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Types of Racism
Types of Racism
Institution
Student’s Name
Answer to Question 1
Institutional racism can be described as any form or system of inequality based on racial differences and occurring in institutions like private businesses or corporations, public institutions, as well as schools and universities whether private or public. Racism is said to b any action initiated intentionally or unintentionally based on race or skin color leading to subordination of individual or a group of individuals, base on racial difference like skin or racial origin. Individual Racism is enhanced individually or institutionally.
Political Racism is a kind of racism embedded on politics. People would support one political party or politician based on racial aspects such as skin color and origin. Political racism would also involve discrimination of a certain political group due to racial traits especially skin color, language, and places or origin. In this case, anything to do with politics would be characterized by racial discrimination.
Economic racism is racism involving economic differences brought about by racial differences. Economic racism result to unequal distribution of economic resources with those people of the least preferred race is discriminated in terms of the distribution of economic resources. Economic racism would also involve discrimination some racial groups based on economic resources such as job availability, prices, wages, and the availability of economic goods or services.
Housing racism is the discrimination of a certain racial group or individual by showing discrimination of people based on a status of a protected class. Discrimination of a certain race group or individual in terms of housing can be on the various types of housing including rental racism, sales racism, lending racism, or mortgage racism. People of a certain race would be discriminated against getting access to some housing facilities and services.
Legal discrimination is the racial discrimination is the legal system. In prisons, some people would be treated unfairly. The aspect of the criminal judicial system to convict some people because of their skin color or other racial differences is referred to as legal discrimination.
Educational racism is the discrimination of some individuals or a group of individuals due to their racial characteristics. People of color, for instance, would be discriminated in educational institution by being denied access to some facilities accessed by the white students. Discrimination of students by educational leaders and instructors is common among some American schools and colleges.
Culture racism involves cultural practices that despise the application of a particular culture in such practices on claims that they belong to a particular race. Some racially discriminated groups of individuals would be barred from practicing a particular culture because they posses some unique and undesired racial traits. Cultural discrimination is common and it is shown by people who consider one culture inferior against the other culture based on racial factors.
Medical racism involve the priority that one is given in hospitals and other health facilities based on their skin color, language, or other racial traits. Medical racism can lead to discrimination in health facilities where some people would not be allowed to use certain health facilities because they are from a despised race. Other people would not be willing to seek medical attention from a particular facility because of discrimination against the medical professionals in the health facility.
Answer to Question 2
Racism and prejudice are two different social practices. Racism involves practices and actions that reflect the beliefs that portray humanity as being divided into distinct groups that are biologically different. Racism involves the consideration of members of a certain group as having certain traits different from members of other groups. These differences make some groups less valuable, inferior or less desirable while at the same time, another group is taken as the most desirable and superior over other groups. Racism involves discrimination of the less desirable or inferior group based on the group’s racial characteristics. Racism involves discrimination and prejudice based on racial traits with racial discrimination involving discrimination based on cultural differences or ethnic basis. Racism brings about superiority of one race against other races making it difficult for these races considered inferior to survive in a given environment. Racism is morally condemnable, dangerous, and socially unjust. This aspect of racism makes it to have no justification whether in theory or in practice. On the other hand, prejudice is related to prejudgment. Prejudice involves making decisions before becoming sure or aware of the facts relevant to a particular case. The kind of prejudgment in this case is socially harmful and can involve making judgment on an individual without considering the facts on the ground about the person. Unlike racism which involve perception of a particular race as inferior and undesirable, prejudice involve preconceived judgments towards people based on gender, age, social class, disability, sexuality, religion, race, ethnicity, language, or nationality among other individual traits. Prejudice make some people have wrong, usually positive or negative, evaluation of other people. This social practice also involves unfounded belief and include unreasonable attitude that is purely based on rational influence. Prejudice is wide in scope since it would go beyond discrimination based on race to discrimination among people of the same race mainly due to physical or biological differences. It is based on the belief that a person with some specific traits has a higher ability that a person without the traits. The anatomy of racism unlike prejudice is based on personal differences that physical or cultural. Racism would only be brought into practice through prejudice whereby wrong judgments are made on people of a different race. This can be seen in the case whereby the white people are considered better in ability than people of color. Again, black people could be considered the most inferior. Cultural backgrounds such as the era of slave trade and the pre-colonial period cause all these differences and perceptions.
Answer to Question 3
White privilege is termed as a conceptual framework whose derivation is from the critical race theory. This theory is common and used to explain certain inequalities associated with ethnicity or race. White people understand that they have privileges over other individuals of different races. White people consider themselves as having better aspects that takes them to greater heights in development. They have cultural affirmations of their own worth and that privilege of having a greater presumed status socially and economically. The white people also have the privilege of moving freely, working freely, buying, and speaking freely. This concept of white privilege has an implication of the white people’s right to assume university of a person’s own experiences. This aspect makes other people see themselves as different from the white individuals and more to be less superior to the white people.
