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Development and Integration and Task 5 State Of California
Development and Integration and Task 5 State Of California
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Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u System Development Tools and Techniques PAGEREF _Toc316505458 h 3Introduction PAGEREF _Toc316505459 h 3Task 4: Systems Development – Phases, Tools, and Technique PAGEREF _Toc316505460 h 3Why Is It So Difficult To Get Computer Systems To Easily Communicate With Each Other? PAGEREF _Toc316505461 h 3How Have You Used Prototyping In Your Personal Life To Build Something? PAGEREF _Toc316505462 h 4Why Would The CDC NOT Want To Pursue Outsourcing? PAGEREF _Toc316505463 h 4Task 5: Enterprise Infrastructure, Metrics, and Business Continuity Planning – Building and Sustaining the Dynamic Enterprise PAGEREF _Toc316505464 h 5What Sort Of Computer-Based Interactions Have You Had With Your Local, County, Or State Government? PAGEREF _Toc316505465 h 5In what way(s) did technology support or hinder those interactions? PAGEREF _Toc316505466 h 6Why Do Government Entities Seem To Lag Behind The Private Sector In The Use Of Technology? PAGEREF _Toc316505467 h 6References PAGEREF _Toc316505468 h 8
System Development Tools and TechniquesIntroductionThe proper availability of an ingenious infrastructure in information technology is fundamental to any organization’s decision-making process. In my opinion as well as drawing from practice, the most appropriate approach is the utilization of custom software. Unfortunately, there exist several shortcomings. The cost of development is exorbitant in comparison to pre-canned software applications. Pre-canned software applications encompass limitations since they are intricate to customize for an organization’s needs. Rapid development by means of automated development tools is the fundamental element for the survival of any organization. In a milieu of incessantly developing technology, the necessity for automated development milieus is increasingly imperative.
Task 4: Systems Development – Phases, Tools, and Techniques
Why Is It So Difficult To Get Computer Systems To Easily Communicate With Each Other?At the CDC, it is evident that the organization uses application software that is not compatible with diverse application software. The data base at CDC is stored in dissimilar servers as well as application software that are incompatible with different application software. The CDC requires adopting a service oriented architecture (SoA). This would facilitate the simplicity of integration across every information repositories, hardware platforms as well as application software. It would enable synchronization, transformation as well as migration of identity and generic data across heterogeneous computer systems. This would help CDC in maintaining trusted and consistent data across manifold resources.
How Have You Used Prototyping In Your Personal Life To Build Something?Prototyping in code speeds up the working as well as process of testing once the basics are understood. However, there might be a need to adjust the workflow slightly in order to adapt to it. In my experience, I have stopped wire-framing for the majority of my projects. As a replacement for of conscientiously diagramming each detail in a design, I work easier and faster with uncomplicated sketches. I begin prototyping against the users’ needs and goals, afterward these get together as more inclusive layouts. It is a grand exercise in validating decisions and encouraging simplicity too. Rather than casually throwing everything on a page and subsequently shuffling them about, as it is easy to do while sketching boxes in a diagramming tool, I tend to rationalize every decision. It is unproblematic to center on what is in actuality, imperative to get what I need to do and establish topography, flow, and hierarchies, in an actual page. When dealing with an actual page, it is surprising how it changes people’s perspectives on how a model comes together.
Why Would The CDC NOT Want To Pursue Outsourcing?Outsourcing facilitates organizations in focusing on their foundational business and may generate a competitive advantage through decreasing the operational costs. Organizations engage in outsourcing as a tactical initiative to develop quality, customer service, and minimize costs. Outsourcing may be utilized on temporary or a permanent basis to bridge staffing gaps, to learn superior quality techniques or development of faulty product designs (Haag & Cummings, 2010). Regardless of the merits of outsourcing, the CDC may not be keen on outsourcing owing to several issues. The most significant reasons would include;
Vulnerability Risk.
In the event that CDC implements outsourcing, it may expose itself to increased vulnerability of its strategic information. CDC requires that its network is provided with accurate information, especially the health care professionals and researchers. In the event that information to these entities is inaccurate, it would jeopardize the operations of the organization, which greatly impact on human life.
Quality Service.
Unless the outsourcing contract explicitly identifies a quantifiable process in relation to quality service reporting, there may be a low service quality incidence.
