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Criminal Justice Careers
Criminal Justice CareersCriminal justice field fundamentally involves enforcement of the law in the society. With the study of criminal justice, students are prepared to pursue a wide variety of career opportunities such as detectives, correction officers, police officers, private investigators, sheriff’s guard and security guards among many others. When it comes to long-term goals, the opportunities from one area to the other depending with the advancement in education, specialization, certification, and promotion. Law enforcement significantly involves interaction with the civilians in the society. Thus personnel in the criminal justice field can work federal, state and local levels. In this paper, detectives, police officers, correction officers, private investigators and security guards jobs are elaborated into a profound extent with regards to their qualification requirements, pay grade, hiring process steps and duties according to their levels in the society.
To start with is the career of a detective which can be classified as a local, state, federal level opportunity, but in this case, let us consider the ones working as a state agency. Detectives can also be termed as the investigators whom their job involves investigating criminal offenses to come up with effective decisions according to the law. They also have the mandate of warning individuals who are breaking the law in accordance. The qualifications of a detective include at least a diploma in high school, but in some departments, one must have a college degree. Physical education and foreign language are added advantages. The average salary of detectives in the United States of America is $79,030 annually. The hiring process involves application, writing entry exam, physical ability test, background check-up, oral exam, polygraph test, psychological test and the medical exam.
The police officer work can be categorized as one of the job opportunities at the federal level. Police officers can also be regarded as the law enforcement officers, and their role is mainly to protect the nation’s people and property. The average payment of a police officer is $85,000 per year in the United States. The qualifications of the career include a bachelor degree in criminal justice or any other relevant field. The capability more than one language and also experience in law enforcement are added advantages. The hiring process involves application, writing entry exam, physical ability test, background check-up, oral exam, polygraph test, psychological test and the medical exam.
Correction officer is among the most significant officials at the local government whose work is maintaining order in the detention facilities. To qualify, one has to attain a high school diploma at least. The hiring steps include having relevant education qualification, pass the entrance exam, gain experience and advancing in the field. The average pay of correction officers is around twenty-nine thousand dollars annually. The information of the security guard is similar to that of the correction officers when it comes to qualifications, hiring process and salary. They both work at the local level, but the duties of a security guard include permitting entry, securing premises as well as carrying out inspection and surveillance. The private officer is offered duties depending on the employer’s taste regarding qualifications, and also responsibilities differ according to work given.
Destruction of Family Communication by Social Media
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Destruction of Family Communication by Social Media
Social networking is a tool utilized by individuals all around the world. Its design is to advertise and help correspondence. In this current and age, public opinion has made a new method for imparting and interfacing by means of the internet. Texting, outsiders and “companions”, preferences and top choices; One has now entered the virtual universe of informal communication, where information and photographs of anybody and everybody are accessible readily available. Social media alludes to the connection among individuals through the web in which they make and offer information. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat simply a couple of systems that individuals always check, redesign, and prattle about consistently. In any case, this kind of innovation may be accomplishing more mischief than great. It is changing how people communicate, as well as how people associate with one another in everyday life. Despite the fact that it is useful for sharing information and communication, social media’s negative impacts do exceed its positive impacts. The focus of this paper is to discuss the different ways in which social media had destroyed family communication.
Social networking destinations have made regular family events less affable. No more do people have to be the face to face to banter. What has happened to the days where you would call a companion or a relative and let them know of uplifting news? Presently with Twitter, you can portray your whole day to them or use Facebook to overhaul your status at whatever point something new happens. With the utilization of Skype and Oovoo, people can video chat with various relatives at one time and offer news, and with the utilization of Facebook, people can transfer features and pictures. Social media, however, is not pulverizing the family; it is changing the development of fellowship, and is putting a strain on it. In understanding the internet empowers families to talk, in actuality, as though they were in the same room (Subramanian, et al. 57). He states that people commit the error of partnering change with obliteration, …the family did not bite the dust; it simply changed—and it is even now evolving (Subramanian, et al. 63). Hence, it is dependent upon us to figure out the amount the utilization of social networking will change or demolish our family ties.
Silence during supper, postponing on homework, and checking one’s telephone as instead of getting involved into the conversation with the family members or doing homework are all negative impacts of social networking. Individuals who use social media feel the need to keep updating their profiles and always checking newsfeeds so as to stay up to date with what their companions are doing. According to Das and Jyoti, when people post photos of their family or children, they end up revealing more of their personal life to the world hence ending up destroying their privacy. Frequently now and again, individuals will not even understand that they have been scrolling the newsfeed for thirty or more minutes. Time might be a fundamental issue in all parts of life and in view of what social networking furtively commands in youngsters and parts of the group of Social Networking, much valuable time is put towards it (Das and Jyoti 226). Most materials postured on Social Media is asinine, uninteresting material that is scarcely pertinent to one’s life. There are frequently no noteworthy and significant increases procured in the wake of checking social networking. This time on Social Media is the supplanting time adolescents are using on homework, having serious physical communications with family and companions or doing a leisure activity. This could be adverse to individuals’ lives by bringing about less time on homework, consequently creating awful evaluations, and less time went through with the family that is fundamental. Online networking can even keep us up around evening time, scrolling the newsfeed interminably sitting tight for an intriguing post, and when there is nothing fascinating, we go to bed late and unsatisfied and wake up tired. Individuals are intended to live their lives, not impart each minute to individuals simply to say it happened.
