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Quote 1
“The final sentence, it is probable, which pronounces characters and actions amiable or odious, praise-worthy or blamable; that which stamps on them the mark of honor or infamy, approbation or censure; that which renders morality an active principle, and constitutes virtue our happiness, and vice our misery: It is probable, I say, that this final sentence depends on some internal sense or feeling, which nature has made universal in the whole species.” Hume, pg. 15
This quote is found in the readings of the second Inquiry that were presented by Hume and it is situated almost at the end of the text. It comes after a clear analysis of the vital concepts as they relate to ethics and the role of humanity in upholding the same. It implies that virtues pay a critical role in enhancing co existence amongst humanity. The author in this regard places great emphasis on the same and contends that if one upholds virtues, s/he is likely to be rewarded in various ways.
On the contrary vices in most instances tend to attract punishment. He ascertains that virtues have intrinsic goodness, in that they are good in themselves. As such, they are worth pursuing, irrespective of the reward that they attract. In particular, they enhance personal satisfaction by influencing various facets of a person’s emotional wellbeing or/and sense of touch and taste. In other words, virtues reward ones internal feelings that can not be satisfied by anything else. Most importantly, they determine a person’s ethical wellbeing and arguably, they can be considered to be at the core of morality. Thus without these virtues a person is considered to be immoral and vice versa. Furthermore, the virtues and vices are a representation of morality and evil respectively.
The quote also shows that there is a distinction between reason and taste and each of these play different roles. Reason in this regard helps in discernment of what is true or false and as such, it is critical in enhancement of knowledge. Taste on the other hand presents the feelings of deformity and beauty that are represented by vice and virtue. Reason is important because it directs ones feelings and emotions in to ways that would enhance happiness rather than misery. It highly depends on the impulses that are derived from the person’s appetite. Since taste determines a person’s pain or pleasure, it comprises of misery or happiness and therefore it guides the motives of individuals.
Finally, it implies that the decision or choice to pursue either good or evil is largely personal. Every species is accorded the capacity and responsibility to make decisions regarding whatever it wants to pursue. As such, the respective feelings are sourced from a person’s internal wellbeing. With respect to the entire text, the quote is important because it provides a succinct conclusion of the prepositions of Hume with regards to reason nature and morality. In addition, it provides a clear relationship between these and how they impact on the moral wellbeing or humanity.
Quote 2:
“Now I would very much like someone to explain to me what kind of misery can there be for a free being whose heart is at peace and whose body is in good health?” Rousseau, pg. 52.
Notably, the author was responding to previous assertions that had indicated that the state of humanity is in itself miserable. These were specifically by Hobbes who argued that irrespective of his social or economic wellbeing, man in most instances tends to struggle with various social economic, environmental and cultural issues tat undermine his holistic welfare. More often than not the author pointed out that most individuals are not satisfied with their lives. As such, they tend to keep complaining about their lives especially when they face challenging experiences. They put their entire blame on the divine law for failing to make timely interventions to rescue them accordingly. This explains why a significant percentage of them commit suicide. Their primary goal is usually to escape the overwhelming changes that they face in their daily lives. The author fails to understand the side of life that presents more misery, whether in death or when one is alive.
The author implied that individuals who are usually at peace both in the physical, mental and psychological being tend to function better that their counterparts who face various challenges in their lives. Psychological problems usually undermine the wellbeing of humanity and have a direct effect on their functioning. However, life presents its miseries in various ways. To begin with, it is indicated that individuals that have immense knowledge and are tormented by the same tend to undergo significant misery. In addition, the author ascertains that comparing oneself with others or putting ones state in another person’s can be equally tormenting. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that these miseries are initiated by oneself during the thinking process and measures can be undertaken to avoid them altogether. However, it is contended that when an individual is in perfect health with regards to physical and mental health, s/he does not have to experience any form of misery; be it physical of psychological in nature.
This is because nature provides sufficient resources for livelihood. The only effort s/he has to take is to work hard and use the resources to earn a living. This can be attained in a sustainable manner when s/he uses reason too. Reason in this regard enables the same to apply knowledge and critical skills in application of knowledge and techniques learnt during work. A combination of both intellectual and physical energy would yield optimal results. This text is important and seemingly, it makes vital contributions to the entire text. To begin with, it acts as a pacesetter and enables the author to develop credible arguments regarding the topic under review. In addition, it evokes critical thinking in the reader and enhances attention of the reader to the entire text. Most importantly, it draws from the thoughts and suggestions of other philosophers and can therefore be considered to be objective in nature.