Public/Employee Opinion.
There may be negative perceptions in regard to outsourcing and the commiseration in relation to lost jobs. This requires being managed sensitively.
Employee Layoffs.
Outsourcing usually results in reduction of staffing levels. If it is not well planned by way attrition, employee layoffs are unavoidable. If issues of employee layoffs are not managed pertinently, may bear a negative impact on the remaining employees.
Task 5: Enterprise Infrastructure, Metrics, and Business Continuity Planning – Building and Sustaining the Dynamic EnterpriseWhat Sort Of Computer-Based Interactions Have You Had With Your Local, County, Or State Government?Information technology has fundamentally changed numerous aspects of daily life, together with interaction with the government. The role of information technology continues to expand as more citizens utilize it in search of pertinent information, procurement of services and goods, as well as participation in virtual communities. In North Carolina, the local government has made noteworthy advancement in technology. I had an opportunity to interact with the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) that are used by the local government in North Carolina. The employment of GIS is one of the most indispensable technologies that Takai identified as necessary in California.
In what way(s) did technology support or hinder those interactions?The GIS has enhanced the internal government initiatives by helping in pipe and meter location. The use of technology in the local governments of North Carolina has enhanced the planning departments. This has been through facilitating the staff in accessing an all-inclusive database that spatially depicts items and areas of interest. The GIS utilized in North Carolina is one of the most constructive tools in combating crime, among a multiplicity of ways. The majority of counties and cities in North Carolina have experienced momentous change since embracing contemporary technological advancements.
Why Do Government Entities Seem To Lag Behind The Private Sector In The Use Of Technology?It is obvious from the case study that, governments are slow in embracing technology, compared to the trend in the private sector. However, any change towards embracing technology faces numerous hurdles. This is evident in the case study whereby Takai is faced with a diversity of obstacles. In the public sector, the ability to obtain the full benefits of technology is limited and largely hindered by the existence of numerous political, economic and social hindrances (Haag & Cummings, 2010).
The dawn of digital connectivity, the Internet, explosion and utilization of e-commerce as well as business models in companies in the private sector pressurize the public sector to reorganize its hierarchical, and bureaucratic, managerial models. It is evident that Governments internationally experience the challenge of the scientific revolution and the necessity to modernize their administrative practices as well as, management systems.
The conventional bureaucratic paradigm, exemplified by in-house productive efficiency, departmentalization, functional rationality, hierarchical control as well as, rule-based management, forms the greatest impediments in the public sector in regard to utilization of technology (Sudweeks, 2002).
ReferencesHaag, S. & Cummings, M. (2010). Management Information Systems for the Information Age. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Sudweeks, G. (2002). Culture, Communication, Technology: Moving Towards an Inter-cultural Universal Village. New York, University of New York Press.
Development Aid (Foreign Aid)
Development Aid (Foreign Aid)Development aid (foreign aid) is the financial aid which the government gives out to help in supporting the economic, environment, political as well as, social development of developing countries. Today, aids projects seem to work; however, the project does not fully aggregate into major development breakthroughs. Therefore, if aid effectiveness is to be linked firmly to development strategies, then the balance of today’s allocation will definitely change. The impact of foreign aid on economic growth has become a controversial issue. According to Boone (1996), he argues that foreign aid flows as a moral obligation of the rich countries that will send forth mighty hopes of ending poverty. In summary, this paper will discuss development aid and ways of making development aid effective.Development aid is renowned to take many forms. The most significant with regards to its size and influence is the official aid. From the definition of development aid, it can be noted that the foreign is not a free resource transfer that arrives with political and economic conditions. As a result, the role of the official aid should focus on finding ways of organizing and encouraging the new partners for profit and nonprofit in the productive fashion (Bauer & Onslow, 1999). The aim of development aid is to offer technical solutions to the social problems or issues without altering the basic social structure. The aid mainly targeted the poor countries, but a disturbing question was that, why would some countries be poor than others. The reason was that, the disparities in living standards across most countries in the world were spectacularly large. Therefore, when using the capita income figures, it was found that the average of the citizens of the wealthy country were consuming much n few days as compared to what the poor countries would consume in a year (Hansen & Tarp, 2000). Other factors, which made some countries be poor include the large differences which existed as a result