Recent orders
A Literary of the play The Glass Menagerie
Running Head: A Literary of the play ‘The Glass of Menagerie’
A Literary of the play ‘The Glass Menagerie’
Name
Institution:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Abstract
This play was authored by Tennessee Williams, and is based on the decline of the South to address sensitive and nostalgic issues surrounding individuals who attempt to lead spiritual, imaginative worlds characterized by tenderness in a world dominated by passion, greed and animal instincts. This document therefore gives a general overview of the play, and discusses the different items incorporated thereby formulating a comprehensive review of its literature.
The first scene of the play sets off with the appearance of Tom Wingfield, a future poet who appears from the fire escape of his family’s St. Louis Apartment and informs the audience that the play is going to be about his family which includes his mother, Amanda Wingfield, his crippled sister, Laura Wingfield and his father, Mr. Wingfield, an employee with a telephone company who absconded his marital responsibility due to long distance travels and therefore only appears in a photograph as well as a gentle mans caller (Meyer & Downs, 2008)
The activities in this scene entail Tom entering the apartment where his mother and sister are having dinner with Mrs. Wingfield advising his daughter to remain ‘fresh and pretty’ for the purpose of securing gentlemen callers. This leads to Amanda’s memory of when she entertained gentlemen callers in her youth, a comment doubted by her son. Her nostalgia ends with the confirmation from her daughter that there would be no callers.
The developments in scene two create a continuous flow through to scene four. The scene begins with Laura polishing her glass figurines and suddenly hides them on hearing Amanda’s footsteps. This follows by her mother asking her why she does not attend school and gives the reason that she vomited due to nervousness while taking the school test. Her mother gets obsessed with the idea of finding Laura a husband to save her from poverty and loneliness as she realizes that her daughter would be unable to undertake any job. To do this, she knows that she has to find enough money and the only option available is to sell subscriptions to a local magazine. On the other hand, Tom struggles with job dissatisfaction and her mother’s questioning of his night escapades. This results in a heated exchange of words where he calls his mother an ‘ugly witch’ and accidentally knocks Laura’s figurines while exiting. At five in the morning, he gets back home and apologizes to his mother for his rude behavior, then he tells her of his desire to leave town in search of adventure. The mother requests him to find a husband for his sister before traveling. Despite being skeptical, Tom agrees to find a suitor from his workplace.
Tom, at the onset of scene five, narrates of a possible war that is about to provide an adventure for those who enjoy themselves at the Paradise Dance Hall located close to their apartment. He then informs his mother about a friendly visit by a Jim O’Connor during dinner. Both the Mother and the sister are overjoyed at the news and description of the visitor. To neutralize his mother’s enthusiasm, Tom notifies Amanda that Jim may not be attracted to Laura. The Mother ignores him and instead encourages Laura to ‘wish for Happiness and Good Fortune (Meyer & Downs, 2008)
In his narration in scene six, Tom describes the gentleman caller’s, previous life of being a former hero in basketball and the presidential post he held in senior class and the glee club. He also describes Jim’s current profile as being less successful after graduating and working with him in the same company. The arrival of Tom and Jim frightens Laura who dashes off after the introduction and leaves the three of them having dinner. Since Tom had used the funds for paying the electricity bill for his seaman’s card, he offers to help Amanda do the dishes while Jim serves Laura with a glass of wine. The two interact lengthily till they kiss. Jim then confesses of his engagement and leaves. Laura and Amanda are devastated on finding out about Jim’s attachment to another woman. Later, Tom narrates of his escape from St. Louis, traveling the world in search of adventure. However, he was still pursued by his sister’s eyes wherever he went.
Several themes can be drawn from the play ‘the glass menagerie. The first being the differences that lie between illusion and reality. The Wingfield’s family is immersed in deep illusion as a defense mechanism of shielding from the harsh realities of life. Williams portrays Laura as a character who escapes from the reality because of her shyness which encourages her to live in a world of glass artifacts. These separate her from the realistic world where she is expected to perform in education, business and romantic relationships. Her failed relationship with the gentleman caller draws her even further from engaging in any romantic relationships. Amanda on the other hand dreams of her glorious past at South Belle and plans for her daughter’s marriage to a gentleman caller who would rescue them from the poverty that creeps in the family. Tom is surrounded by situations of job dissatisfaction, late night drinking habits, becoming a future poet and engaging in adventures as avenues of shutting himself from the realities of the world. Jim however is a character who has reconciled with reality. The fact that he has a stable job, accepts that he is engaged and advises Laura to embrace confidence is evidence enough to support this claim. In fact, Tom refers to him as ‘an emissary from the world of reality’ (Meyer & Downs, 2008)
The Wingfield family, individually and collectively seeks freedom from the ensnares of life’s misgivings and illusion. The writer depicts from the play that the urge to be free comes with packages of disappointment, pain and separation from people with close ties. Tom looks for ways to free himself from his job and the responsibility of taking care of his family so as to enjoy writing and traveling. This causes him to eventually abandon his family just like his father. Amanda wants free herself from poverty hence she starts selling subscriptions and encourage her daughter to look for a husband, resulting in the tragic meeting between Laura and Jim. Laura seeks to free herself from her responsibilities and expectations causing her to fully withdraw from the outside world.
