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The Factual Issues to be clarified
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The Factual Issues to be clarified
Oil slicks frequently bring about both quick and long haul natural harm. A portion of the ecological harm brought on by an oil slick can keep going for quite a long time after the spill happens. At the point when a portion of the oil in the end quits coasting on the surface of the water and starts to sink into the marine environment, it can have the same sort of harming impacts on delicate submerged biological communities, slaughtering or sullying numerous fish and more modest living beings that are key connections in the worldwide evolved way of life.
The issues that need to be considered are the environmental pollution that includes the welfare of living organisms beneath the surface. Even if the incident was not discovered early, the management of the organization requires taking action. The environment is a place for every organism and there is need to look into the underlying issues if oil spill. Additionally, there is need to consider the legal implications of not reporting the issue.
The Conceptual Issues before Making Decision
The conceptual issues to be understood before any decision are first the environment. The planet belongs to all organisms irrespective of the size and requires no disturbances. Laws that guard the environment are in place so as take care of the environment. There is need for the human population to re-adjust the manner of thinking concerning the ethics of the environment. Environmental awareness must take the leading stage so as let all concerned be prepared to take care of the environment or face legal actions when not complying. Moreover, both non-anthropocentric and anthropocentric ethics must be made aware to everybody.
Furthermore, moral standards must be entrenched in the hearts of all persons. The standards permit an individual to keep the surrounding place safe whether it is promoting human well-being or not. It warns that action must be taken to whoever breaks the set standards.
In doing business, there is the need to know the entire categories that one can operate. It can be sub-minimal, compliance, or progressive attitude towards the environment. In doing this sustainability get to be assured. Sustainability permits the continuous techniques of guarding the environments by way of using means that are friendly to the environment.
In the end, stewardship is a key environmental virtue. Evert body irrespective of age, professionalism or any status must be a steward to guarding the environment. It is with the view that engineers must lead the way so that in creating new artifacts, new methods of curbing pollution must come along with novel ideas.
Peter’s Action
The action that Peter should do is to be a steward to the environment. He must exercise professional ethics as espoused in the environmental ethics. He must be morally upright in thoughts and deeds concerning the environment. Irrespective of the position dawning to him, he must report the issue to the government. Secondly, he has the responsibility to make the employees of the company aware of environmental laws including the management. Also, he must advice the management on the actions they should take to guard the environment. Even if they fear incurring costs, they should know that the costs that will prevail in case of the consequences are immense and is prudent to evade all these in advance. The company must adhere to the environmental regulations.
Middle Way Solution
The middle way solution is to advice the company to take possible means siphoning the oil spill from the ground. Since reports indicate that oil is on the ground and has not caused any contamination to the surrounding water table, there is need to siphon out the oil. Secondly is to report the incident to the government. The reason is that the government authorities will come and assist in dealing with the problem. I think that the government will not impose ant legal measures to the company since nobody was aware of the incident. It is going to save the company from sanctions that might arise when the situation is not made known to them.
Besides, there is need to curb any similar happenings in future by inspecting all pipelines and corrects any defects identified.
Additionally, there is need for carrying out awareness campaign among all the employees of the company. They need to be made aware of the need to protect the environment not only from oil spills but also from other pollutants. It is extending the stewardship of the environment and creation other potential environmental stewards.
Poverty and war
Poverty and war
Poverty has been an issue of global concern in the recent past. It is a state of being financially incapacitated to meet ones basic needs in the society. Regardless of the economic status of a country, poverty remains one of the major challenges anyone vying for a presidential position has to mention in their campaign meetings. It limits the opportunities, options and choices a person can make in life. In addition, poverty has a direct link with food hence the global food crisis. Poverty means a person can not access the primary health care, basic education and even balanced diet which in turn lead to malnutrition and thereafter death of an individual.
Poverty and crime have a very close relationship. The highest crime rates in the United States are recorded among the low income earners in the urban neighborhoods largely who due to unemployment patterns have inadequate and narrow ways of survival (Gaines & Miller, 2008). This is a common phenomenon in major cities around the globe. In most cases these culprits have low education and therefore their job choice is limited and therefore turns to criminal activities as a source of getting some income (Gaines & Miller, 2008). However, there are also some wealthy tycoons in towns around the globe who have close links with criminal activities. Poverty therefore necessarily causes not crime but to some extent it can also be urged that it is the crime which causes poverty. Though, poverty, regardless of the category, fires up most of the criminal acts.
