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Politics, Society, and Morality in the European Middle Ages and Renaissance-edited
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Political Science
The end justifies the means, which has now become a common philosophy, is the work of Nicollo Machiavelli. There was the main ideology, expressed in The Prince, a text which would revolutionize leadership. In fact, Chaucer is undisputedly the father of political science. He is a strict disciplinarian, who used his authority to instill discipline to his subjects. This paper gives a critical evaluation of Chaucer’s leadership skills in reference to Machiavelli’s philosophy of leadership.
According to Machiavelli, leadership is a privilege, which entails heavy responsibilities. A good leader is the one who understands that it is necessary to do everything required to maintain power. As he says, it is quite challenging for leaders to remain in power for a long time as they wish. This often denies them an opportunity to fulfill all their goals they had put in place during the installation. However, for him to remain power, he should appreciate the fact that no position can thrive without opposition. In order to retain power, it is essential for the leader to sustain the social and political institutions, in which his subjects are living. This is the only way through which he can establish and maintain stability through the territory. Besides, as he asserts, this can only be achieved by the use of coercion, purposely aimed at silencing these dissents. Dirty tricks must be used to solve problems. Deliberate efforts must be taken to eliminate all the infidels as long as it is found out that they are not loyal to the authority. These ideas were also endorsed by Dante Alighieri in his life in the legendary literary works.
This is attested by Chaucer, who becomes a protagonist in The Knightes Tale. He emerges as a dedicated leader, who is ready to use his authority to instill harmony in his kingdom. He uses Machiavelli’s ideologies to force the two wrangling groups into loyalty. As a strict disciplinarian, Chaucer decides to project a system of rules to regulate the conduct of people during such certain events as fighting. Upon realizing the dwell between Palamon and Arcite over the lovely Emily, he decided to compel them to solve their problems.
He used his knowledge to adopt Machiavelli’s philosophy in the way that violence was a part of leadership. By this reason, he decided to engage people into a fight, which would help him to solve this problem. He had realized that conflicts were inevitable. The only thing to be done was to use intelligence to solve them. This is an application of Machiavelli’s principle that explains that leaders should use dirty tricks when dealing with the challenges facing them. If he had not intervened intelligently, this problem would have had dire consequences in his kingdom. It would have interfered with Emily’s peace of mid because she was the main subject in this matter.
As Machiavelli states, a leader should be concerned with a strict observance of the societal moral codes of conduct. He should not only focus on private reputation, but insist on public morality. However, this should not be adhered to now and then. It concerns the times, inevitable to be immoral, depending on the situations one is confronted with. In addition, a ruler can choose acting in an immoral manner, but only when it is necessary. This is exactly what was done by Chaucer, when he forced the two men fighting in the open country. Although this did not augur well in the eyes of the public, it seemed to be a good idea. It ultimately resolved the problem which was troubling the territory. Therefore, it becomes a confirmation of the use of deceit and the exercise of brute in remedying problems affecting the people. Even if the fight results in the brutal death of Arcite, it eventually restores harmony in the kingdom, particularly when Emily marries Palamon. Had it not been for the intelligence of Chaucer, Emily would not have had anything remarkable to be happy about in her life. Otherwise, she was then happy because she was married to the right man who would take care of her.
In actual deed, Chaucer ‘represents rules and order. He’s full of wisdom and chivalry.’ His conducts in this epic portray him as a school principle who is very much concerned about the strict observance of the law. He does all that he can to ensure that everyone follows the law. This trait builds his reputation and enables him to be known by all the people even beyond his territorial borders. As already highlighted, this is also an aspect of principle borrowed from Machiavelli, who advocates for a good public and private image. While doing all these, he takes his time to reflect on his rules. He is so careful not to formulate rules, which would be rejected by all the people because of their harshness. Instead, he has to ensure that they are beneficial and practically applicable to them. For instance, when he discovered that the two gentlemen were having problems, he, first of all, carried out thorough investigations before knowing what the problem was. Later, he took the most appropriate step, which eventually worked. This was in line with Machiavelli’s assertion that an ideal society could not just be attained with ease. Such initiatives must be taken because they can help in purging the society.
In conclusion, I would like to say that Machiavelli was one of the most intelligent minds the world has ever had. His philosophy of leadership is the only secret to power, which no leader can fail to master. The application of these ideologies could help princes to maintain their leadership positions with much comfort. This was the secret behind Chaucer’s success.
Corporate social Responsibility. Case study of Elecdyne
Corporate social Responsibility
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Corporate social Responsibility
CSR is the corporate citizenship which can involve incurring of short-term expense that has no immediate financial response to the business, but instead promotes social and changes in the environment.
In the context of environmental related issues Elecdyne should be able to recognize that these environmental issues are a challenge that should be given priorities. By the management. These are issue concerning global environment concerns. They should also come up with structures that collaborate with other companies in concern to all environmental matters. Therefore, CSR in this case is concerned with systematic working procedures that aim at finding new procedures as well as solutions for delivering better environmental benefits.