The use of symbols in plays is imperative for purposes of conveying messages beyond literacy. This has been well articulated in the play. The glass figurines in Laura’s collection symbolize her fragility and vulnerability. She is controlled with an illusional world that is prone to crumbling due to inadequate resilience from the effects of a realistic world. Her uniqueness is evidenced by the unicorn figurine; the loss of its horns symbolizes her becoming part of a realistic world like ‘other horses’ during her interaction with Jim. Her unpreparedness to tackle with the harsh realities of the world exposes her to destruction (Meyer & Downs, 2008).
Christian symbols were also an element of the author communication of his message. The gentleman caller is seen as a ‘savior’ by Amanda who would come to their rescue. In scene four, William uses the ‘Ave Maria’, a Virgin Mary song, when Amanda sobs after being called an ugly witch by Tom. Laura’s face is described as ‘lit with alter candles’ when she was kissed. The candle light is used by the Wingfield family when electricity is cut, a symbol of increasing darkness in their lives. Laura also blows out the candle at the end of the last scene which signifies the end of her dreams.
The play has employed a unique style structure. The author uses poetic language to capture speech by integrating repetition and emphasis to depict a more universal truth. The gentle man caller, used mostly in the play indicate the different hats he puts on, as a guest, a savior, or according to Tom’s description ‘ an archetype of the universal unconscious.’
The use of metaphors, similes and irony in the play create a unique blend in the interpretation of words and statements used. For the author to evoke the fragility and dreamy nature of Laura and Amanda, the metaphor Amanda had Laura’s wish on a ‘little silver slipper of a moon’ was illustrated. During dinner, Laura darts away like a frightened deer. This sentence signifies a portion of the similes used in the play (Meyer & Downs, 2008).
This seven scene drama introduces the conflict that exists within the Wingfield family and the fact that their problems cannot be solved solely by them but by an outer world. These problems however exist as a result of; the extremity between their illusioned world and the realistic world; and their rigidity to embrace efforts that reconcile the two worlds. The same play incorporates the gentleman caller as a unifying concept of the two worlds. The uniqueness of the play in terms mechanisms used to send the message home has been illustrated with the different concepts brought into play, from the style structure, the symbols, the themes, characters and the general plot of the play which includes the set up environment.
References
Meyer, M., & Downs, D. (2008). The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature
(8th ed.).Bedford: St. Martins.
The Role of Parental Influences on Development
The Role of Parental Influences on Development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
The Role of Parental Influences on Development
Introduction
It is generally accepted that parents play a role in their children’s development. However, the nature and extent of this influence are a matter of debate. Some theorists suggest that parents directly influence their children’s development, while others contend that parental influences are indirect, mediated by the child’s temperament and abilities. There is evidence to support both perspectives. For instance, research has shown that parents who are warm and responsive to their children are more likely to have children who are emotionally secure and socially competent. On the other hand, temperamentally more difficult children are more likely to be difficult to parent, regardless of the parenting style. Likely, the truth lies somewhere in between these two extremes. Parental influences are probably both direct and indirect, and the relative importance of each will vary from child to child. Nevertheless, it is clear that parents play a role in their children’s development and that this role is essential. Therefore, there are several roles of parental influences on development.
Parental influences contribute significantly in child development. The parents’ support and love for their children help them develop a strong sense of self-worth. The children learn to trust themselves and others when their parents are supportive. Children also learn to be independent when their parents encourage them to be independent. The parents’ guidance helps the children develop a sense of wrong and right (Albanese, Russo & Geller, 2019). Children learn to be responsible when their parents’ set limits and expectations. The first few years of a child’s life are crucial for their development. The parents’ attitudes, values, and beliefs are passed down to the child. The way the parents interact with the child will also affect their development. The parents need to provide a safe and loving environment for the child. They need to be there for the child when they need them. They also need to teach the child right from wrong. The parents need to set limits and rules for the child. They need to be consistent with the child. The child needs to know what is expected of them. The parents must provide the child with the necessary resources for their development. This includes things like food, shelter, clothing, and medical care. The parents need to encourage the child to explore and learn (Bhamani et al., 2020). They need to provide the child with opportunities to grow and develop. The parents need to support the child. They need to be there for the child when they need them. They need to encourage the child. They need to praise the child when they do something good. They need to help the child when they are struggling.