White privilege makes people of color less privileged and perceiving themselves as disadvantages whenever it comes to different freedoms and ability to move and speak freely. White privilege contributes to greater degree in racism. The existence of this concept in a racially built community affects the lives of the white people in various ways. White people would be viewed as indenting to take advantage of the white privilege concept to misuse other people’s privileges. This concept is mainly in existence in English speaking countries having histories of racial stratification specifically after colonialism. The white privilege has negatively affected the lives of other races socially and economically due to the privilege, the white people have to access more and better resources than other races in countries like North American countries and South Africa among other nations. The concept could be a function of reverse discrimination or racism. It generally results to problems of great heights such as social class differences and many problems associated with inequality.
Answer to Question 4
Reverse racism is discrimination against whites. Reverse racism could be done using programs, which are meant to advance the ethnic minorities through affirmative action. Reverse racism could have been known to exist in the United States but it has today turned out to be a myth. The existence of anti-racist activists in the United States has largely contributed to the inexistence of reverse racisms. People of color today hardly show discrimination against the white people. At the same time, the whites seem to dominate most of the United States and it becomes difficult to discriminate against the whites. The structure of the US government and its history has been benefiting the white and the same trend continues today. There is a strong believe by ant-racist activists that racism is not one individual’s belief of a particular race being more superior to other races. Defining racism incorporates the oppression of institutions. This aspect makes it difficult to exercise reverse racism in the United States. Again, the white people are the majority of the United States and it would too difficult for other races to discriminate against the white people in the country. White dominance is strong within institutions where the whites dominate as well. Given a situation where the whites would b discriminated by other races, the program has to start from the institutional level. Other races such as the African Americans and other people of color need to dominate the institutions and take over the privilege of the whites for reverse racism to exist, which is almost difficult and impossible. These aspects of white dominance and the history of the United States make it difficult for the existence of reverse racism since there is hardly any way of discriminating against the whites or initiating programs that bar them from access facilities used by people of color.
Answer to Question 5
The ideology of racism is the existence of human inequality. The paradox and notions of inequality among humans are the necessary preconditions to racism and its emergence. Racism is all about human inequality and victims of racism are blamed as having no power to stand for their rights. Their racial disadvantages such as being the minority or having undesirable traits place them into such racially compromising situations. When societies become premised on the assumptions of inequality, they may end up producing a hierarchy of social differences and thus create ground for human separations based on the races dominating the top positions in the hierarchy. In this situation, the less privileged societies become victims of racism and they can blame for their problems. Societies seem to have increased the notion and belief of all people having freedom and equality in which they have to strive to achieve based on their readily opportunities. The revolutionary ideas that were once about equal rights to all people are today widespread especially in the western countries. Racism arises because of contradictions between principles of egalitarian and exclusionary treatment of some ethnic groups. The ideology also extends to the issue of slaves coming to America. These slaves experienced the feeling of being inferior biologically and otherwise to themselves. The same principles have been extended to the African-Americans, who are descendants to these slaves in the United States. Since they still have the same notion of being inferior as compared to the whites, they end up being seen as inferior and discriminated against by the whites. The blacks in the US were once seen as representing a primitive race, which had low morale and lacked the aspect of civilization. They only had little intelligence and some of them still hold the same notion today. If they get out of this notion, they would be in a better position to become better off and avoid the racial discrimination of the whites.
Answer to Question 6
Racial discrimination is still persistent in the United States. The whites are too discriminative against people of color including African-Americans, Latino Americans, and other groups. Racism affects various races different. The races affected by racism include African Americans, Muslim Americans, Latino Americans, Jewish Americans, American Indians, Arab Americans, and other groups. For the African Americans, it seems that they are facing the greatest pinch of racism and racial discrimination. The whites discriminate against African Americans by being denied access t various sectors of the economy and political sectors in the United States. African American faces racial discrimination that lowers their dignity as American against other races. This aspect affects their lives negatively both socially and economically. Economically, the African Americans would be allowed access less facilities than most other races. Economically they would be less privileged to get good jobs, get the same economic opportunities as the whites, and get lower wage than the whites. The whites occupy most managerial positions in many US organizations.
The Latino Americans also have faced discrimination that affects them socially and economically. Socially, the Latino Americans would be isolated from the whites. This would bar their opportunities socially and economically. The whites take them to be as inferior as other races since pure American whites base their superiority to the superiority of the country. Latinos are among the minority groups that are discriminated in the US making it impossible for most of them to have good life. The same problem of racial discrimination affects other people of color like the Jewish American. These are sometimes confused to the Muslim Americans who are discriminated against due to the belief that most terrorists are Muslims. The Muslim Americans live in fear of being suspected to be terrorists and this bars their freedom socially and economically. This group is integrated with the Arab Americans who collectively are viewed as having negative ideology towards Americans and the United State as a country. Other groups like American Indians are viewed as less superior than the whites are and would be neglected in most of the development projects in various ways that would end up making them socially and economically inferior as compared to the American Whites.
