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The Scarlet Letter
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The Scarlet Letter
In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Scarlet Letter,” it is evident that conflict can take on numerous forms in the society for example from conflict with self, the religion and conflict with others among many other forms. Conflict is evident mainly through the way other individuals in the society treat Hester. She is accused of practicing adultery by giving birth to Pearl and refusing to provide the identity of the father of the child. After being charged with this crime, she is made to stand on the scaffold whereby the society seems to be against her and Pearl (Hawthorne’s and Nathaniel, p.83). Another form of conflict which is between man and man is seen when Chillingworth tends to be playing some tricks on Dimmesdale as he suspects that he is the father to Pearl as well as Hester’s hidden lover.
Moreover, the conflict between man and self is vividly described in Dimmesdale case. Dimmesdale who is a powerful young minister is seen to be regularly struggling between maintaining his influential position in the society and his secret love affair with Hester. Also in this form of conflict, Hester typically battles with herself to keep the secret about Chillingworth and also to keep her lover Dimmesdale a top-secret.
The characters conflicts in “Scarlet Letter” are resolved on the scaffold. The characters are made, or they decide by themselves to stand on it and confess their sins. For example, the situation whereby Dimmesdale decides to step on it at night and when Hester and daughter happen to pass by he pleads with them to stand by him which they eventually obey. Also, they are made to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of their lives as it happens to Hester, and this symbolizes a sign of shame. Therefore from the way the conflicts are resolved through the scaffold, it is evident that the sin had a considerable impact on the characters and it changed their lives forever (Karenina and Anna, p.43). The life of public repentance and humiliation takes center stage in controlling how the individuals behaved in the society, even though it seemed to be challenging and unpleasant. Therefore, from this context, the theme of sin, crime as well as punishment is significantly portrayed.
The sins by Hester and Dimmesdale seems to affect the various characters differently. For example, Hester’s husband is made to return to the town with the intention of finding Hester’s lover whereby he even changes his name to Roger Chillingworth. On learning that Dimmesdale is Hester’s lover, he ‘Chillingworth’ harasses him for the next seven years up to the time Dimmesdale becomes sick with guilt. Hester on realizing that her lover had been undergoing some psychological manipulation she decides to reveal the true identity of Chillingworth to Dimmesdale. The two chooses to relocate to England and Dimmesdale was still feeling guilty, and in the process, he develops a red mark on his chest. He, therefore, decides to confess his sins while standing on the scaffold and consequently he tears his shirt open to display the nasty red mark on his chest to the public before dying. This shows how sin affected the characters psychologically by not giving some peace of mind resulting in more adverse effects to the characters.
From the “Another View of Hester” chapter, the symbolism of the letter “A” tends to be changing over time. From the very first beginning, the letter “A” typically symbolized shame, but Hester tends to have a different interpretation of the letter, than what it was intended. The primary purpose of the letter was to shame her as well as present ignominy towards her (Hawthorne’s and Nathaniel, p.74). However, it relatively empowers her. Therefore the fact that the letter “A” was supposed to demean Hester but eventually reinforces her is regarded as situational irony. What the Author tries to present by this chapter is that individuals can have and take the same or various symbols in a diverse way to have different meanings and thus it all depends on the way the individual take things up. How they view and interpret things depends on one’s conscience.
Pathos is greatly portrayed in this work by how Hester argues that she had the right to keep her daughter Pearl since God entrusted her with Pearl. She claims it was God’s will to have the daughter and they had no reason to separate them and thus she protests ruthlessly for this action. Hester is also a sympathetic character by the way he sympathizes with Dimmesdale and Chillingworth by presenting each with the truth about her affair with both of them. According to his evil and ill-powered actions by leaving his wife Hester for a long time as well as his revenge by sabotaging Dimmesdale, he cannot be viewed with a degree of pathos (Hawthorne et al., p.38). Moreover, Dimmesdale presents pathos on different occasions for example with the way he is suffering both emotionally and psychologically due to his sins. Chillingworth is harassing him to the extent of feeling guilty and decides to confess his sin to the public while standing on the scaffold.
Dimmesdale is first seen as an anxious and sensitive individual, but this seems to change as time goes by. Due to his actions by confessing his sins and the way he is portrayed, it is good to say that Dimmesdale is a strong character. His confession is seen as a symbolic act, given that the influence he had on the community, he accepted his sins and confessed. Also, his control in the way he is handling his challenges depicts how he is a strong character.
Works Cited
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Hugh Thomson, and Katharine Lee Bates. The Scarlet Letter (Illustrated by Hugh Thomson with an Introduction by Katharine Lee Bates). Neeland Media LLC, 2015.
Hawthorne’s, Nathaniel. “The scarlet letter.” 21st Century Voices (2003): 83.
Karenina, Anna. “The Scarlet Letter.” Anna Karenina and Others (2016): 53.
Nutritional for cancer
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Nutritional for cancer
Causes
Cancer is caused by the alteration of the DNA in cells. When the DNA inside a cell undergoes mutation, the cell stops functioning normally and becomes cancerous. The gene mutation may result in the rapid growth of cells, creating numerous cells with the same mutation. It may also lose tumor suppressor genes or mutation of these controls, which instruct them to stop growing; thus, they continue to grow and accumulate beyond the right number. Also, DNA repair genes that correct errors in the DNA of cells mutate, which means these errors go uncorrected, resulting in cancerous cells.