At the same time, parents can influence their child’s development through their actions and behaviors. Parents can influence their child’s development through their actions and behaviors in several ways. First, they can provide a loving and supportive home environment where the child feels safe and secure. This will help the child to develop a sense of trust and confidence in the world around them. Second, the parents can encourage the child to explore their interests and try new things. This will help the child to develop a sense of curiosity and a willingness to learn new things (Revuelta et al., 2018). Third, the parents can provide the child with opportunities to interact with other children and adults. This will help the child to develop social skills and to learn how to interact with others. Finally, the parents can model appropriate behavior for the child. This will help the child to learn how to behave in a socially acceptable way.
Parents can have a positive or negative influence on their child’s development. They can either help their child to grow and develop healthily, or they can hinder their child’s development. Positive parenting practices can help to promote a child’s cognitive, physical, and social-emotional development. For example, parents who provide their children with love and support and set clear limits and expectations can help their children thrive. On the other hand, neglectful or abusive parents can damage their child’s development. There is a great deal of research that demonstrates the importance of parent-child relationships for healthy growth. For instance, studies have shown that children with supportive and responsive parents are more likely to have increased self-esteem, improved social skills, and more academic success than those who do not have such supportive relationships (Cascio, Moore & McGlone, 2019). Children with positive parental relationships are more likely to develop into well-adjusted adults. While parents can certainly have a positive or negative influence on their child’s development, it is essential to remember that children are individuals with their own unique needs and capacities (Albanese, Russo & Geller, 2019). Therefore, what works for one child may not work for another. It is also important to remember that parenting is a difficult job, and that even the best parents sometimes make mistakes. The most important thing is that parents try to provide their children with the love, support, and guidance they need to grow and thrive.
However, parental involvement is essential for child development. Parental involvement is associated with positive outcomes for children and adolescents. The literature on parental involvement indicates several dimensions for participation, including parental involvement in school, parenting practices, and parent-child relationships (Bhamani et al., 2020). Each of these dimensions has been linked with positive outcomes for children and adolescents, including academic achievement, social and emotional development, and overall well-being. There are many ways in which parents can be involved in their child’s development. One way is by being involved in their child’s education. Parental involvement in education has been linked with higher grades and test scores, improved school attendance, and increased motivation (Revuelta et al., 2018). Parents can also support their child’s development by providing a stimulating home environment, engaging in positive parenting practices, and having a warm and supportive relationship with their child. Each child is unique and will therefore benefit from different types and levels of parental involvement. Parents need to find an involvement style that works for them and their children.
The parents can encourage or discourage certain behaviors in their children. There are several ways that parents can encourage or discourage certain behaviors in their children. One way to promote a behavior is to provide positive reinforcement when the child demonstrates the desired behavior. This might include verbal praise, a hug, or a special treat. On the other hand, parents can discourage the behavior by providing negative reinforcement, such as scolding the child or taking away privileges. Additionally, parents can model the desired behavior for their children. For example, if a parent wants their child to eat more vegetables, the parent can eat vegetables in front of the child. Lastly, parents can use verbal explanations to teach their children the desired behavior. For instance, a parent might explain to a child why it is essential to eat healthy food. At the same time, how parents interact with their children can encourage or discourage certain behaviors. If parents are consistently critical, harmful, or abusive, their children may learn to be the same way. On the other hand, if parents are loving, supportive, and positive, their children are more likely to develop those same qualities. There are many things that parents can do to encourage positive behaviors in their children (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). One is to provide consistent love and support. Another is to set clear expectations and limits and enforce them fairly and consistently. Additionally, parents can model the behavior they want to see in their children and praise their children when they display positive behaviors. There are also things that parents can do to discourage negative behaviors in their children. One is to avoid reacting to negative behaviors in a way that reinforces them, such as by yelling or hitting. Another is to provide consistent discipline that is fair and appropriate to the child’s age and development. Additionally, parents can teach their children alternative, more positive ways to cope with their emotions and interact with others.