Quote 3:
“There is often a great deal of difference between the will of all and the general will.” Rousseau, pg. 155
This quote is drawn from the writings of Rousseau when he was discussing about the concept of the genera will and how it relates to the wellbeing of the society. In particular, he was addressing the issue of sovereignty and how the same was related to human wellbeing. He indicated that the notion of the general will shared an intricate relationship with the issue of sovereignty. At this point in time, he ascertained that the sovereignty in this regard should be used to benefit the entire public rather than individuals. In this consideration therefore, he argued that the general will reflects the public’s will and therefore presents its interests. In addition, he contended that the general rule is abstract in nature and it mode of addressing issues is not particularistic in nature. Hence when employed as a representation of the perceptions of the public, it tends to present the ideas as a block, rather than as parts of the whole. It is in this regard that he argues that there is dire need to outline the differences between the general will and the will of all. He goes ahead to ascertain that the general will places emphasis on the interest of all individuals within the society while the rule of all basically analyzes a coition of private or individual wills.
By ascertaining highlighting that there are different types of wills in the society, this quote is instrumental in enlightening the public of their responsibility. It challenges the individuals in power to address the specific needs of the society and further the wellbeing of the same accordingly. In particular, these need to place considerable emphasis on the general will because of the fact that it captures various concerns in the society and designs the same to reflect the common interests of the population. This is instrumental in enhancing the welfare of the entire society by ensuring that their various concerns are addressed accordingly. This also contributes to increased productivity within the society as all segments of the same are empowered accordingly. In addition, it informs that citizens to exercise a great degree of caution during decision making. Specifically, they are challenged to be informed about the decision making structures within the society and how the various decision making processes impact on the welfare. Knowledge of this would be fundamental in enabling them to ensure that their views and concerns are mainstreamed within the various policies during the formulation of the same. This is because it would enable the m to participate actively in the same by making credible contributions.
With regard to the text, the quote is vital as it has been employed in underscoring the importance of acquainting oneself with vital information regarding the relationship between the public, private will and the relationship that exists within the same. The author uses the same as a concluding remark when analyzing this important area of study.
Quote 4
“Morality consists, then, in the reference of all action to the lawgiving by which alone a kingdom of ends is possible.” Kant, pg. 42
The quote is found in Kant’s Groundwork and it seeks to ascertain the roe of an individual in creating a moral society. The author argues that individual behavior needs to be checked and modulated to ensure that it reflects similar ideals with that of other individuals within the society. Besides being uniform, these ideals need to be ethical and rational in nature. In addition, they need to have a similar impact on individuals in the society. In other words, they should not be discriminatory.
This quote means that for one to be considered to be moral, s/he needs to align his or her behaviors to the provisions of the law. This can be attained if one takes time to examine his or her nature or personality, understands the related personal weaknesses that undermine his or her moral functioning and devises viable ways through which the same can mend his ways accordingly. Alignment of one’s behavior to universal provisions is imperative in enhancing harmonic living and it goes a long way in avoiding social conflicts and deviant behavior. Notably, all individuals within the society are charged with the responsibility of reviewing their code of conduct. The universal laws in this regard also need to be in line with the expectations of the individuals that it governs.
In order to enhance sustainability, subjective aspects of individuals should also be mainstreamed in the particular law. This is because the individual in this context are considered to be subjective ends. This implies that they have an intrinsic goodness that enhances their morality. They are also dutiful and assume responsibilities that are harmonious to the entire society. Furthermore, they share a moral world that is equally characterized by inherent goodness and therefore a ‘kingdom of ends’. Thus in order to attain this condition, respective individuals should adopt good dispositions.
These should be objective in nature and should not be influenced in any way by personal inclinations, impulses or feelings. Rather, they should be based on rational and informed thought. Without the assumption of this ideal disposition, it would become difficult to create an ideal kingdom of ends that is seemingly comprised of moral individuals. This is because the personal ideas would be conflicting and unlikely to be in line with the provisions of the fundamental universal laws. Good dispositions are therefore imperative because they compel an individual to assume universal acceptable characteristics. Further, this quote implies that an individual can as well be the only member of the Kingdom of ends in so far as the same exercises the fundamental ideals.