It can not be denied however that most criminal activities central aim, if well investigated, is to get a financial benefit out of the process. In the swearing in of a new chief of OEO, the president in his fight against poverty said “there is something mighty wrong when somebody for the highest public office bemoans violence on the streets but votes against the war on poverty, votes against the war on civil rights act, and votes against major educational bills that have come before him as a legislator. The thing to do is not to talk about crime; the thing to do is to fight and work and vote against a crime” (Steigerwald & Flamm, 2008). Crime therefore is ‘virus’ that needs to be worked out of any society if poverty has to be a thing of the past in such a case. A fight on either leads to the proportionate decrease of the other.
War against poverty can be in a large way be war against crime in the sense that; normally, if the society is financially empowered, there is no needs to engage in such unacceptable behavior unless somebody has some social and psychological disorders in their growth and development. Absence of poverty bonds the society and the level of rivalry is highly reduced, and in turn the motivator to these indecent behaviors will actually be extinct.
List of references;
Gaines, K. L. and Miller, L. R. (2008). Criminal Justice in Action. Cengage Learning. 5th ed.
Steigerwald, D. and Flamm, W. M. (2008). Debating the 1960s: liberal, conservative, and radical perspectives; Debating. Rowman & Littlefield
Poverty and the Death Penalty
Poverty and the Death Penalty
The disparities of wealth are common and more deadly in the justice system in the United States. The choice made by judges and the jury about who is convicted to die and who is sentenced to a lifetime prison term without parole is a major challenge in the justice system. Generally, the socio-economic status of an individual influences the decision made by the judge or the jury. As argued by Johnson and Colleen (2001), pity should not be taken on a first-degree murderer due to his or her economic status. The sentence passed should be on an equal platform both for the poor and the rich so that people can have confidence that the criminal was dealt with reasonably in the hand of the law. The failure of the Supreme Court and the society to fairly judge criminals without consideration of the criminal’s economic status has lead to loss of confidence in the justice system.
Racial issues can also be tied to the economic status of a convicted criminal. It is evident that most of those that serve life sentences and those that are awarded the death penalty are blacks. A big percentage of blacks in jail were previously not employed and therefore could have problems in posting their bail. Criminals from African American descent are most probably sentenced for long jail terms and in most cases are less likely to be released on probation. As much as race is a contributor to the socio-economic status of an individual, the judgement passed is mostly based on the economic status whether black or white. The rich are more advantaged for the reason that they can afford a competent attorney and are also capable of posting bail which makes them seem like they are more interested in their freedom unlike the poor who cannot afford to post bail.
It is not in the view of Johnson and Colleen (2001) that the state appointed attorneys are incompetent, unprofessional and incapable of defending those who cannot afford to pay their personal attorneys. These are salaried employees who are given a great load of cases to work on and in most cases they lack the time to fully research on the cases awarded to them. Due to poverty prevailing conditions of those, they are most likely jailed or worse yet sentenced to death. The fear in the society is that innocent people found guilty of first-degree murder could be executed.
The decision of the court whether to take legal action on the defendant and treat the case as a capital punishment case is critical to the state. This is because capital punishments are expensive to prosecute and the reputation of the court in the eyes of the public and in other nations on how the case proceedings are carried out are morally and constitutionally dependent. The decision is therefore dependent on the funding available by the government to prosecute this cases which are bound to take a longer time. In most cases those who are meant to be executed are mostly given a life sentence in a high security maximum prison. This poses a great danger to the public if they broke out of prison because these criminals are very dangerous.
In the views expressed in the article “Poverty and the Death Penalty”, capital punishment and executions should be abandoned until the state can come up with policies ensuring that the decision to deal with a case as one requiring capital punishment is fair to all despite their socio-economic status. The convicts should be condemned to life imprisonment without the chance of parole to ensure that these dangerous criminals do not walk the streets again.
References
Johnson, J. & Colleen, J. (2001). “Poverty and the Death Penalty.” Journal of Economic Issues. USA: Association for Evolutionary Economics Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 517-523.