Family progress is by all account not the only things being changed by social media. Companionships have additionally been changed. Not only have the previous companionships people effectively settled, yet the just out of the plastic new kinships that are, no doubt created. Facebook and Twitter permit you to become an intimate acquaintance with individuals that you do not know as long as they acknowledge you. People are utilizing it as a device to perceive what number of companion people can amass, making it appear as though people are running a notoriety challenge (Haddow and Kim 75). Simply because you have 1000’s of companions on Facebook or 100’s of supporters on Twitter does not imply that any of them is a genuine relationship. As Wang and Lily state, informal communication urges individuals to have a more prominent number of much shallower companionships (Wang and Lily 572). Today it appears that the expression kinship is simply a mark. People are continuously named as companions primarily because people are not relatives or associates. Companionships have a tendency to mean little to nothing nowadays. As per Davison, Americans use a standard of thirty seven minutes for every day on Social Networking destinations which are the most measure of time used on any significant web action (Davison 65). This time on invested on Social Media replaces time that the generation could be using reading books, having a discussion with the individual beside them, or doing something gainful. Most materials postured on Social Media is mindless, uninteresting material that is scarcely applicable to one’s life.
To sum up, as human beings depend on Social Media more to impart, people make a useless pop culture which has gotten dependent on devices to unite with others. Messaging somebody sitting at your table or in the same room is an indication of reduced relational abilities and sound thinking. It creates the impression that people have relinquished or lost our regular capacity to convey and create certified human relationships. People have complied with whatever innovation or social media contraption is presented. As people attempt to stay aware of the “technology,'” people have relinquished our entitlement to settle on careful decisions that keep our lives and relationships sound and adjusted.
Work cited
Das, Biswajit, and Jyoti Shankar Sahoo. “Social networking sites–A critical analysis of itsimpact on personal and social life.” International Journal of Business and Social Science2.14 (2011): 222-228.
Davison, Claire. Presentation of digital self in everyday life. Diss. RMIT University, 2012.Haddow, George D, and Kim Haddow. Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World.Waltham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014.
Subramanian, K. S., et al. “A Literature Review on Human Behavioral Pattern through SocialMedia Use: A HR Perspective.” International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychologyand Learning (IJCBPL) 3.2 (2013): 56-81.
Wang, Edward Shih-Tse, and Lily Shui-Lien Chen. “Forming relationship commitments toonline communities: The role of social motivations.” Computers in Human Behavior 28.2(2012): 570-575.
Criminal Justice and Racism
Criminal Justice and Racism
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Criminal Justice and Racism
A Challenge to “Race Realists”- Race Vs Biological Sex is an article written by Jonathan Perce. Throughout the article his main argument is the racist comments that are often made by certain commenters who seem too often get a free pass. The main argument presented by the author is that at times the issues that are presented on racial basis such as crime, low IQ levels and gun violence are often biased as other things such as the social economic status or ends are not often taken into account as a conclusion about the African Americans is made. His argument tries to counter Otto’s argument who links lower IQ and crime rates to the African Americans. Otto’s argument make it seem as if the whites are superior more than the African Americans which is racist. His claims including linking violence to genetics were unfounded as even the confounding variables were not clearly accounted for.
The author is able to counter Otto’s argument by trying to prove how he is misguided by his statics. For example, the author argues that while Otto acknowledges that African Americans have a certain percentage of Caucasian genes in them (20%), then how sure is he that it is the Caucasian genes that have an impact on intelligence while the 70% plus African American gene accounts for melanin and violence (Pearce, 2019). The author points out that there is no proof that the genes responsible for melanin is as well responsible for intelligence. There are factors that results in lower IQ among African Americans as compared to Caucasians such as the low socio-economic status that they are subjected to and not the genes as Otto tries to argue. The author also points out the issue of years of racism that the African Americans have had to encounter for years that Otto does not seem to recognize as he vilifies the African Americans as violent people and people with low IQ.
The author counters every claim that Otto presented with another argument to prove how the reasoning does not seem to be fair. Otto wants to make the Caucasian race to seem more superior than any other race. He does not generalize his argument but personally pose questions to Otto himself. For example, when Otto claimed that sub Saharan African had not invented anything and that Caucasian nations are very inventive and industrialized, Pearce asks the invention he himself has made. He wants to generalize the inventiveness of the black yet there are blacks who have invented things done so much for the society much of which he has not been able to. The author wants to portray that the attacker who is using race to vilify the blacks as useless individuals has not done anything useful himself despite having the genetic advantage that he seems to boast of.