The quote is important in reference to the text because of the fact that it provides a precise summary of the role of moral individuals in creating a moral society and vice versa. In particular, it summarizes the various comprehensive explanations regarding the ideal nature of the world, universal laws, and individuals and how these interplay to culminate in a kingdom of ends.
Quote 5:
“A spirit of innovation is generally the result of a selfish temper and confined views. People will not look forward to posterity, who never look backward to their ancestors.” Burke, pg. 33
This is drawn from Burke’s reflections on the people of France. In this, he specifically refers to the constitution and acclaims the fore fathers that were responsible for its formulation. He indicates that they performed the noble task without any reservations and included policies and laws that were beneficial to all segments of the populations. Thus the rights provided therein are sought to protect the welfare of each and every individual in the country. Particularly, he cites the Margan Charta whose provisions enhanced liberty and freedom for the entire nation. However, he laments that the current situation is not reflective of these fundamental efforts as the present constitution is compounded by various controversies. According to him, the conventional constitution was inheritable and it gave the English people a chance to enjoy liberty as well as freedom.
More over, it appreciated diversity and respected each and every segment of the population. Most importantly, it provided the current population with an opportunity to inherit property and franchises. He contends that this policy was based upon a firm foundation of wisdom and refection. It is at this juncture that he reprimands the current attitude and posits that it is devoid of critical values of selflessness. Further, he contends that conservation is a vital aspect that is passed on through inheritance.
The quote implicates innovation and affirms that it has contributed to a spirit of selfishness that is manifested through unhealthy competition and lack of regard for the neighbors as well as the past populations. Notably, this is exhibited at different levels and just as individuals; nations are increasingly struggling to secure various resources at the expense of others. This has been further compounded by the burgeoning population that places unprecedented pressure on the available resources. Unfair and unhealthy competition that is characterized by exploitation has been made possible through the alteration of the constitution that was formulated years back. This also means that this selfish attitude that is characterized by increased self centeredness is unlikely to yield any positive outcomes.
The background of a person in this respect is equally influential in determining the future of the same. As such, Burke posits that the current populations need to respect their past in order for them to prosper. This is because their ancestors played a leading roe in safeguarding the resources that they are using as their livelihoods. Moreover, these populations are also responsible for safeguarding the resources for future generations. Notably, increased innovation is compromising this as the depletion of the resources is prevalent. This ascertains that the current populations are not mindful of either the past, present or future. Implications of these are likely to be devastating. This quotation was vital in the text because it set the pace for a critical analysis of the disparities that are inherent in the current constitution and the implication of the same to humanity.
Quote 6:
“Believe me, Sir, those who attempt to level, never equalize. In all societies, consisting of various descriptions of citizens, some description must be uppermost. The levelers therefore only change and pervert the natural order of things; they load the edifice of society, by setting up in the air what the solidity of the structure requires to be on the ground.” Burke, pg. 49
This quote was still presented by Edmund Burk in his Reflections of France’s revolution. In this context, he points out that the current way of life is characterized by a high level of imitation and emulation. Furthermore, various individuals that are considered the lowly in the society are making significant efforts to be economically at par with the rich in the society. These efforts are also being supported by the government and other influential humanitarian bodies. This according to him has culminated in a state of social confusion and competition with all segments of the population struggling to reach the top of the social ladder. Notably, it can also be implicated for the inherent conflicts that stem from the characteristic aggression. At this point, he wonders what will happen if the servants want to be at par with their masters. It is in this regard that he indicates that is a destruction of natural social order. For instance, he cites that the carpenters and tailors in Paris should stop struggling to be to the same level as the rich economists.
This implied that individuals who made efforts to make the society equal or leveling it are only destructing its natural structure. For instance, this can be likened to turning a house up side down. In the physical world, such an idea is likely to yield detrimental effects and is basically illogical. Likewise, Burke contended that such efforts in the social domains are also devastating. Classic examples in this regard include over taxing the economically endowed individuals, welfare programs as well as affirmative action that seeks to accord women an equal position in the society as their male counterparts. Generally, he posits that all programs that are geared towards social equity have far reaching implications on the social cohesion as well as other facets of the society. These according to the author have the capacity to lead to social collapse.