Parents can help shape their child’s personalities. The parents can help shape their child’s character in a few ways. They can provide a good role model for their child to follow, help their child develop a strong sense of self-esteem, and encourage their child to be independent and try new things. If the parents are good role models, the child will learn how to behave positively. The child will learn how to be respectful, kind, and considerate. The child will also learn how to be responsible and to work hard. If the parents help the child develop strong self-esteem, the child will feel good about him or herself. The child will feel confident and will be able to try new things. If the parents encourage the child to be independent and to try new things, the child will learn how to do things on their own (Revuelta et al., 2018). The child will also learn how to take risks and overcome challenges. Parents will have different approaches, depending on their values and beliefs. However, some general tips that may be helpful include: encouraging your child to be independent and to make their own decisions from a young age. This will help them to develop a strong sense of self-confidence and self-esteem. They encourage your child to express their feelings openly and communicate effectively with others (Cascio, Moore & McGlone, 2019). This will help them to develop strong interpersonal skills. Helping your child to create a sense of empathy and compassion for others. This will encourage them to be kind and caring individuals. Lastly, they encourage your child to be active and to pursue their interests and hobbies. This will help them to lead a balanced and healthy lifestyle.
Additionally, the parents can significantly impact their child’s cognitive development. The parents can significantly impact their child’s cognitive development. The first way that parents significantly impact their child’s cognitive development is by providing a safe and stimulating environment for them to explore. This means that the home is free of hazards, and there are plenty of toys and other objects for the child to play with (Cabrera, Volling & Barr, 2018). It also means that the parents are responsive to the child’s needs and provides the appropriate stimulation level. The second way parents significantly impact their child’s cognitive development is by providing them with a nutritious diet. This means that the child’s diet is rich in essential nutrients for brain development, such as omega-3 fatty acids. The third way parents significantly impact their child’s cognitive development is by teaching them (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). This means that the parents allow the child to learn new skills and knowledge. It also means that the parents’ model appropriate behavior for the child. Finally, parents significantly impact their child’s cognitive development by providing emotional support. This means that the parents are available to the child when they are feeling upset or overwhelmed. It also means that the parents help the child to regulate their emotions.
Consequently, parental support is essential for healthy child development. Parental consent is necessary for healthy child development. Without parental permission, children are more likely to experience difficulties in school, have behavioral problems, and experience mental health issues. Parental support can take many forms, including providing love and affection, financial aid, guidance, and discipline. Parental consent is essential for children to thrive in school. Studies have shown that children who have supportive parents are more likely to do well in school and are less likely to experience behavioral problems (Cabrera, Volling & Barr, 2018). Parental support can help children feel secure and confident, and it can help them develop positive relationships with their teachers and classmates. Support is also essential for children’s mental health. Children who have supportive parents are more likely to have higher self-esteem, and they are less likely to experience anxiety and depression. Parental support can help children cope with stress, and it can help them develop healthy coping skills. Parental consent is essential for healthy child development. Without parental support, children are more likely to experience school difficulties, behavioral problems, and experience mental health issues (Cascio, Moore & McGlone, 2019). Parental support can take many forms, including providing love and affection, financial aid, and guidance and discipline.
Finally, parents can influence their child’s development in many different ways. There are many ways in which parents can influence their child’s development. One of the most important ways is to provide a loving and nurturing environment (Cabrera, Volling & Barr, 2018). This can help the child feel loved and secure, encouraging them to explore their world and develop their abilities. Parents can also influence their child’s development by interacting with them. If parents are warm and responsive, they can help the child feel secure and develop a positive self-image. If parents are critical or uninvolved, the child may have difficulty setting a sense of self-worth. Another way that parents can influence their child’s development is through the values they teach them. If parents teach their children to be honest and kind, they are more likely to grow up to be honest and thoughtful adults. If parents teach their children to be aggressive and competitive, they are more likely to become aggressive and competitive adults (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). Lastly, how parents deal with stress and adversity can also influence their child’s development. If parents can healthily cope with stress, they can provide a good role model for their children. If parents cannot healthily cope with stress, their children may learn to cope with it through unhealthy habits.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the role of parental influences on development is significant and far-reaching. Parents provide their children with love, support, and guidance that help them grow into happy, healthy, and prosperous adults. While every parent-child relationship is unique, there are some general things that all parents can do to support their child’s development. These include providing a stable, loving home environment, spending time with their child; being a good role model; setting limits and expectations; and teaching values and life skills. Parents can help their children develop into happy, healthy, and prosperous adults by providing them with love, support, and guidance. Parents play an essential role in their child’s development. They provide love, support, and guidance that help children grow and learn. They also teach children important values and skills they will need. Parental influences on development can be divided into two main categories: nature and nurture. Character refers to the genes and biology parents pass down to their children. Nurture refers to the environment and experiences that children have while they are growing up. Both nature and nurture are essential in child development. Parents provide the foundation for their child’s development, but it is up to the child to grow and learn. Parental influences on development can have a positive or negative impact on children. Positive parental effects can lead to children who are happy, well-adjusted, and successful in life. Negative parental influences can lead to unhappy children, poorly adjusted, and unsuccessful lives.