of using other measures of well-being that includes educational attainment, life expectancy and infant mortality. Given that living standards usually relates to productive capacity, poor countries as well continue becoming poor because they do not produce very much (Burnside & Dollar, 1997). Development aid in countries is often given for various purposes. For example, some countries may get foreign aid for building and infrastructure, expanding access to an education along with responding to the humanitarian emergencies. Foreign aid in its modern form intensified after the disruption which followed the Second World War. Research shows that development aid is very significant in supporting the economic growth in the developing countries (Easterly, 2002). Conversely, there is evidence that, the development aids’ impact on the growth is contingent on the policies of the recipient countries, therefore as the aid works in all countries, it tends to work better in countries that have better policy regimes. Although, there is more evidence which suggests that the development or foreign aid works well in some countries irrespective of quality of the policy regime. Irrespective of whether regime policy is significant for development aid effectiveness, it must be emphasized that both groups of studies happen to agree that aid works in one way or another (Bauer & Onslow, 1999).Ways of making development aid effectiveForeign aid is often regarded for not contributing to economic growth and reduction in poverty. This has become of great concern given that the role of aid is to ensure that it plays an important role more so in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Currently, the question of making development aid effective has moved to the centres of the development debates. Therefore, if the aid donors really want to make their aid to become more effective, then they need to engage with the private sectors more strategically (Burnside & Dollar, 1997). Research shows that the development of the private sectors is currently the most powerful tool that helps in lifting many people from poverty. According to the strategy paper for the Dutch foreign ministry, the paper reported that the private sectors have become the heart of the development processes, this is because, the sectors are driven by the quest for profit whereas they manage to invest in the new markets as well as, new facilities, which helps in strengthening the foundation of the economy (Temple, 2010).Conversely, for countries which have been successful in emerging from poverty in the past years, it is evident that the private sectors driven the process. For instance, a study carried out by the United Kingdoms’ Department for International Developments (DFID) found that there was an increase in exports between 2003 and 2004 which led to the formation of many jobs and additional income. In countries such as China, the study also found that the private sectors do not only contribute to economic growth of the China economy, but it also helped the country to cope with various societal impacts of the decline within the state industry (Burnside & Dollar, 1997).There are many ways in which the donors can make the development or foreign aid to be more effective. Firstly, the donors should build on the guiding principles. According to Bauer & Onslow (1999), they both argued that the framework developed for management of the corporate impacts on the human rights recognizes the needs of joining-up approach for companies and states if beneficial impact is to be achieved from the aid. Secondly, the donors can harness the effectiveness of development aid by rethinking on the United Nation Global impact (Burnside & Dollar, 1997). For instance in 1999 when the UN secretary General Koffi Annan proposed the establishment of the Global Compact, he described it as an initiative that would bring the companies together with the UN agencies and civil society that would support the universal environment as well as social principles (Bauer & Onslow, 1999).Thirdly, the development aid can be made more effective by encouraging the engagement of the corporate sectors at a country level. According to Burnside & Dollar (1997), they both report that the main aim of the donor agencies along with the host governments is to create a comprehensive development plans that will help in poverty reduction across the countries. However, the systematic impact of these on corporate seems to be very minimal (Kanbur, 2003). The fourth way to make the development aid effective is by moving the corporate sectors more centrally to the operation of the donors or donor agencies. Given that the development or foreign aid has great significance on the corporate sectors, the corporate sectors should therefore ensure that they at all times work in hand on hand with the donor agencies to improve the growth of these corporate. As a result, the United Kingdoms’ Department for International Developments new strategy to work closely with the corporate sector may be highly welcome, despite the fact that the primary focus of other donors remains “development as healthy” (Bauer & Onslow, 1999).
Therefore, it is evident that the correlation between the economic growth and foreign aid has drawn a significant attention many years. A study conducted by Bauer & Onslow (1999) demonstrates how aid to the African countries is not only increasing economic growth, but it also helped the nation in reducing poverty. However, the government of the poor countries supported by the development aid are said to be having very little incentive for raising the productive potential of the poor (Burnside & Dollar, 1997).