At this point, the author contends that the natural order of things is the most ideal and therefore need to be upheld for proper functioning of the society. Besides having adverse effects on the social structure, leveling would possibly eliminate diversity that is fundamental for co existence. In this respect it should be acknowledged that equality would possibly contribute to ‘similar ways of doing things’ and this is likely to result in to loss of vital diversity. The quotation is important in this text because it accredits the numerous examples that Burke provides. It achieves this by likening this struggle to the disruption and destruction of social order that is imperative for survival. Notably, the implications of this are likely to have adverse effects on the holistic wellbeing of the society as it will disrupt its functions.
Political leadership Romulo Betancourt
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Political leadership: Romulo Betancourt
Giving direction to a group of people requires a strong personality. This therefore leads to the question, who is a leader? A leader is an individual who guides others towards a universal objective showing the way by example and develping an atmosphere in which other group members feel actively engaged in the whole process. He or she is not the boss of the team but a person committed to carrying out the mission of the venture (Thomas 349). A good leader should be a good listener focused organized available decisive confident among other traits. In the current world the most outstanding or notable leaders are political leaders or simply politicians. It is striking how politicians tend to be lumped together and stereotyped. Nothing good is often said of them or politics as a profession. This seems strange since these are the people who are entrusted with steering a country. The people that are not recognized are the ones responsible for political, economic and social prosperity of a nation (Thomas 377).
As much as people always have nothing good to say about some of these leaders, there are few who have stood up to fight for the cause of the people. A good example of these leaders is Romulo Betancourt. This is one of the most notable Venezuelan presidents. He is well known and generally referred to as ‘the father of Venezuelan democracy.’ He was born in 1908 a time when the country was violent, facing arbitrary individualism and often chaotic. Brought up in these conditions, this formed a strong basis for his political ambition (Thomas 365). He did get an early exposure to politics. His first exposure was in 1928 at a tender age of twenty while at the university. He was a student leader who led a failed attempted coup.
Just like any other leader, he was not spared a jail term since he ended behind bars. After being released from jail he spent eight years in exile. This is not surprising as this was the political trend in military ruled countries. While in exile his political ambitions did not die. In the words of Robert J. Alexander, ‘no other Venezuelan political leader of his time could have succeeded under all this circumstances.’ After coming back from exile at the age of thirty five he became a very famous politician. Since his life was constantly threatened, he spent most of the years between 1935 to 1944 underground as he continued his opposition against dictators (Thomas 367).
As the book Romulo Betancourt and Transformation of Venezuela puts it, ‘in a country where it was forbidden to the opposition to use the radio that was a golden opportunity to bring its point on view on petroleum reforms to all Venezuelans through a network of national stations.’ He sympathized with communists while he was in opposition (Thomas 378). During his time in hiding he however managed to achieve a great deal of things for instance he laid down the groundwork for what could become Venezuela’s leading party ‘action democratic.’ Since Romulo was a great leader, he had the interest of the people at heart.
During his time in opposition, he championed for democratic leadership, agrarian reforms, universal education, improved health care system as well as the overall growth of the economy. Betancourt was aware of the importance of agrarian revolution as later quoted that, ‘now the waiting is not that of frustration and desperation but that of those who know that there is underway an irreversible process of bringing to the back and abandoned rural areas land for those who work it hygienic housing schools doctors and medicines.’ In 1945 he became president by heading a group of military reformers in a coup d’état. While in power Betancourt achieved a great deal of things. For instance he ruled without dictatorship (Thomas 389).
The policies he introduced in the country such as half of the country’s oil export income is used domestically saw the government improve national housing build more schools for the people as well as clean water services (Thomas 374). The sanitary conditions of the country also improved greatly. Romulo himself once observed that on the basis of 1955 prices as 100 the cost of living had risen in 1958 to 103.4 and five years later was only 108.3. He concluded that, ‘the increase of the cost of living during this period is one percent per year which does not have an equal in any other country of Latin America. While in power he enacted a new constitution in 1947. His advocacy for progressive policies such as foreign investment policy saw an improvement in urban housing (Thomas 375).