Answer to Question 7
Racialization involves the process of producing racial identities in a discursive way. Racialization works by extending dehumanizing and racial practices or behavior in a given community. Racialization creates a condition where there is generation of unclassified relationships and significant racial social practices that creates a situation of considering on group as superior than the other groups based on racial distinctions. Racialization creates the notion of people to see various groups as different races especially when such groups were not seen as races before the Racialization phenomenon was created. Racialization could be of religion or Racialization of labor. In terms of religion, racialization would create an aspect of despise against some religions. Racialization of religion involves the notion that two or more religions are not equal and that one religion is more superior over the others. This notion is created by people basing their knowledge to the history o such religions. Racialization would work by accommodating individuals from other groups on condition that they have to accept their culture and religion but still could involve racism and discrimination. In this case, the racialized group would not have the freedom to take part in various activities. In the aspect of racialization of labor, there is the segregation as well as the appointment of workers based on perceived ethic differences. This practice would create a system of hierarchy in which employee arrangement could be based on their races.
Other than racialization, there is also the problem of whiteness. Whiteness is not a visible phenomenon but it is a concept whose creation is based on people’s beliefs and culture. Whiteness is created and shaped by the history of culture and beliefs as well as practices that are in line with social economic and legal policies of a country like the United States. Sometimes in the past, other communities such as the Jews immigrants to the US were seen as whites by the US naturalization and immigration service but this has changed, and the Jews are hardly considered as whites any more but people of color. The notion o being white is just a belief and a person is expected to have had native ancestors to be considered white.
Answer to Question 8
While race is socially accepted and applicable term, science has difficulties in proving the concept to b true. Scientific classification of organisms into various categories is easy with other organisms but it is a bit different with the humans. One concept behind this scientific failure is that humans are in a position to travel from one place to another and back to their original place making it possible to have gene flow among various groups of people that are socially considered to be of different races. The western people mainly use skin color to primarily describe people and group them into different races. The notion is incorrect to a certain extent since descendants in Africa would have the same physical traits as the descendants of Asia or other regions of the world. Again, an Asia descendant may have skin color and other physical traits that resemble people from the European countries and descendants of the United States of America. Other common feature that could bring in distinction includes hair texture as well as face shapes. Based on such traits, science can be used to create affirmatives on the notion of race. The problem is brought in by identifying the exact origin of a person in order to classify the person as of a specific race. A descendent of Africa with exact traits of a Native American will remain to be an African in which case science would not apply in this case. This means that a person would be considered of a certain race base on social beliefs based on the already defined traits used in identifying people of different race. A person with dirk skin and bold face would be classified as an African American while the whites can clearly distinguish themselves from other races.
Answer to Question 9
Internalizing racism is created in a society where racial practices and prejudice based on racial differences exist. The whites internalize racism by exercising racial prejudice in politics, in institutions, communities, and culturally. They internalize all aspects of race and consider other races as less privileged. The whites discriminate other racial minorities and make them absorb racial messages in a bombarding manner. The whites exercise their white supremacy in a way that create attention and draw the attention of other races into their minds. This aspect of white supremacy is sometimes attractive to other people of color who may end up adopting the ways of the white people. The white supremacy is absorbed by other people of color through a mindset that often result from a consideration of the whites as more superior. This kind of mindset leads to self-hatred. Other racial groups would end up hating their ways of life as well as hating their own people. The mindset makes their brains work in a way that considered the people of the same group as preferring to hang out with the white due the psychological aspect of hating their own race and cultural practices. Some people of color may go to an extent of changing their physical identity through medical or plastic surgery as a way of resembling the whites and joining the whiteness concept. Other than adopting the white culture, some members of the minority races suffering from an internalized racism would do anything possible to loathe their physical characteristics, which would make them distinct from other members of their own group racially. Their brains are set in a way that would makes them believe the white as superior and they would avoid associating with their own group due to various reasons emanating from the whiteness concept and beliefs. Internalized racism is caused by issues of the surrounding environment and communities in which people grow. The kind of environment set their minds in a way that people stop worrying about their smartness and change their behavior towards achievement of a different behavior and getting smatter like their beliefs are towards the whites. The brain works from its aspect of being the center of thoughts, ideas, feeling, decisions, and beliefs, which guide individuals’ lives. The whites attract other minority groups and make them accept their way of life by using this concept. The mindset could as well be constructed and embedded in the minds of students at school and college by educators. The interaction of faculty, white stuff, and other educators is done in a way that perpetuates racist dynamics and model them in the minds of their colleagues and students of color. The social interactions and all activities involving mental development change the minds of people of color to belief in white supremacy in that the white culture is greater and superior to their own culture. These minority groups find that the only way to become superior is to adopt their way.