Conclusion
Every nation should recognize that both the donor agencies as well as companies perform different roles in the economic development process. It is therefore necessary for the corporate sectors to engage strategically with the donors to leverage their limited resources as well as, to demonstrate that their efforts for sure will contribute to pro-poor growth. As a result, by collaborating with companies, donor agencies can usually make aid to work. Consequently, the corporate sectors that were seen to participate in the aid growth were recognized to do better in terms of productivity growth.
The evidence also indicated that sustaining foreign assistance programs at reasonable levels is significant in enhancing the living standards of the world’s poorest people. However, abolishing foreign aid on the other hand will drastically cut it back. Despite the challenges of improving the development aid effectiveness, the program still ensures that it improves the effectiveness of development aid so that living standards of people in poor countries become substantially advanced.
References
Bauer, L., & Onslow, M. (1999). Journal Of Economic Development . Evaluating The Impact Of Foreign Aid On Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study . Retrieved December 9, 2012, from http://www.jed.or.kr/full-text/30-2/J02_702.PDF
Boone, P. (1996). Centre For Economic Performance . Politics And The Effectiveness Of Foreign Aid. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/20690/1/Politics_and_the_Effectiveness_of_Foreign_Aid.pdf
Burnside, C., & Dollar, D. (1997). Aid, Policies and Growth. Macroeconomics and Growth Division. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.195.7209&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Easterly, W. (2002). Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth? . Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth? . Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.nyudri.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/canforeignaidbuygrowth.pdf
Hansen, H., & Tarp, F. (2000). Journal of International Business and Cultural Stud ies . The effect of foreign aid on economic growth in dev eloping countries . Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09359.pdf
Kanbur, R. (2003). The Economics of International Aid. 1 The Economics of International Aid. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.arts.cornell.edu/poverty/kanbur/handbookaid.pdf
Temple, L. (2010). From aid to global development policy. From aid to global development policy. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2012/wp121_2012.pdf
Developing Writing Skills
Developing Writing Skills
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Developing Writing Skills
Writing is a fundamental medium of communication where the writer is capable of expressing emotions and symbols non-verbally through this practice. It is an essential part of the growth and development of skills of expressions where there is no face to face communication. It takes the significant role in building courage and creativity especially within the students during the writing and presenting assignments as well as developing their communication skills which are vital in expression even after the schooling course. Writing can be referred to as genre that of language that requires dedication and much practice to develop when it comes to presenting assignments and projects among many other formal presentations. As in any other field, there are challenges accompanied by writing and the more experience one has, the more perfection and confidentiality one acquires as well as advancement in writing skills. In this paper, the experiences gained in writing in perspective of its importance, its development and impacts it has enhanced in the semester as well as the challenges faced are elaborated into a profound extent.
In life, writing is an inevitable thing that one has to come across at every level of growth starting from the primary education to presenting information at various careers that one acquires in future. It makes education vital as the illiterate people experience many challenges especially when it comes to expression or finding a worth opportunity in the society. For instance, a high percentage of assignments, examinations and another project in school are presented in the form of writing apart from the bit that requires oral presentation. The primary part of the studying this course in the current semester was developing techniques and acquiring the required skills in writing (Engin, 2014). Well, all this has been achieved as there was adequate experience in tackling different types of writing. However, the big question remains how does one deals with the challenges which naturally leads to adamant performance?
Among the major types of writings that are commonly applied to the learning program includes, descriptive, persuasive, narrative and expository. They are all crucial as in each of them there is a specific approach to take in bringing out the point and the intended explanation. To start with is the expository writing which at all the times explains a something in the procedure. Furthermore, it is logical and in a particular sequence as well as it is supported by figures and actualities. The core purpose of descriptive writing is describing something such as a place, character among many others to a more in-depth extent. It takes a wide range of using the senses in visualizing facts such as through tasting, smelling, feeling, hearing and seeing as it is at many times poetic.
Additionally, when it comes to persuasive writing, the primary purpose is convincing the readers to get what one is talking about and accepting the facts that are being presented. It makes the writer capable convincing others making them understand and agree with the author’s point of view. It is crucial especially when presenting projects and other school work as one has to convince the tutor that there is a good understanding of the work being done as there are whys and wherefores and justifications. Good examples imply in writing review of books, films, and music as well as writing sentiments and other editorial work that tends to persuade. The other type is a narrative which can be referred as a genre that deals with storytelling and developing of such entertaining narratives. It has not been widely touched in the semester’s work, but one cannot ignore it as it as an essential category as other parts of writing. The author has to tell a story that has characters, dialogue, rational and perfect start, intervals and endings (Fidalgo & Torrance 2015).