Ethical business, Elecdyne should try and make sure that its business operations are in line with the business ethical perceptions.CSR in this case directs how Elecdyne will be able to relate well with the economy based on a number of areas. It is also inclusive of how the business relates to competitors consumers, shareholders, and the physical environment.
In the case of working conditions, employees stand a chance of working in healthy environments. Elecdyne, therefore, should come up with clear guidelines in order to make sure that the employees rights are respected by both the company and subsidiaries. In addition complying with the set guidelines requires Elecdyne to have a follow up that is efficient to control the mechanisms put in place.
Recycling is a very important aspect in reducing the level of CO2 emissions in the environment. Therefore, Elecdyne should a bid to all the guidelines of CSR in their waste products disposals. This is one of the important aspects to consider in the production process though aspects such as profits are much more important. The waste products of the company in this case Elecdyne should be directed to the best interest of the community .This implies that the Elecdyne should try and help the social society benefit more from its operations as it focuses on making profits.
Philanthropy main focus is on taking resources form the firms or business and using them in other important social jobs. This means that Elecdyne involvement should be n more on activates that are of low cost. That is directing resources to social aspects that does not require a lot of investment for Elecdyne
The Effects Of Stress
The Effects Of Stress
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc380253532” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc380253532 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc380253533” Positive effects of stress PAGEREF _Toc380253533 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc380253534” Negative effects of stress PAGEREF _Toc380253534 h 3
Introduction
For every person under the sun, life is a matter of stages, where an individual graduates from one stage of life to another. Indeed, this may be seen in the fact that we will, hopefully, be achieving on the fundamental goals of our lives in not time; graduating from the university. This, of course, spells the end for the tough tests, the overbearing projects and the difficult papers that have characterized our lives in the University. It ushers us into another world where we will be looking for jobs, seeking career growth, promotion, catering for bills and even starting families. It goes without saying that these new responsibilities weigh immensely on the emotions and the mind of an individual. Of course, they come with varying degrees of weight. Nevertheless, this underlines the fact that irrespective of the stage of life in which an individual is, there will always be the risk of being stressed. While different individuals may have different understanding of stress, it may be defined as the anticipation or experience of a challenge or a threat in an individual’s goal-related efforts. As much as stress is understood as primarily negative in nature, it also comes with some positive effects.
Stress is the body’s technique for reacting to what it perceives as a challenge. In line with the stressful event, the body would respond to stress through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to flight-or-fight response. Scholars have categorized stress into three groups. First, there is the conflict type of stress where what an individual gets is different from what they would have wanted. Second, there is the pressure type of stress, which occurs in instances where an individual would want things to happen in a better or faster way. The third group is uncertainty, which occurs when an individual does not know or is not certain about the things that are going to occur. Underlining the negative aspect of stress is the medical perspective which sees stress as a psychological and/or physical stimulus that has the capacity to cause psychological reactions and mental tensions that may result in illness. Testament to its prevalence are the statistics that show that a large number of Americans experience moderate-to-high levels of stress. Indeed, 44% of American adults have reported an increase in the levels of stress in the past half decade, with the economy, money and work (especially concerns pertaining to loss of jobs) being the key sources of stress.
Positive effects of stressAs much as stress is primarily negative in nature, it comes with certain enviable or positive effects to an individual.
First, stress is credited with increased performance and creativity. There is an increase in the levels of stress in instances where individuals move to a new path, simply because of the uncertainty with which the new path comes, as well as the fact that they have no knowledge of the way in which they can deal with it. Research has shown that an increase in stress is usually followed by a breakthrough in individual creativity as people try to look into new ways of doing things. Indeed, stress is usually accompanied by a rush in adrenaline, which results in increased performance in individuals.
In addition, stress is often touted as useful to the immune system of the body. Studies have shown that short-wave stress would be beneficial to the body as it elicits the “flee” or “flight” reactions in the body. This reaction results in the secretion of “cortisol” or stress hormone that results in an increase in the level of immunity in the body, thereby allowing an individual to become healthy, passionate and strong. Indeed, studies have shown that stress has the capacity to enhance the performance of the heart and defend an individual’s body from infection. This was shown in the case of patients who experienced moderate stress they were shown to recover at a faster rate than their counterparts that had high or low levels of the same.
Moreover, stress comes as crucial warning system for an individual, producing the flight-or-fight response. In instances where the brain perceives some stress, it triggers a reaction where chemicals such as “Cortisol”, “norepinephrine” and “epinephrine” flood the body. The production of these causes varied reactions including increase in the heart rate and blood pressure. This often gives the senses a sudden laser-like focus that allows an individual to evade situations that would be physically stressful and be safe.
Negative effects of stressHowever, high levels of stress may come with immense damage to the psychological wellbeing of an individual.
First, stress has been associated with the occurrence of anxiety and depression, especially in instances where an individual is unable to adapt to stress. A study carried out on students at Yale University showed that two thirds of the subjects that underwent a stressful situation had close to six times the risk of getting depressed within the same month. Studies show that persistent production of the stress hormone triggers hyperactivity in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and causes a disruption of the normal serotonin levels. It is worth noting that serotonin is important for feelings of well-being, in which case, stress would diminish an individual’s quality of life through reduction of feelings of accomplishment and pleasure.