Answer to Question 10
In the US, racialization, racial inferiority, and racial superiority are shaped in various ways. Racialization is shaped through the initiation of dehumanizing practices by the superior races, specifically the whites, against the commonly considered inferior races like the African American racial group. It is commonly found that domination of the US economy and politics is on the side of the White Americans with only a few individuals from other races taking part in key positions economically and politically. This happens with the exception of the current African American president, whose election and re-election as the first black American could be associated with a changing ideology of the American people against some races especially the African American race. The whites considered themselves the most superior race due to their historical origin, technological advancements, and economy. The racial superiority is brought about by historical believe and economic aspects since the whites control most of the US economy. Race inferiority is also historical. The blacks are considered inferior due to the notion that their origin in the United States was through the slave trade hundreds of years in the past. These groups of people also consider the ancestral origin to be poor and given that the blacks were less intelligent than the whites were, they are considered an inferior race. Some even have the notion within them and can hardly to have any superior ideas against the whites making the notion to persist. Other races would be considered inferior to the white Americans because of the belief that their physical traits point at some origins, which are less developed economically than their ‘foreign’ land, the United States. This aspect also makes them feel inferior and a few would attempt to fight for some economic resources or political position in the United States. This makes the white keep on dominating the US as their ancestral country.
Answer to Question 11
Most of the theories studying race issue in America revolve around blackness and whiteness. The aspect of whiteness and blackness involve sociological and psychological creation. While the distinction between black and white is through physical characteristics of individuals, there is more into the way whiteness and blackness are created. The aspect of being white is associated with a kind of supremacy. Whiteness is only created through racism, as a matter of interests and attitudes. The whites create a kind of social boundary from the basis of property and personal pigment. The same thing happens to blackness. While the issue of white supremacy exists in the US, black supremacy as well takes place. Whiteness is created from a personal feeling of being superior to the blacks and probably other races due to physical, economical, and social differences. Whiteness would involve prejudice and could result to social problems like unlikelihood of intermarriage between the blacks and whites. Only a few successful marriages between black and white partners exist in the US today. The differences in such marriages could be brought about by outside forces based on racial differences and the concepts of whiteness and blackness. Whiteness is structured as an advantage that could produce unfair gains or unearned rewards for the white generations while creating impositions to impeded asset accumulation. Other benefits from the idea of whiteness in the United States include better opportunities in housing facilities, better chances of acquiring good employment, and access to good health care provided an individual is white. Whiteness is therefore taken to be an important asset that would place an individual in a better position in life in the expense of other individuals. Whiteness is embedded to weakness in laws and civil rights. It is also constructed from the dimensions of economic aspects like economic reconstruction as well as deindustrialization. The same concept is based on job discrimination, environmental racism, as well as school segregation. Blackness is also constructed from the same concepts but its extent is less in terms of scope and popularity. Blackness would be constructed from the basis of culture and language, school segregation, and social boundaries. In both cases, there is feeling of detestation between the two groups. Those strongly embedded to whiteness or blackness would hardly have anything in common or show any freedom of free social interaction.
Types of Pollutions
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the tainting of characteristic air by stirring up of it with numerous diverse sullying particles including chemicals, destructive exhaust and so forth. This sort of pollution dependably carries on as an issue danger, prompting respiratory pollutions, heart illnesses, strokes and so on. Other wellbeing impacts because of air pollution incorporate asthma and heart conditions. The toxins for air pollution are isolated into two classes. The primary kind of poisons known as essential pollutions are those which are created from a certain methodology like the smoke emitted from the vehicles. The second kind of poisons are termed as the auxiliary pollutions and these are the ones which are created because of the response of essential toxins with common air.
Distinctive pollutions influence the air in diverse structures. Like the response of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides brings about the creation of corrosive downpour. The vehicles, from their fumes frameworks, give out the part of carbon monoxide which has an unfavorable impact on the air (Schwartz et al,. 2010).
Water Pollution
It is characterized as the consistent expansion of poisons to the water bodies bringing about pollution of the water. This makes the concerned water unfavorable for the utilization for both people and monetarily and is left as an issue just. The defiled water when blended with a greater water body brings about the unfavorable effect on the oceanic species. The significant pretended in the tainting of water is by the different mechanical chemicals and squanders that are tossed into the water body without sufficient treatment and hence sullying the water. The high temperature liquids antagonistically influence the warm condition of the water and lead to the staining of regular clean water.
Soil Pollution
Essentially, the dirt pollution alludes to the stirring up of soil with the materials which are sufficiently strong to influence the common soil when stirred up with it in more than satisfactory extents. The expansion of the polluted particles to soil happens both because of the human and common exercises in which the previous has significant influence. The most imperative element prompting soil pollution is the always expanding number of development locales in today’s reality. The hurtful chemicals which are utilized as a part of these development exercises hurt the nature’s domain both amid the development furthermore after the development has been finished.