The question one should is how he managed to achieve all this. He used a number of tactics to implement the action democratica’s policies. He constantly negotiated with and rewarded all the opposing groups. The leaders that worked with him also integrated organized peasants and labor groups into the party network. He also employed foreign policies that improved his international stature and contributed to the success of his centrist and nationalistic politics. It is no doubt that was a great leader (Thomas371). What might have made him to achieve greatly during his time in office was his personality. He was decisive. He executed a great deal of judgment and was always calm when it came to choosing between conflicting situations.
Betancourt was few of the non materialistic leaders. He never used his position for material gains and neither could he allow those in power during his tern to do so. A historian who specialized in Latin America once wrote that, ‘if moral authority and high principles counted Betancourt loomed as a titan in the history of Venezuela.’ His strong believe in practical idealism was a guiding factor that enabled him to set and achieve his targets (Thomas 379). As a good leader he was a good listener. He had a good capacity to listen to advice but kept to his own counsel. He also exercised a great deal of self control and had great values both morally and physically. His respect for the people and the rights of the individuals made him beloved by all.
Even though Betancourt could rule with a firm hand, he exercised a great deal of tolerance towards political idealism. When faced with situations that called for a keen judgment he was always able to strike a great deal of compromise between different parties and this always moderated aggression (Thomas 374). Betancourt was a man with great ambition with power, ‘vocation for power’ as the Venezuelan phrase goes.
Romulo Betancourt was born in country political unrest military coups individualistic ideas as well as violence was rampant. Feeling for his people he was strongly motivated to seek a long lasting solution to all these problems failure to see a solution emerge is what might have pushed him into politics (Thomas 381). During his political career he did what he had set out to do since he was one of the few leaders to have held democratic elections in his country as well as a peaceful handing over of leadership to the eventual winner in 1965. His denial recognition of any government that came to power by military has led to what is now commonly known as ‘Betancourt doctrine.’
From a keen study of Romulo Betancourt, it is quite clear that current citizens need to fight for a number of issues that will see justice prevail just like Betancourt did. For instance, it is always very important to realize the value of ethical behavior. We need to exercise ethics in performing our duties and exercising the power entrusted upon us (Thomas375). The practice of equity and respect is also another important aspect that we need to look at. Self respect as well as the respect for others will see people serve fairly and equitably. Responsibility is a value that one cannot ignore. To make a good leader one should be responsible and fully accountable for their actions.
In conclusion, Betancourt was a leader worth emulating. His believe in social justice as well as economic development through democratic leadership deserved emulation. Even though he is deceased, he will forever be remembered as the father of Venezuelan democracy for his contribution to the country. His non materialistic nature is a value all leaders should adopt to avoid misuse of public property for their own selfish gains. On Betancourt’s death Ronald Reagan stated that, ‘I speak for all Americans in expressing our heart felt sadness at the death of Romulo Betancourt (Thomas 376). While he was the first and foremost Venezuelan patriot he was especially a close friend of the United States. During the 1950s he considered U.S asylum while he was in exile and we were conceited to receive him. We are honored that this courageous man whose life was dedicated to the principles of the people and those of liberty justice… we join the Venezuelan people and those around the world in mourning his death.’
Work Cited
Thomas, Thomas. Understanding Politics: Ideas institutions and issues. Edition 9. Cengage Learning. Victoria. 2010.
the effects of divorce on families and children and about what policies and programs might work to promote and strengthen hea
Social problems
{Divorce}
By: Mariam Helal Aldhahri
200907294
Essay
Sociology 202
United Arab Emirates University
(2013-2014)
AbstractWith the rising number of divorces during the past decade serious questions are being raised in the literature concerning the future of marriage and the impact of marital dissolution on members of the family. Unfortunately social scientists have continued to examine the consequences of divorce only on a singular and somewhat sporadic basis. It is time that a concerted effort was undertaken to examine the consequences of divorce. There has been an increasing focus on social problems facing the UAE society. Issues such as divorce, late marriage, drug addiction, family violence and sexual harassment have become a source of concern. In the task, I will try to focus on divorce as a social problem all over the world but I’ll talk about it especially in UAE. I’ll talk about what about the effects of divorce on families and children and about what policies and programs might work to promote and strengthen healthy marriages, especially among the poor. I’ll explain the effects of divorce, and single parenthood on children. The central focus of my remarks will be to explicate the role that marital education, family counseling, and related services might play in promoting and strengthening healthy marriages.