References
Albanese, A. M., Russo, G. R., & Geller, P. A. (2019). The role of parental self‐efficacy in parent and child well‐being: A systematic review of associated outcomes. Child: care, health and development, 45(3), 333-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12661Kuppens, S., & Ceulemans, E. (2019). Parenting styles: A closer look at a well-known concept. Journal of child and family studies, 28(1), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1242-xCabrera, N. J., Volling, B. L., & Barr, R. (2018). Fathers are parents, too! Widening the lens on parenting for children’s development. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12275Revuelta, L. R., Lasarte, O. F., Fernández, A. R., & Maya, M. S. (2018). The role of parental socialization styles in school engagement and academic performance. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 11(2), 123-139.
Bhamani, S., Makhdoom, A. Z., Bharuchi, V., Ali, N., Kaleem, S., & Ahmed, D. (2020). Home learning in times of COVID: Experiences of parents. Journal of education and educational development, 7(1), 9-26.
Cascio, C. J., Moore, D., & McGlone, F. (2019). Social touch and human development. Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 35, 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2018.04.009
The Role of Modern Media in the Creation of Social Identities of the Dominant and Subordinate Group
(Name)
(Instructors’ name)
(Course)
(Date)
The Role of Modern Media in the Creation of Social Identities of the Dominant and Subordinate Group
Since the 1972 call for more research on the influences of the mass media, numerous surveys and studies have been launched on the effects and significance of TV news and other forms of modern media in the creation if different kinds of identities in the society. This paper, therefore, will review the opinions of an author named David Altheide who researched widely on the issue and came up with an article named Media Hegemony: A Failure of Perspective in 1984. The author argued that the main issues underlying much of this research are dominance and control of the process of news. His article, therefore, was published to analyze and examine the empirical and logical adequacy f the hegemony of the media as an explanation of dominance of ideologies.
The authors analyzed recent studies and found that some researchers have uncritically adopted or believed in the thesis of the dominant ideology of the hegemony of the media to the surveys of TV news, and, as a result, have overlooked outcomes that challenge their claims about a number of aspects. These aspects include the ideology and socialization of journalists, whether TV news further the quo status, and the extent and nature of coverage of international news. The authors argue that, despite the limitations, the concept of hegemony of the media, efforts should continuously develop a theoretical perspective that is empirically sound for locating the process of news in a broader societal background.
The article, though significant in its findings, has a number of limitations. For example, the article does not conduct its own surveys; it solely depends on the conclusions made by other studies. This limitation can be critical in determining the accuracy of a survey.
Conclusion
Throughout the paper, the author of the article has continuously given reasons and evidence that indicate that television and TV news play dominant roles in the creation and establishment of ideologies in the minds of individuals in a society. For example, it was indicated in the paper that television plays an incredibly essential role in shaping and creating the ideas and philosophies society has about color and race, and especially in children through messages and images shown and broadcasted in the TV. Professionals argue that it is these images and messages imposed on children that nurture and grow to result to social segregation based on color and race. As much as the mass media has been celebrated for being able to bring key trends in the world closer to families at home, professionals have argue that the images that the media present distorts the views and the ideas of the world.
This results to the nurturing of false expectations in their minds, and ultimately to social and behavioral discontent that is undesirable. As it has been seen, the pervasiveness of the media today implies that their influence might go beyond minor issues to a point of coloring all of the cultural views in the world. As it has already been indicated, these effects might have diverse effects on the individual. An author looked at in the paper, for example, argued that there is a relationship between the social development of an individual with their sense of belongingness. If an individual feels segregated, he cannot be able to develop socially. As it follows, it was seen that individuals should be careful when choosing to trust the media. It was also indicated that individuals must ask themselves a number of questions before deciding to trust and listen to the media. As it has been indicated, efforts should be continuously be used for the development of a theoretical perspective that is empirically sound for locating and placing the TV and modern media in a broader societal context, if we are to survive its effects.
Work cited
Altheide, David L. “Media Hegemony a Failure of perspective.” Public Opin Q 48. 2 (1984): 476- 90. Print.