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is the era of sounds that are bothering and have a high pitch as contrasted with the listening to abilities of people. The essential wellsprings of this kind of pollution are the machines that are broadly found in the commercial enterprises and the transportation frameworks. Likewise, the noisy clamor made by boisterous music and other building exercises can likewise help this pollution prompting cardiovascular impacts and other undesirable wellbeing impacts for the people. The requirement for preventive measures for clamor pollution has dependably been there and this in a manner has brought about the development of half and half vehicles which are less loud than other contemporary vehicles.
Thermal Pollution
The increment in the temperature of a water framework by any methods is termed as warm pollution. The fundamental wellspring of this sort of pollution is through making utilization of water as an issue in commercial ventures which incorporates the transfer of high temperature produced by the modern courses of action to the water and consequently bringing about the increment of temperature of this water.
Pollution Control Methods in UAE
The control of the discharge of different particulates into the earth in order to cut down the level of the pollution is termed as pollution control. The primary steps that can be followed in this respect incorporate reusing and reusing the items that can be utilized a couple times so the waste delivered from them doesn’t exhaust the nature’s domain (Dominici, Peng, Barr & Bell, 2010). Additionally the waste water that is to be tossed into the water bodies from the commercial ventures ought to be dealt with first to cut down its dangerous nature which represents a risk to the oceanic regular species. Additionally the measure of crude material that is to be utilized ought to be utilized as a part of a sufficient amount so it brings about low era of the waste sum which is blended with the natural operators later. Separated from these, legitimate clamor and smoke precipitators ought to be accustomed to cut down the measure of deadly smoke and commotion created to help secure the nature’s territory. This will help in the reduction of pollution of all type in United Arab Emirates.
References
Dominici, F., Peng, R. D., Barr, C. D., & Bell, M. L. (2010). Protecting human health from air pollution: shifting from a single-pollutant to a multi-pollutant approach. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 21(2), 187.
Madrigano, J., Baccarelli, A., Wright, R. O., Suh, H., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P. S., & Schwartz, J. (2010). Air pollution, obesity, genes and cellular adhesion molecules. Occupational and environmental medicine, 67(5), 312-317.
Types of papers and their Structure
Essay
Title page (free)
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Reference (works cited) page (free)
Essay must be well structured and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. But, above all, it must consist of your ideas about literary texts. Essays are concise, and require clarity in purpose and direction. This means that there is no room for the student’s thoughts to wander or stray from the purpose.
Case Study
Case study presents an account of what happened to a business or industry over a number of years. It chronicles the events that managers had to deal with, such as changes in the competitive environment, and charts the managers’ response, which usually involved changing the business- or corporate-level strategy. Title page (free).
Book Review
Book review tells not only what the book is about, but must also successfully express the message or theme of the book.Professors often assign book reviews as practice in careful analytical reading. As a reviewer, you bring together two strands of accurate, analytical reading and strong, personal response when you indicate what the book is about and what it might mean to a reader (by explaining what it meant to you). In other words, reviewers answer not only the WHAT but the SO WHAT question about a book. Thus, in writing a review, you combine the skills of describing what is on the page, analyzing how the book tried to achieve its purpose, and expressing your own reactions.
Movie Review
Movie review. Before you even see the movie, get to know a little about it. What have the actors and director worked on before? Maybe check out some of their past work. Are they Oscar winners? Are they known for a certain style?Is the movie based on a book or an historical event? Is it a remake or a sequel? Look into those kind of things. All of this information will help you understand the movie better. You’ll pick up on details, allusions, trademarks of the actor or director, and probably have more insight into important story elements. You’ll be able to tell readers how it lived up to the original, say, or the book.
Book Report
Title (free)
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Reference (works cited) page (free)
Book reports can take on many different forms. Three types of effective book reports are plot summaries, character analyses, and theme analyses. Always include the following elements in any book report:
the type of book report you are writing
the title of the book
the author of the book
the time when the story takes place
the location where the story takes place
the names and a brief description of each of the characters you will be discussing
many quotations and examples from the book to support your opinions
A Plot Summary
When you are writing a plot summary for your book report you don’t need to retell the story. You need to explain what your opinion is of the story and why you feel the plot is so compelling, or unrealistic, or sappy. It is the way you analyze the plot that will make this a good report.
A Character Analysis
Explore the way a character dresses and what impression that leaves with the reader. What positive characteristics does the character possess? Try taking examples of dialogue and analyzing the way a character speaks. Discuss the words he/she chooses and the way his/her words affect other characters. Tie all of your observations together by explaining the way the characters make the plot move forward.
Themes
Try bringing some of your thoughts and feelings as a reader into the report as a way to show the power of a theme. Before you discuss your own thoughts, however, be sure to establish what the theme is and how it appears in the story.
Explain exactly what theme you will be exploring in your book report.
Use quotations from the book as possible to prove that the theme is important to the story.
Make sure that you talk about each example or quotation you’ve included. Make a direct connection between the theme and the example from the book.
After you have established the theme and thoroughly examined the way it affects the book, include a few sentences about the impact the theme had upon you and why it made the book more or less enjoyable to read.