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108086” Abstract PAGEREF _Toc378108086 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108087” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc378108087 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108088” The History PAGEREF _Toc378108088 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108089” The main points PAGEREF _Toc378108089 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108090” Discussion PAGEREF _Toc378108090 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108091” My point view PAGEREF _Toc378108091 h 10
HYPERLINK l “_Toc378108092” Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc378108092 h 10
IntroductionDivorce is the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between a married couple. Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries it requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process. The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.
Divorce can be a stressful experience affecting finances, living arrangements, household jobs, schedules and more. If the family includes children, they may be deeply affected. Parents’ divorce for many reasons. Usually divorce happens when couples feel they can no longer live together due to fighting and anger, or because the love they had when they married has changed. Divorce can also be because one parent falls in love with someone else, and sometimes it is due to a serious problem like drinking, abuse, or gambling. Sometimes nothing bad happens, but parents just decide to live apart.
If the parents are divorcing, children may experience many feelings. Their emotions may change frequently, too. They may feel stressed out, angry, frustrated, or sad. You might feel protective of one parent or blame one for the situation. They may feel abandoned, afraid, worried, or guilty. Also They may feel relieved, especially if there has been a lot of tension or fighting at home. These feelings are very typical and talking about their families with a friend, family member, or trusted adult can really help.
The HistoryIn Islamic law and marital jurisprudence, divorce is referred to as talaq Khula is the right of a woman in Islam to divorce or separate from her husband. The triple talaq is a mechanism for divorce which exists in Sunni sect of Islam while rejected by the Shia sect. Talaq (conflict) deals with the relationship between religious and secular systems for terminating the marriage in the conflict of laws.
According to Youssef Rapport, in the 15th century, the rate of divorce was higher than it is today in the modern Middle East, which has generally low rates of divorce. In 15th century Egypt, Al-Sakhawi recorded the marital history of 500 women, the largest sample on marriage in the Middle Ages, and found that at least a third of all women in the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria married more than once, with many marrying three or more times. According to Al-Sakhawi, as many as three out of ten marriages in 15th century Cairo ended in divorce. In the early 20th century, some villages in western Java and the Malay Peninsula had divorce rates as high as 70%.
Divorce is a rising family issue. There was considerable research done on this topic since the 1980’s. In 1989, the rate was 4.7 divorces per 1,000 people in a population. Projections call for between one-half and two-thirds of recently contracted first marriages to end in divorce (Kitson and Morgan, 1990). More than one million children experience parental divorce every year. The increase in marital dissolution has had major implications for the settings in which children are nurtured and socialized (Amato, 2000). There are ramifications of divorce that can include economic, social, and psychological stresses affecting parent-child relationships, as well as the potential for psychopathology within the relationship (Wallerstein, 1985) .
The main pointsThe main aim of the task presented in this paper is to provide a A brief summary about divorce as a social problem . The task is intended as a starting point for further in-depth research in this area. In order to get a better understanding of the problem, I’ll make several interviews with different generations to gather information about the problem of divorce in the UAE between the past and the present. I will outline the causes of divorce and its consequences, especially for children.. I try to discuss the problem of divorce from my Opinion and I will offer some recommendations and solutions to reduce to this problem.
DiscussionThe UAE has recorded the highest divorce rate in the region. In Dubai alone, 1,129 divorces took place last year – more than three per day. The figure is even more alarming for Emiratis, who make up less than one-fifth of the population but account for over one third of all divorces.
So what’s gone wrong? Why aren’t couples here unable to sail through the ups and downs that come with every relationship?
We used national data from several generations to assess explanations for the intergenerational transmission of marital instability, Some based on relationship skills and the other based on marital commitment. The older generation ( my grandfather) said that old life was simple and the requirements of the family as well as the limited ambitions for the future is simple, so there was no burden on the couple. The family provides financial and moral support to their guys in order to sustain life and family stability and keep safety for the children .