Throughout the learning session, there have been adequate experiences in writings that can be mostly considered as constructive as the impacted a positive change and improvement of skills as well as knowledge. Among these experiences touches self-life, the school, fun, and friends in various ways. To start with is the self-life where there has been a recommendable advancement in the way of thinking and developing the writing skills. Writing is crucial in enhancing creative thinking and has to a greater extent played a significant role in developing the urge of the writing of various articles and poems touching the personal experience, the everyday life and the society at large. It is through writing that one is equipped with that confident of putting down facts and expressing the feelings in a way that every person can understand. The school has much benefited a lot from writing as there are many things and accomplishment that has been achieved through the ideas that members put down in the form of writing. For instance, many students have great ideas on how to apply the modern technology and other beneficial things that they cannot be able to stand firm and present face to face. However, it is evident that through writing many people have been able to speak out their minds clearly through the projects and other research work that has significantly benefited the institution in general (Graham & MacArthur 2013).
Furthermore, has been advantageous and has created an excellent experience for a friend and other people in the school as well as the society. In consideration of friends especially the schoolmates, many of the writing skills has been developed due to their interaction and support. In the beginning, when I did not have an idea of how to the start writing a project or other research work the great help came from a friend whom would try to explain and provide samples of what is expected. It is through writing that the bond remains strong and after becoming an expert in the field there follows a sound interaction where there developed a kind of competition to determine who is the title holder in writing. It provokes the thoughts and develops creativity as one tries to write the most impressive and eye-catching work and towards the end of the session everyone has been perfect in presenting work in the form of writing. When doing all this practice with friends, fun comes in as everyone enjoys when doing the work passion and finally appearing as the best among them.
In consideration of the experience gained through the various writing projects worked on for GSW1110 this semester, there has been a significant change regarding developing writing skills. The impacts of knowledge gained builds to a significant change regarding the difference between now and the beginning of the course. There before, the writing was a challenge and one would take hours figuring how, when and what to write when tackling a project. However, with time things change as the experienced gained through systematic practice eased things and instead of writing became a passion. All the necessities and significant parts of projects have been undoubtedly scrutinized and understood in the letter. It creates a positive mentality of readiness and competence in writing a project which was not the case there before at the beginning of the course. There were many challenges regarding the formatting technicalities there before, and this has significantly changed with the experiences throughout the session.
Mainly, the writing projects evolve as a result of the tutor feedback, peer review, own reflection and learning (Hyland, 2014). After every project is written, there were some remarks from the grader which one has to put in consideration when writing the next one to avoid the same mistake. It gradually led to perfection in writing up to the point that there were no more faults and the work was in line. The peer review also played a vital role in developing the skills as their correction tend to be very touching to a profound extent that one could make sure that there are no any more errors when writing the next project. On the other side, own learning and reflecting have been essential in developing the knowledge in writing. It is through learning that one learns new things and get new ideas that are crucial ingredients of every writing work that one undertakes. Reflection or the previous projects were among the best technicalities used to avoid accumulation of mistakes and repetition of the same errors. It is a vital part of learning as one is capable of detecting the points of weakness and work on it simultaneously.
As discussed above, writing is an engaging part of the learning and developing communication skills. For instance, it requires research and proper analysis of the findings among many other things before one comes up with the final copy of the particular work. Therefore, it takes an extra effort and student’s dedication to come up with a good project and develop the writing skills. The goals for continuing to develop the confidence and ability as a writer is working out of the course boundaries by writing individual projects and other articles as well as teaching others on how to excel in project writing.
References
Engin, M. (2014). Extending the flipped classroom model: Developing second language writing skills through student-created digital videos. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14(5), 12-26.
Fidalgo, R., & Torrance, M. (2015). Developing writing skills through cognitive self-regulation instruction.
Graham, S., & MacArthur, C. A. (Eds.). (2013). Best practices in writing instruction. Guilford Press.
Hyland, K. L. (2014). Materials for developing writing skills. Developing Materials for Language Teaching.