Try starting the report with a sentence similar to the following:
In the novel Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry, by Mildred Taylor, the theme of racial prejudice is a major catalyst in the story.
No matter what type of book report you decide to write, make sure that your writing is clear and expressive and that you include examples from the book to support your opinions
Research Paper
Title Page (free)
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data Analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference Page (free)
Research paper is a piece of academic writing that requires a more abstract, critical, and thoughtful level of inquiry than you might be used to. Writing a research paper involves (1) first familiarizing yourself with the works of “experts” – for example, on the page, in cyberspace, or in the flesh through personal interviews -to build upon what you know about a subject and then (2) comparing their thoughts on the topic with your own.
Term Paper
Term paper is a record of information gained during a course. This paper should be the final work that shows what a student has learned, what experience he or she has gained. A term paper is different from a research paper in that it can be completed without conducting special research. The main idea that the work is based on should be included in the last paragraph of introduction.
Course Work
Coursework is usually a semester work. It is opposing to pop quizzes and can not only show how well a student knows the studied material, but also shows attitude towards it and the understanding of problems. Coursework is a general name for any kind of writing – from an HYPERLINK “http://www.essaywriters.net/sys/help/writing_tips_and_free_resources/types_of_product_and_their_structure/essay_structure/” t “_blank” essay to a HYPERLINK “http://www.essaywriters.net/sys/help/writing_tips_and_free_resources/types_of_product_and_their_structure/research_paper_structure/” t “_blank” research paper.This is why the depth of your investigation may be adjusted, too.
Annotated Bibliography
Annotated bibliography includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources. Depending on your project or the assignment, your annotations may do one or more of the following:
Summarize: Some annotations merely summarize the source. What are the main arguments? What is the point of this book or article? What topics are covered? If someone asked what this article/book is about, what would you say? The length of your annotations will determine how detailed your summary is.
Assess: After summarizing a source, it may be helpful to evaluate it. Is it a useful source? How does it compare with other sources in your bibliography? Is the information reliable? Is it this source biased or objective? What is the goal of this source?
Reflect: Once you’ve summarized and assessed a source, you need to ask how it fits into your research. Was this source helpful to you? How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use this source in your research project?
Your annotated bibliography may include some of these, all of these, or even others. If you’re doing this for a class, you should get specific guidelines from your instructor.
The annotations for each source are written in paragraph form. The lengths of the annotations can vary significantly from a couple of sentences to a couple of pages. The length will depend on the purpose. If you’re just writing summaries of your sources, the annotations may not be very long. However, if you are writing an extensive analysis of each source, you’ll need more space.
Reaction Paper
This is an analytical assignment as opposed to a descriptive task. However, a small amount of description will be necessary as you answer the questions.
Title Page (free)
Begin with a brief summary of the article (no more than one paragraph). The first sentence should include the title of the article (i.e. In this article, _________, the author.) The summary should include the author’s thesis and the main points that support his thesis and argument.
Concisely re-state the main thesis made by the author in the article. Briefly explain why you think it is the main idea.
What information does the author provide to support his/her argument? Is the information convincingly supportive? Explain.
Identify & explain any concepts or theories from the textbook that is pertinent to this article. Clearly state the pertinence in each case. Be sure to identify the concept and the textbook pages where they are discussed.
How has this article impacted your thinking? Did you like or dislike it? Did it have “shock value”? How does it relate to your life?
How will you integrate the exposure of this literature into your professional path?
Have fun with this. If you would like to include an artistic expression, song, poem, suggest a movie, or any other appropriate element that helps you express your feelings about the subject – please share. This addition can allow your reaction to reach a deeper level of identity. The goal is to become impassioned about life and all that it offers.
Please remember to have a reference section in your paper that identifies this article in correct HYPERLINK “http://www.essaywriters.net/sys/help/writing_tips_and_free_resources/citations_and_referencing_styles/apa_style/” t “_blank” APA style. Use the following example as your guide.
Speech/Presentation
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
References, upon request (free)
Begin with an introduction that establishes who the client is, what his/her purpose is, what she/he will be talking about. You may want to include a joke, anecdote or interesting fact to grab the audience’s attention. Start with your most important point, and then go to your least important point then move slowly back toward the most important. Add support to each point using statistics, facts, examples, anecdotes, quotations or other supporting material. Write a conclusion that summarizes each of your points, restates your main purpose and leaves the audience with a lasting impression.
Dissertation
How to upload a completed paper?