Risk Factors
Although doctors have information on cancer risk factors, most cancers occur in people that do not have any know risks. Risks factors for cancer include:
Age: The development of cancer cells can take decades, which explains why most people diagnosed with cancer are aged, 65, and older (Miller et al. 2016). However, this does not mean cancer is exclusive to old people-it can be diagnosed at any age.
Habits: Lifestyle choices such as drinking, smoking, extreme exposure to the sun, regular blistering and sunburns, obesity, and engaging in unprotected intercourse.
Family history: Only a small quota of cancers are passed on through a generation. However, if cancer is common in a family, it is possible that the can be inherited from a generation to the next.
Health Conditions: Some severe health conditions like ulcerative colitis can significantly raise the probability of developing some types of cancer.
The environment: An environment with harmful chemicals may increase the chances of developing cancer. Second-hand smoke inhaled from being around smokers or chemicals around the house or workplace such as asbestos raises the chances of developing cancer.
Prevention
There is no specific way of preventing cancer only behaviors that reduce the risk of developing the disease.
Avoiding smoking is one way to reduce the risk of cancer because the habit is associated with several types of cancer.
Staying away from the excessive sun to avoid the harmful ultraviolet rays reduced the risk of developing skin cancer.
Eating healthy by choosing a diet of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein goes a long way in reducing the probability of developing the disease.
Exercising for thirty minutes and more has been proven to lower the risk. This also helps with avoiding obesity, which significantly raises the risk of developing the disease.
Avoid alcohol or drink moderately. Any woman or a man aged above 65 years should restrict themselves to only one drink a day and two drinks maximum for men below the age of 65.
Go for cancer screening on a regular to detect the disease at a state where it is manageable. Get immunized because some viruses such as hepatitis B may cause cancer.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of cancer vary based on the part of the body that is affected. Signs and symptoms include:
A lump under the skin
Hoarseness
Unintended loss or gain in weight
Persistent fever, night sweats, indigestion, joint and muscle pains, mysterious bruising or bleeding
Changes in the skin tone such as yellowing, persistent sores, redness or blackening of the skin, changes in moles previously on the body.
Trouble breathing
Treatment
There are many ways of treating various types of cancer. Thus the type of treatment will rely on the type of cancer. Surgery is one way and is conducted to remove cancer cells from the body. Radiation therapy uses high levels of radiation to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
Complications
The disease, as well as its treatment, may result in severe pain, fatigue, trouble breathing. Weight, loss, and Nausea. A person diagnosed with cancer may experience changes in the chemical composition of the body, increasing the risk of severe complications. Cancer can press on a body part upsetting nearby nerve endings, causing a significant amount of pain. The disease may also cause the brain and the nervous system to encounter problems.
Monitoring
Once an individual is diagnosed with cancer, several tests are carried out during and after treatment to check the effectiveness of therapies. There are also monitoring tests that indicate whether there is a chance of the disease reoccurring.
Diet modifications, why the modifications are appropriate, sample one day (3 meals) meal plan:
People diagnosed with cancer should first avoid poisonous food because the immune system is low during treatment. Cancer should avoid processed foods that are high in sugar and low on nutrients and fiber, processed meat, the habit of overcooking food, and dairy. Instead, the meal for a person with cancer should include vegetables, fruit, nuts, lettuce, Beans and legumes, fish, Garlic, and olive oil.
Planned Diets should include
Breakfast: Millet, a season fruit, blueberries, cinnamon-just a pitch, potato hash, Greek yogurt, asparagus, and almonds.
Lunch: Green salad, cup beans, kale salad, kidney
Snack: Fruit and nut, a colorful assortment of veggies and curry hummus.
Dinner: Cornbread, Moroccan chicken, ratatouille, and Salmon, burgers from animals that are grass-fed, and grilled with tobacco.
References
Miller, K. D., Siegel, R. L., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Kramer, J. L., Rowland, J. H., … & Jemal, A. (2016). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 66(4), 271-289.
major branches of Judaism Today
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Major branches of Judaism Today
Judaism religion is based on Abrahamic faith, with its origin being the Middle East. The religion was founded by Moses, though the believers trace their belief to Abraham time. The religion currently has over 13 million believers, most of them being in Israel, Germany and United States. The religion is founder on firm belief in one God, with whom Abraham entered a covenant on their behalf, and worshiped in synagogues.
Judaism has several branches today. The Orthodox Judaists believe that Moses was given both written and oral laws at Mount Sinai. The Torah is believed to contain 613 commandments. The believers observe the Jewish laws, but some integrate them with modernity. Some faithful’s however are too strict in their faith, dress uniquely and live in seclusion. The conservative Judaists argue that the Torah was directly transmitted to man via God (The Jewish Outreach Institute, 1). The Torah thus has human elements. While these laws should be adaptive, the true values of Judaism should not change. The Reform Judaism is based on the belief that the writing of the Torah was done by different people before being combined. As such, the Jewish Laws are not binding. The group however observes some Jewish values and ethics. The Reconstructionist Judaism is based on the argument that Judaism is a religion of civilization that is ever evolving. As such, there should be no personalization of the deity. The Torah is thus observed not because it is God given but because of its rich cultural teachings. Lastly, there is the Humanistic Judaism. This branch was founded by Rabbi Sherwin Wine in Michigan in 1960s. It is based on contemporary human life ((The Jewish Outreach Institute, 1). Religion is viewed as a way of life that is devoid of some supernatural authority. Religion should help man to achieve dignity, self-esteem and humanistic values.
Work Cited
The Jewish Outreach Institute. Different denominations (types) of Judaism. Web. <http://www.joi.org/qa/denom.shtml >