., … & Guenette, J. A. (2015). Sex differences in the intensity and qualitative dimensions of exertional dyspnea in physically active young adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(9), 998-1006. https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjapplphysiol.00520.2015Lu, Y., Li, P., Li, N., Wang, Z., Li, J., Liu, X., & Wu, W. (2020). Effects of home-based breathing exercises in subjects with COPD. Respiratory care, 65(3), 377-387. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.07121Hallett, S., Toro, F., & Ashurst, J. V. (2018). Physiology, tidal volume.
MOVIE review In the Man of Steel movie
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In the Man of Steel movie, 2013, the plot portrays the entanglement of human capabilities and superpowers. A young person, Kal-El, learns of his extreme powers and discovers that he has never belonged to the earth. As a young man, he goes to a peculiar journey in order to uncover his belonging. In the event of this search, he realizes that his heritage entangles between the earth and the space. As a result, he utilizes extreme powers towards values that his parents endowed. In the whole of the movie, Kal-El strives to balance his earthly identity with his superpower mien.
To begin with, the man of steel resides in a lone and dark place that is referred to as Fortress of Solitude. In the case of Winnie, being a lone kind is an interesting idea. When the entire planet blows up and one’s parents die after birth, being the last of a generation becomes a peculiar thing. In this perspective, Superman does an unfamiliar thing when he uncovers his identity. He goes to a sterile and a creepy place that is off the earth planet. In the weird place, Kal-El’s friends are holograms who have sprung from the past. It is a peculiar idea that Kal-El strives to balance his earthly living place and the space upon which he interacts with his previously concealed side. In the cave, he interacts with aliens that possess equally extreme powers.
In addition, Superman strives to contend with the idea he cannot improve. At his birth, he shares extreme powers that possess limited capacity for improvement. This is the reason his powers does not excite as an individual. Superman needs to be like other human beings who strive towards perfection. By realizing his imperfection, he cannot easily interact with other children who fancy such powers. This leads him towards a secrecy that he only reveals to one of his friends. By possessing extreme qualities, he lets down his friends because he cannot grow as them.
Superman also strives to contend with the idea that he cannot settle with any individual. Superman has friends who have normal girlfriends. The strange idea is that the girls are normal human beings who might fear the powers of an extreme individual such as Kal-El. Superman cannot hold a normal relationship because his attempts make him sit on snow, while bleeding and crying.
Superman’s character swings between a soft-speaking individual and a strong person who expresses extreme powers. This suggests that the character is inherently dark. As an alien, he strives to integrate his dark background with the humanly ideals that his parents instill. Kal-El also strives to remain obedient while he secretly possesses alien powers that he does not expect to intimidate his earthly parents with the same. Striving to hide under a clam exterior is an exasperating experience that splits Kal-El between two personalities.
According to the background of Kal-El, he is supposed to a beastly character that endangers the human population. He, however, reconciles this idea by opting to save his planet. While Zod belongs to the original race of Kal-El, the superman judges him by his character. Having realized that Zod devoured and destroyed his parentage, he is bound to exterminate him and prevent his powers from suppressing the human population. This is a difficult task that involves reconciling his two extreme parts into a useful personality.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory
Advantages and Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory
Holland’s theory has been well integrated into multicultural counseling practice and is the most widely researched theory globally. Since it provides a piece of evidence for incorporation of strong interest inventory when interacting with diverse populations through assessment of the social structure of interests across diverse racial/ethnic populations and finding the similarity in ideological perception in working areas (Sue et al., 2022). John L. Holland’s theory was primarily established to address vocational issues across diverse people. Research states that Holland’s theory is based on four basic assumptions that designate how occupational interests are developed. These major assumptions include; realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (Hartmann et al., 2021). The theories have advantages and disadvantages, and Holland’s theory is not different.
Advantages of Holland’s Theory
One of the greatest strengths of John Holland’s theory is that the theory is oversimplified and people especially counselors, can easily understand and comprehend it. Holland’s theory incorporates a model to organize occupational interest assessment. Additionally, the theory consists of RIASEC type code, the basis of four assumptions that have been simplified and integrated into various assessment instrument tools. For instance, the RIASEC type code has been integrated with modern technology to provide computer-assisted guidance programs. However, effective training and application of Holland’s theory and typology positively impact counseling practices (Sue et al., 2022).
Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory
The major weakness of this theory is based on Holland’s statement that the theory lies in the formulation of stability and variation. This indicates that people’s perceptions can be affected by psychological, social, environmental, economic, and situational factors. And as a result, they end up causing variances in the results, thus affecting the stability of the results and typology (Davlembayeva et al., 2021).
References
Davlembayeva, D., Papagiannidis, S., & Alamanos, E. (2021). Sharing economy platforms: An equity theory perspective on reciprocity and commitment. Journal of Business Research, 127, 151-166.
Hartmann, F. G., Heine, J. H., & Ertl, B. (2021). Concepts and coefficients based on John L. Holland’s theory of vocational choice—Examining the R package holland. Psych, 3(4), 728-750.
Sue, D. W., Sue, D., Neville, H. A., & Smith, L. (2022). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.