Signature Page (free upon request)
Title (free)
Copyright (free upon request)
Acknowledgments (free)
Abstract
Table of content (free)
List of Tables and List of Illustrations
Chapter I. Introduction or Statement of the Problem
Chapter II. Review of the Literature and Research Questions
Chapter III. Methodology
Chapter IV. Results
Chapter V. Discussion
References (free)
Appendices (free)
Resume
There is no set of rules that will bring about a dissertation. At some point in time, you must put aside the guidelines and templates and make the work your own. Revel in the fact that you have been blessed to live in a universe where you have free will, and that free will is an inextricable part of that universe. Your dissertation might have mothers and fathers and cousins and aunts and uncles or any number of relatives, but in the end it must be a unique and original thing. Anyone who tells you that a dissertation is a standardized piece of work that can be put together using a certain routine is telling you a lie. There are paths to follow, to be sure. But a dissertation is never finished until it leaves the paths and sets out toward its own unique final destination. That destination may be six inches from everyone else, but it is still on its own.
Thesis
Title
Declaration
Acknowledgments
Table of content
List of tables/ illustrations/ figures/ appendices
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendices
References or Bibliography
Glossary/Index
Research Proposal
Title (free)
Abstract
Table of contents (free)
Chapter I. Introduction, or Statement of a Problem
Chapter II. Review of the Literature and Research Questions
Chapter III. Methodology
References (free)
Appendices (free)
The proposal should be similar to the dissertation in style and format, except that the proposal is written in the style of a “copy” manuscript as opposed to the “final” manuscript style of a dissertation. A description of methods to be used will of necessity employ future tense, because the work at this stage has not yet been done. Similarly, the purpose of the study should be explained in the present tense in the proposal and in the past tense at the study’s completion.
Essay Review
Paper reading
Writing feedback with a paper evaluation (content, structure, research, format, style)
This service does not include:
Any writing
Any research
Any editing
Review of dissertation, thesis, research proposal or any admission paper (these are separate more expensive services)
Review of any published works: books, articles etc (these are separate more expensive services)
Proofreading
Editing and proofreading are two different stages of the revision process. Both demand close and careful reading, but they focus on different aspects of the writing and employ different techniques.
Proofreading is the final stage of the editing process, focusing on surface errors such as misspellings and mistakes in grammar and punctuation. You should proofread only after you have finished all of your other editing revisions.
Don’t rely entirely on spelling checkers. These can be useful tools but they are far from foolproof. Spell checkers have a limited dictionary, so some words that show up as misspelled may really just not be in their memory.
Grammar checkers can be even more problematic. These programs work with a limited number of rules, so they can’t identify every error and often make mistakes.
Circle every punctuation mark. This forces you to look at each one. As you circle, ask yourself if the punctuation is correct.
Read the paper backwards. This technique is helpful for checking spelling. Start with the last word on the last page and work your way back to the beginning, reading each word separately. Because content, punctuation, and grammar won’t make any sense, your focus will be entirely on the spelling of each word.
Dissertation Services: Editing, Review
Dissertation Services – Editing
Spelling, grammar, punctuation mistakes correction
Sentence structure correction
Formatting
Editing of writing style
Editing of the content according to clients’ instructions
Completion of the paper
Partial re-write/ re-write of some chapters
Dissertation Services – Review
Paper reading
Writing feedback with paper evaluation (content, structure, research, format, style)
This service DOES NOT include:
Any writing
Any editing
Review of any published works: books, articles etc (these are separate more expensive services)
Formatting
Font formatting
Paragraph formatting
Reference page formatting
Pagination: footers/headers, page numbers
Table formatting
Hyperlinks
Personal Statement
The purpose of a personal statement is to show the admission committee what makes the client unique and different from other applicants. Writer’s job is to display customer’s distinct personality and provide evidence that confirms his/her passion and desire for the subject and the school. The structure and organization of the personal statement is the following.
Introduction:
The introduction is the most important part of the essay, especially the first sentence. The first sentence can say a lot about the content and format of the essay. It should be unique and compelling, possibly thought provoking or attention-grabbing.
The sentences following the first sentence should provide a brief explanation that supports the claim stated in the first sentence.
Keep the reader interested by making them continue to read your essay after reading the first paragraph.
First sentences may explain your desire to study the subject of interest or discuss the motivation that influenced your desire to study the subject of interest. State it in a creative manner.
The Body:
The body should include several paragraphs (usually about 3) that provide detailed evidence to support the statement made in the introductory paragraph.
Each paragraph should have a resolution, which ends each paragraph with a meaningful sentence that provides a transition to the next paragraph.
Experiences, accomplishments, or any other evidence that can support your claims should be included in the body. Future Goals should also be mentioned in the body.
A short summary client’s educational background can be discussed in the 1st paragraph.
Personal experiences and the reasons for wanting to attend the school can be discussed in the 2nd paragraph.
Do not repeat what was stated in the application.
The last paragraph should explain why you should be accepted.
Conclusion:
The conclusion is the last paragraph of the personal statement.
State why you are interested in studying the subject of interest.
State the key points mentioned in the body, such as client’s experiences or accomplishments that explain his/her interest in the subject. State it in a conclusive and brief manner.
End on a positive note with one or two attention-grabbing sentences.