Now with the rapid technological advances woman went out to work and now has high aspirations in life may outweigh the level of household income , which pushes the pair of loans from banks or escape from the weight of the demands of life to his own life. Do not forget the high cost of dowries prompted some men to marry other nationalities in different customs and traditions of the UAE society which ultimately caused them to divorce.
When I asked the second generation ( my mother) and my aunts said that early marriage with poor education about married life and the existence of some wrong information may lead to repulsion between the couple. In the past sons are married with their families in the same house so imagine a home where three generations of Emirati women live together. Different thinking which leads to the existence of a gap between them may lead to divorce.
The mother may be in a marriage where she knows something is wrong, but she wants to be accepted in society, so she turns to religion or family and finds happiness a different way.
But the new generation (as me) don’t want their mother’s or their grandmother’s life. These are intelligent young ladies who go to college. They want to succeed in family, but they want to succeed in society as well.’
By discussion with my friends found that our generation is looking forward to the independence of his life away from the others and enjoy modern life and raise his children in a modern style. For more deep knowledge about the problem of divorce, I asked my father about marital life, he said: the marriage bond is sacred does not require each complexities posed by modern life and the high cost of dowries and exaggeration in requests for marriage so divorce was rare, but with the increased burdens of life and understanding the true meaning of marriage as a first step to a family led to rise divorce rates .
I also asked my brother, a student at the secondary level for his conception of life and marital problems between the couple which may be led to divorce. My brother said that every person wants to enjoy his life and completes his studies to gain suitable work enough requirements and establishes the house of life and be prepared psychologically for marriage then he can marry.
I also do not want a marriage traditionally by the family, but I look forward to the marriage of the girl I love her and she loves me to enjoy our lives together and we travel around the world. Married after a love story makes life better for the couple because all of the disadvantages of the other party bear and rarely happens divorce.
Finally , I was having a conversation with my divorced friend and the subject came up. she said that she did not believe in divorce no matter what. She’s divorced, but she did not expect it or want it. I don’t always agree divorce is the answer, even though I am divorced, but I know that sometimes it happens. Sometimes it is a good thing to happen like with abusive people and other times it is just a case of people getting tired of being with the same person.
These differences can make discussing marital problems between generations’ nearly impossible, leaving young women who are looking for advice with nobody to turn to. Modern marriage is not easy for Emirati men, either. Traditionally, material expectations of the bride’s family are high, and young men are often compelled to work multiple jobs to provide for their family. If the man already feels he is not measuring up, and then his wife starts to succeed professionally herself, this puts the marriage under strain. So why marry when there are so many potential problems? ‘There is pressure in Emirati tradition to be married and have a family
Based on the above interviews with people of different generation and estranged couples we have compiled a list of the top ten reasons for divorce.
1. Infidelity: Extramarital relationships are the leading cause of divorce in the UAE. Nearly one in five men [19 per cent] has been unfaithful to his partner while six per cent of the women admitted infidelity, a YouGov Siraj survey showed.
2. Poor communication: Lack of communication is a true destroyer of marriages. Among Emiratis, it ranks ahead of lack of love, infidelity or physical violence, according to a study commissioned by the UAE Marriage Fund. Most of the 1,742 divorced Emirati women covered in the survey cited absence of communication as the main reason behind breakups.
3. Loss of job: A job loss will tear apart a family anywhere in the world that would lead to a breakup.
4. Religious and cultural differences: In a country that is home to 200 nationalities, marriages between people of different religions and cultures are common. But when other factors push these marriages to the edge of a precipice, religious and cultural differences often lead to breakups. “Nearly 80 per cent of couples .
5. Lack of support system: Not every couple can cope with life in a foreign land without the support of family and friends. Relocation is a life-changing experience, especially when kids come into the picture. “It makes a couple vulnerable to either getting totally involved in their respective duties not wanting to bother the other partner, or them feeling very lonely and depressed,” says Mary John, consultant psychologist, Dubai Community Health Centre. The problem could get aggravated when the partner is the only support system. “We can’t expect our partner to be our partner, husband/wife, boyfriend/girlfriend, best friend, mother, father, etc. This often leads to unrealistic expectations, which inevitably lead to disappointment and often heartbreak,” says Dr Lavina.
