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Is Human Society Set Up To Deal With OCPs
Is Human Society Set Up To Deal With OCPs
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Is Human Society Set Up To Deal With OCPs?
I firmly believe that with the advancement in the technological and medical field, human society is now able to deal with the oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) or birth control pills. It is important to note that pregnancy is not a disease, and contraceptives are not the cure to pregnancy. For mature and sexually active adults being pregnant is a great achievement that brings joy to the hearts of the parents. Giving birth to a child is a form of ensuring continuity of a clan, family, or community, and so it is received with joy. But on the other hand, it is essential to control the number of babies one can have to prevent issues that are brought about by overpopulation (Eager, 2017). The OCPs are prescribed to women to avoid ovulation that causes pregnancy by altering their menstrual cycle. Components of the OCPs such as estrogen and progestogen, work effectively to prevent pregnancy if taken correctly.
I believe that with the current world population and economic factors, it is essential for human society to accommodate and approve the use of OCPs in the quest to reduce the growing human population (Eager, 2017). The reason behind this sentiment is that the more the population increases, the more the resources available to maintain the enormous population numbers, reduce. With limited resources, then it will be impossible to support and provide the basic needs of the population. Overpopulation in the contemporary world has resulted in issues of economic issues such as lack of employment opportunities for the people. Also, it challenges the natural resources available to cater to the growing numbers caused by lack of birth control, such as reduction of the land meant for settlement and farming hence adversely affecting the welfare and nutritional aspect of the population.
The oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) or birth control pill might come in handy during these difficult times in the world where there are multiple diseases, reduced resources, and economic hardships. As mentioned earlier, getting pregnant is not a disease, and it does not need a cure, but it needs to be controlled to prevent the adverse effects that it can result in. So, in this case, the best solution for managing the growing world population is by administering birth control pills to the majority of women in the world (Golobof & Kiley, 2016). Since the approval of the OCPs in the United States in 1960, about 12 million women have been using the OCPs, and there has been an improvement in the control of the population of the country.
The benefits that the use of the OCPs bring to the world or the human society are reduced mortality rate, reduced death rates due to diseases and other hardships. Also, it reduces ovarian and endometrial cancer risks that are brought about by regular pregnancies. Also, it reduces the flow of periods in women and makes them less painful as compared to those that do not take the OCPs (De Silva & Tenreyro, 2017). With the improvements in the medical sector, it is now possible to deal effectively with the side effects that these contraceptives might have on women.
In conclusion, the benefits that the OCPs bring to the human society the primary one being controlling the population growth it is possible to say that human society is ready to deal with it. Also, the fact that there are technological and medical improvements that assist in dealing with the side effects that might come along due to the use of the OCPs makes it safer for users. It is high time we deal with the issue of population growth before it gets out of hand, and that can be done by adopting the use of the OCPs.
References
De Silva, T., & Tenreyro, S. (2017). Population control policies and fertility convergence. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(4), 205-28.
Eager, P. W. (2017). Global population policy: From population control to reproductive rights. Taylor & Francis.
Golobof, A., & Kiley, J. (2016, May). The current status of oral contraceptives: progress and recent innovations. In Seminars in reproductive medicine (Vol. 34, No. 03, pp. 145-151). Thieme Medical Publishers.
Irreversible Effect of Global Warming
Irreversible Effect of Global Warming Name
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Year
The debate amount climate change and its effect on the humans, would animals, and plants has been raging for years. The neglect and abuse of the serene environment due to increased exploitation of natural resources has caused the climate to go beyond points of zero recovery. Today, millions of people living along coastal areas are already losing their habitat due to risking seas and this spells danger to the world. Climate change and global warming is said to be irreversible because it has gone beyond the tipping point. A study published in 2009, led by a scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shows that climate change may in fact be irreversible. Still, the value and impact of the climate change can be seen far beyond where the damage is occurring and this includes things like bad weather, extreme heat, rainfall and flooding. The economic cost of global warming is said to amount to billions of dollars annually with the figures expected to rise even higher.