It is crucial that your paragraphs have transitions and resolutions. Transitions start a paragraph by providing a statement that suggests the theme for that paragraph. This allows the reader to be aware of the direction the essay is heading in. Transitions connect paragraphs to other paragraphs (usually preceding paragraphs), which causes the essay to flow smoothly. Resolutions, on the other hand, are statements that end paragraphs and allow for transition to the next paragraph. The resolution should not be a general statement but rather a meaningful one that connects facts included in the current paragraph. Both transitions and resolutions are beneficial in terms of making your essay clear and understandable.
Tips:
Answer all the questions being asked
Provide evidence to support your claims
Make your introduction unique
Write clearly and make sure it is easy to read
Be interesting and positive
Make sure your essay is organized, coherent, and concise
Write about examples from client’s own life experiences
Use a mixture of long and short sentences
Discuss customer’s future goals
Mention hobbies, past jobs, community service, or research experience
Speak in the first person (I…)
Admission Essay
Admission is a piece of writing that each school requests from its applicants. This essay shall answer the main question of the admission committee: “Why should we let you into our school?” If the client uploads no essay directions, please, follow basic “admission essay” directions:
Clearly state short and long term goals; tell how university “X” can help your client meet them.
Describe client’s areas of research and professional interest. You might indicate how client’s proposed studies are located within a broad field.
For example, someone applying to a composition and rhetoric program might say, “I hope to examine the relationship between rhetorical invention strategies and demonstrated ability to write for members of diverse discourse communities.” Or, someone applying to an engineering program might say, “My particular interests are in optical communications, networks, and signal processing. As an undergraduate research assistant, I studied the principles of wavelet transforms, one of the most recent signal processing techniques, and I developed software models using Matlab to simulate the transform process. Currently I am investigating new applications of wavelet transforms. University X’s program in electrical engineering provides the direction and environment in which I can pursue my work in optimal communications networks and signal processing.”
Give specific reasons why the client is interested in a particular field, as well as why he/she has chosen this particular school to apply to.
Refer to past experiences, both academic and “real world,” that are relevant to graduate study.
Articulate what is particularly valuable about the perspective that the client will bring to the prospective field of study and the specific department.
Express ideas clearly and effectively.
Show motivation and capacity to succeed in graduate education.
Write concisely and try to keep your readers interested. Remember that they are reading many application essays and therefore, you need to be considerate of their needs.
Offer other information that demonstrates client’s need and desire to be accepted by the program. strong>Proofread and revise the statement at least 3 times.
Scholarship essay
Scholarship essay is a convincing paper that tells a college admission board why your customer is the right person to win scholarship. Scholarship essays vary in subject. However, most of them require a recounting of personal experience. These tips will be more helpful for writing personal essays:
What are client’s major accomplishments, and why do you consider them accomplishments? Do not limit yourself to accomplishments you have been formally recognized for since the most interesting essays often are based on accomplishments that may have been trite at the time but become crucial when placed in the context of your life. This is especially true if the scholarship committee receives a list of your credentials anyway.
Does any attribute, quality, or skill distinguish the customer from everyone else? How was this attribute developed?
What was the most difficult time in clients’ life, and why? How did customer’s perspective on life change as a result of the difficulty?
Of everything in the world, what would you most like to be doing right now? Where would you most like to be? Who, of everyone living and dead, would you most like to be with? These questions should help you realize what you love most.
What is your strongest, most unwavering personality trait? Do you maintain strong beliefs or adhere to a philosophy? How would your friends characterize you? What would they write about if they were writing your scholarship essay for you?
What have you done outside of the classroom that demonstrates qualities sought after by universities? Of these, which means the most to you?
What are your most important extracurricular or community activities? What made you join these activities? What made you continue to contribute to them?
What are your dreams of the future? When you look back on your life in thirty years, what would it take for you to consider your life successful? What people, things, and accomplishments do you need? How does this particular scholarship fit into your plans for the future?
CV Editing
The type of academic writing work presupposing a set of structural and content changes to make a person’s resume fit the job change requirements. Some CVs may have all necessary information included, but it may be scrambles and/or non-systematized. To make a better impression on the employer, and to highlight all meaningful achievements and experiences, CV editing is done to make a CV have a clear structure and concise subheadings organizing data properly.
Resume Writing
The process of arranging the person’s individual work and education history in the format that would help the employer acquire the fullest possible idea about the person’s suitability for a vacancy. Resume writing includes systematizing and organizing various experiences of a person into meaningful units such as work experience, achievements, qualifications, skills, educational history, employment history, etc.
Thesis Proposal
Thesis proposal is a short outline of the forthcoming thesis containing the compact vision of the overall topic on which the thesis writer is going to work, the problem it encompasses, the research questions, the expected outcomes of research, and the methodology chosen to guide the research.
Editing
The process of editing involves making structural and content changes to the work already written. The process of editing usually takes place after the work is finished and peer- or supervisor-reviewed. Thus, in the process of editing, grammar and stylistic mistakes are removed, and the work is checked for the overall flow of logic, correctness, and cohesion.