6. Unrealistic expectations: Many couples who relocate to marriage dream of leading a life of luxury. But when reality hits hard, they often drift apart. False expectations have also been cited as reasons for failed marriages among Emiratis. Afra Al Basti, Director General of the Dubai Foundation for Women and Children, puts it down to immature behaviour. Marriage counsellors said such couples should sit down and try to work out a mutually acceptable solution.
7. Social networking: With nearly half its population registered with social networking sites more and more couples are blaming Facebook and Twitter for destroying their relationships. Counsellors say there have seen a significant rise in cases where partners have admitted their addiction to social media sites has affected their relationships.
8. Sexual incompatibility: Long commutes and work hours that come with a Dubai lifestyle not just lead to stress and obesity but also affects sex drive. According to sexologists, being stuck in traffic for hours can cause people to lose their sexual desire.
9. Financial negligence: Money often becomes a contentious issue for working couples, especially when a partner earns more than the other, said Dr Lavina. “It can be a touchy issue with couples and families , especially if both individuals have different ideas regarding money management.
10. Child rearing issues: In the absence of a family support system, many new working couples struggle to share responsibilities when they have children. This strain often drives a wedge in career oriented parents, resulting in separation.
My point viewDivorce should only happen if betrayed, you’ve been physically abused, or mentally. as it will affect your whole life and how you see your future. Divorce means failure to some and does effect ones self-worth . if there is any chance of working it out it is always best to do it that way, but it requires two and if both don’t want the same thing its useless to even try to convince the other person. divorce destroys the heart, steals your joy, and all you have worked on and invested in. there’s no way it won’t affect ones future and how they see life. I think you should do whatever you can to save your marriage. , I think if you have tried everything… you might as well get out. Why be unhappy forever? That may be a long time.
Relative theory
The best theory I found after reading the five of theory for this issue is functionalist theory, which is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. And interprets each part of society it contributes to the stability of the whole society. In addition, the divorce is a serious issue with major implications for children, men, women, and society. So the functionalism has received criticism for neglecting the negative functions of an event like divorce..
ConclusionMany factors have contributed to this rising number of divorce rates. Experts suggest that some of the reasons include couples being married too early, too many cultures in the country and the financial strains of marriage in UAE. Furthermore, experts claim say that apart from social and economic factors, couples have unrealistic expectations of married life.
“Adding to the social factors that fuel the trend of divorce, are unrealistic expectations; that is people marrying without understanding that it’s not going to always be milk and honey, but that marriage, like any project in life, requires hard work, reviews and maintenance,”. Most divorce reasons are un-agreeable , as deep psychological or mental wounds such as adultery, not understanding each other , different viewpoints , not sharing housework together , but sex gains highest rate . Another aspect relating to divorce is money , to be one of reasons effecting physical living and difficult living , domestic violence, early marriage . However, its show that the spirit living nowadays is very important and decides existence of family
Other factors such as age and knowledge difference and early marriage are not major causes leading to divorce. Since the society is more and more improved, the people’s awareness is enhanced; they have freedom to choose their wife or husband and to decide their life by themselves. Therefore, these reasons are not main ones of the divorce.
In summary, surveyed result shows that the major reasons conducting divorce are work pressure impacting to family life, many opportunities meeting people, female being independent on their financial status and different ideas. All these factors originate from society and family being more developed,
Children who grow up in an intact, two-parent family with both biological parents present do better on a wide range of outcomes than children who grow up in a single-parent family. Single parenthood is not the only, nor even the most important, cause of the higher rates of school dropout, teenage pregnancy, juvenile delinquency, or other negative outcomes we see; but it does contribute independently to these problems. Neither does single parenthood guarantee that children will not succeed; many, if not most, children who grow up in a single-parent household do succeed.
An emerging body of evidence suggests that marital education, family counseling, and related services can improve middle-class couples’ communication and problem-solving skills, resulting initially in greater marital satisfaction and, in some cases, reduced divorce, although these effects appear to fade over time. To find out whether and what types of policies and programs might successfully strengthen marriage as an institution among low-income populations as well as among a wide variety of ethnically and culturally diverse populations, our national focus should be on the design, implementation, and rigorous evaluation of these initiatives.
References
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