Global warming can only reverse if it is within limited reaches. However, the current global warming fates only shows that the world is to a point where it cannot reverse the situation. The world is today experiencing temperatures at rates that have never been recorded before (Hughes et al., 2017). The issue has even gotten worse in areas where some of the climate experts are waring of even higher temperature rise. Students have shown that in the current rates, the climate change may even become uncontrollable. The major issue in this regard is that the burning of fossil fuels is only adding fuel to the fire that is making the issue of global warming even more dangerous (Hanna & Tait, 2015). There is a lot of concern among climate experts that the current rates of fossil fuel burning will create trajectory that may be hard to reverse.
The other reason that makes global warming irreversible is that the climate safety commitments are being ignored and broken that makes the issue worse. For example, the U.S. pulling out of the 2015 Paris climate Accord under the Trump’s administration was heavily criticized by global leaders. Such actions that go contrary to the efforts being laid down in securing the world only point to the dangers that lie ahead in regard to the global warming. Still, the commitment to other climate safety laws mainly regarding coal burning has been ignored by counties like China thus adding to the risk of worse global warming in the future (McGlade & Ekins, 2015). Perhaps the issue can only be addressed when the world comes together and admits that human kind will exterminate itself through ignorance of the matter. Even with the adequate efforts being put, the issue of global warming still poses great risk to the stability in climate.
With the current state of lobal warming, expert have argued that the world still has chance to make things better. The safety of the world climate leis in the collective responsiveness to the dangers that lie ahead where every country has to play its part (Hughes et al., 2017). More compelling is the observed neglect of the global laws meant to restrict abuse of the resources like coal and other fossil fuels. There is an unfriendly competition in the global economy that is having great repercussions on the climate as the country go beyond the norms to attain the needed growth. Despite the fact that global warming currently appears irreversible, there is hope on what can be done to reduce the speed at which things are worsening (Hanna & Tait, 2015). The first approach to slow things down relates to the individua action and concern that every country has to take.
The global warming issue is already out of hand and more problems are projected to occur in the future. One of the things that makes the global warming issue appear irreversible is the continued ignorance and neglect of the laid down laws that are meant to curtail abuse of the climate (Hughes et al., 2017). For example, some countries are already going contrary to the 2015 Paris Climate Accord that has been a fundamental cause of the deteriorating issue of global warming. More efforts being out to deal with global warming have already proven weak. For example, the shift to electric cars is yet to show any significant in the area of fossil fuel burning. Another outlook into this is the neglect of the basic guidelines that have been out in the area of climate control. Still, global warming is being contributed by deforestation that has over the past ten years occurred at unprecedented rates. The burning of large forests like Amazon has raised concerns over the safety of the climate as more trees are being brought down (Feller, 2016). Global warming thus stands at irreversible state with more threats being out across the world. The loss of the basic pillars of climate regulation like the forests and the vast use of fossil fuels has led to the pressure on the climate.
Increased population across the globe is said to be the main cause of the global warming as the exploitation of resources continue to rise (Hughes et al., 2017). More and reclamation has led to the cutting down of trees and destruction of other natural habitats. These actions are collectively adding to the danger of climate change that has also led to massive loss of basic climate protective elements. More so, the adverse needs to meet the global demand for fossil fuel and the economic growth appetite has made many governments overlook the dangers lie ahead. The world is consuming resources at a fast rate than ever before and this is having effects on the climate (Hanna & Tait, 2015). The case of fossil fuels burning only points to some of the issues that needs to be addressed. With the situation projected to get worse, the issue of global warming will only intensify and thus put more pressure on the climate stability. More efforts need to be laid down particularly on the area of neglect of the current laws that are meant to safeguard the climate (McGlade & Ekins, 2015).
Conclusion
Global warming is already a major issue of this age that is affecting people at the furthest reaches of the globe. Solutions to the issue appears far from reach due to the ignorance from the governments and individuals. For now, global warming remains irreversible due to the deteriorating cases of abuse of the global resources that is putting pressure on the climate. The major concern over the irreversible state of the global warming is that most countries are still ignorant over the dangers ahead. The developed counties have been cautioned over their actions that are even putting the world in greater danger. Rising temperatures and worsening weather will likely get worse with time as the issue of global warming intensifies.
References
Feller, U. (2016). Drought stress and carbon assimilation in a warming climate: Reversible and irreversible impacts. Journal of Plant Physiology, 203, 84-94.