Pearce also use other races, the Asians, to support his argument. Asians have often been seen to have a higher IQ than the whites yet they are not Caucasians as their genetic heritage is said to be from both the Neanderthals and Denivosians. By bringing in this aspect, he proves that if blacks are to be discriminated against because of their low IQ, so should the whites because the Asians surpass them when it comes to IQ levels (Pearce, 2019). The author continues to point out that because of the Asian higher IQ then they needed to be given special treatment over the whites including immigration passports. This counters Otto’s argument that just because people have lower IQ then they ought to be discriminated against because if that was the case then all Asians would be discriminating all the whites.
Pearce convince us by also including statistics in his arguments. He points out in arguing about IQ, it is wrong for Otto to choose IQ pertaining to race yet there are other factors such as sex, social-economic status, geographical location and just IQ by itself (Pearce, 2019). He quotes the article on Time by Catherine Traywick that points out that women often have a higher IQ than men. Going with this study then women should disregard all men opinion and see them as inferior as their IQ is lower (Traywick, 2012). Through the examples, the author is trying to argue that various spectrum would have been appropriate to use as a metric for IQ instead of choosing race. Pearce is condemning the idea that blacks should be discriminated against simply because they have lower IQ yet there are factors that have been used to defend this stance that portrays racism and white privilege.
The author uses examples that resonates with the leader to put his arguments across. He for example states how he may want to vilify people with disability or autistic people as people who do not bring anything to the society, but because of his human’s side he decides not to. He argues that at times we should let our human side out where we don’t have to make others feel awful about themselves because they are different. He adds on research to prove the inequality that exist between races that most people often do not want to acknowledge as they vilify the blacks as being too violent or having a lower IQ
I believe the author is able to present is arguments in a manner that is easy to understand and follow. He uses deductive reasoning where he navigates from the general concept of a paper to a more specific conclusion. Throughout the paper he wants to revoke claims made by Otto on African Americans on their nature of violence, high crime rate and low IQ among them. In doing so, he first identifies the argument Otto’s makes and then proceed to carefully refute the statement with a clearly outlined full response. He counters the arguments with facts on why the arguments are unbiased and as he concludes he wraps it up by portraying how if the reasoning used by Otto was to apply, then a lot of things would be different including the idea of who is more superior. He supports his arguments with proof and scientific research that has been done before.
Pearce incorporates other sources into his paper in order to give his paper validity. The other material incorporated helps one have an idea on the disparities that exist between the races especially in the social-economic status which ten d to explain the high crime rate as well as low IQ. In a research study by Costello and Angold, the African American children were likely to live in poverty as compared to the Caucasians or the American Indians (Akee, 2010). This supports the argument the author brings on how the Socio-Economic Status played a big role in explaining the high crime rates and low IQ. The article on Washington Post shows the huge arrest made on black kid’s vis-a-vis the white kids on ground of marijuana possession. The post portrays how more often the African Americans are targeted for arrest such as possession of marijuana and then sentenced to longer sentences than the whites (Matthews, 2019). This supports the argument that most often the system seems to favor the white as compared to the black children.
The objective that relate to this paper include how the criminal justice is biased and often African Americans are victims of the system. Through this paper I was able to identify the several ways which privilege, discrimination as well as social and economic disadvantages contributed to the various inequalities that are present in the criminal justice system. The paper has given me an insight into our how biased judgements and stereotypes that we have tend to affect our justice system. It portrays how white supremacy plays a role in ensuring that the blacks get judged more harshly than the whites at times for simple crimes, their only mistake being of a different race. I was able to understand origin of criminal behavior for example the high crime rate among African American was because of their economic status as most were poor.
There has often been statistics that will purport that crime rate is higher among African Americans, they are most likely to be violent and are most likely to possess firearms. These statistics have often generated a certain stereotype among individuals where we tend to believe that all African Americans are violent. It is such thinking that has contributed to the police brutality that is often encountered by African Americans especially the male. The number of African American men that have been killed by the police simply because they were mistaken to be criminals or thought to be carrying a weapon are staggering high. This has been fueled by the arguments made by Otto that are biased that begins to associate violence to genetics or wants to associate lower IQ to race. The criminal justice system often gets to award longer and harsher sentences to the black Americans as compared to the whites who may have committed the same crime. Huge criminal justice need to be done in order to ensure that racism does not have its place in administration of justice and that every person is treated equally.
References
Akee, Randall KQ, et al. “Parents’ incomes and children’s outcomes: a quasi-experiment using transfer payments from casino profits.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2.1 (2010): 86-115.
Matthews, D. (2019, April 28). The black/white marijuana arrest gap, in nine charts. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/06/04/the-blackwhite-marijuana-arrest-gap-in-nine-charts/.
Pearce, J. M. S. (2019, October 12). A Challenge to “Race Realists” – Race vs Biological Sex. Retrieved from https://www.patheos.com/blogs/tippling/2019/09/22/a-challenge-to-race-realists-race-vs-biological-sex/.
Traywick, C. (2012, July 16). Why Women Finally Have Higher IQs than Men. Retrieved from http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/07/16/why-women-finally-have-higher-iqs-than-men/.