Hanna, E. G., & Tait, P. W. (2015). Limitations to thermoregulation and acclimatization challenge human adaptation to global warming. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(7), 8034-8074.
Hughes, T. P., Kerry, J. T., Álvarez-Noriega, M., Álvarez-Romero, J. G., Anderson, K. D., Baird, A. H., … & Bridge, T. C. (2017). Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals. Nature, 543(7645), 373-377.
McGlade, C., & Ekins, P. (2015). The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 C. Nature, 517(7533), 187-190.
Low-Risk Investing. Without Industry Bets. Article Review
Investment Pros
Student’s Name
Institution
“Low-Risk Investing Without Industry Bets” Article Review
The authors begin by informing the reader that low-risk investing is based on the concept that safer stocks deliver higher returns than riskier stocks when all the risks are adjusted. They refute the notion that the high returns are delivered because of the fact that industry bets favour stable industries. They argue that the strategy of investing in safer stocks delivers positive returns in all industries irrespective of bets. The authors specifically tested the extent to which the benefits of low risk investing tilt within industries. Low-risk investing is thus not purely driven by low-risk industries or the value effect. They considered various Betting-against Beta (BAB) factors. The study disclosed that when more risk is hedged by investing in low-risk stocks, one can attain higher returns.
The reason why safe stocks tend to result in higher returns is because many investors cannot leverage beyond a certain extent, therefore raising the required return for risk-averse investors (Bodie et al., 2013). Low-risk investments work across industries and deliver higher returns when more leverage is needed per unit of risk. Industry neutral BAB investments deliver positive returns in every industry in the United States and in most global industries. The fact is true for every 20-year period since 1929 in the United States and since 1986 in the international markets.
The study conducted by the author reveals that low risk investment is useful both for selecting industries and for selecting the most optimal stocks within an industry. Betting against high-risk stocks earns positive returns for both industry and industry stock selection when the risk level is adjusted. This is true for 60 out of 70 global industries and for all 49 industries in the United States. The statistically and economically strong low-risk investment phenomenon is neither driven by betting on industries nor by exposure to value. It is an independent variable that functions on its own as an automatic response to routinely established investment patterns.
The article is very articulate and straight to the point as the authors express sentiments that are backed by evidence and can be evidenced by the trends in national and global stock markets. Risks lie at the core of every investment and are the driving force of the investment world. A basic principle of investment is that investors tend to settle on the assets with the highest expected percentage of return for every unit of risk. They then use leverage to match their personal preference for risk. Safer stocks tend to have higher returns because it is not all investors who can use leverage and some investors are completely precluded from any form of leverage. Marginal requirements act as a leverage barrier for some investors.
According to Assnes et. al (2014), risk-seeking investors often undermine the power of leverage by tending to overweight risky securities resulting in the overpricing of such securities. The ability to exploit overpricing is often limited through prohibition by charters, the high expenses of shorting, and the unwillingness of investors to accept such risks because of the high possibility of incurring unlimited losses. High-cost stocks tend to have lower returns because the prices often go up then come down, forcing investors to liquidate at a loss. The authors are, therefore, right when they state that safer stocks result in high returns across all industries. This is because the risks are less in such stocks and prices continue to be relatively stable irrespective of the industry. Low-beta stocks capitalize on leverage to earn higher risk-adjusted returns.
In conclusion, low-risk investing is based on the concept that safer stocks deliver higher returns than riskier stocks when all the risks are adjusted, at least according to the authors of the article. In this regard, Low-risk investments work across industries and deliver higher returns when more leverage is needed per unit of risk. Subsequently, low risk investment is useful both for selecting industries and for selecting the most optimal stocks within an industry. Whether low risk or high risk, it is important to note that risks lie at the core of every investment and remain the driving force of the investment world.
References
Asness, C., Frazzini, A. & Pedersen, L. (2014). Low-Risk Investing Without Industry Bets. Financial Analysts Journal, 70 (4).
Kane, A., Marcus, A. J., Bodie, Z., & Mays Business School. (2013). Investment analysis: FINC 421: special edition for Texas A & M University. Boston: McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions.