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The hotel business is among the most vibrant sectors in the economy
The hotel business is among the most vibrant sectors in the economy. The area requires high levels of management skills especially due to the vastness of the scope with which one is dealing with customers and employees. The business is the only area whereby the perceptions of a customer matter to the extent that, when they are displeased, there is no way to rebrand the premises and have the customer come back. Unlike in the product market where products are repackaged and resold, the competitors in this business will pounce on any opportunity and drive their opponent out of the business completely. Dealing with employees can turn to be a difficult task as it might lead to the immediate collapse of a business as the employee’s attitudes and perceptions are directly reflected to the customers by the quality of the services offered. The position of a hotel manager necessitated strong leadership styles, which I had to develop within a very short period of time. In the Hotel business, I found the democratic/ participative leadership most effective and adopted it. The style worked well for me. In this essay, we shall examine the democratic leadership style in the light of my experience in the hotel business.
Democratic leadership is the most effective leadership in the hotel management business (Brown, 1938). It involves the leader allowing the members of the group to participate in the decision-making. The leader, however, takes the responsibility of making a decision. For this leadership, the workers in the hotel are allowed to give their views on better customer service methods as well as air their complaints on what the hotel management should improve on. The workers are allowed to address the manager directly and contribute their opinions regard how the hotel should improve their working units or what should be done to achieve optimal output in their areas of work. The hotel had a policy whereby the employees were allowed to visit the manager on their off-duty hours. The manager was also required to dine with the employees once every week in the boardroom where discussions took place. Bringing the employees together and listening to their needs is the most important step. It improves employee confidence and the employees are able to salute the senior staff anywhere within the working environment, keeping the hotel a warm and welcoming place for everyone.
The democratic leadership helps improve on group commitment in achieving the desired ends of the organization (Goleman, 2000). For most of the employees, their involvement in decision-making enables them to own the decisions and therefore implement them to the best of their abilities. Motivation is also another factor that accrues to democratic leadership. The employees are often motivated by the fact that there is no one bugging them to carry out activities. Rather, they are able to do the right thing at the right time as they are part of the teamwork, and they own the desired ends to which the organizational aims at achieving.
In democratic leadership, there is a high level of job commitment among the workers (Goleman, 2000). This is whereby the workers aim at achieving the desired end for the good of the business as well as the good of the group. They are able to enjoy the benefits that accrue to such actions and the results of the organization as a whole (Warrick, 1981). In this leadership, the workers are able to own the results of the firm and feel proud when the firm does well and thus motivate them in their work places. The hotel business is more of a process whereby the receptionist will receive a visitor, an attendant takes the visitor’s order and ensures that the customer is comfortable. The chef will prepare the food and the attendant will serve the customer. The entire process functions like a body whereby, if one part does not function, the entire process malfunctions. There is thus need to trigger a strong teamwork spirit.
In democratic leadership, the workers are able to adopt the policy changes that take place in the hotel since they are part of the team that has been charged with the responsibility to bring the change (Warrick, 1981). When a policy change is imposed on workers especially in other leadership models, at first there is a tendency to oppose the new requirements. However, in democratic leadership the workers own the decision and quickly adjust to the requirements to ensure that their desires are met within the shortest period possible. Democratic leadership increases the employee loyalty and cooperation (Warrick, 1981). When the democratic leadership is well employed, employees have a tendency to operate the hotel as if it were their own and in most of the instances, they are loyal ensuring that there is little loss in pilferage or customer misrepresentation. This ensures that the customers routinely come back owed to the quality of services offered at the hotel.
On the other hand, democratic leadership can be a disaster especially in situations where decision-making has to be quick (Goleman, 2000). The leadership does not embrace quick decision-making. Decision-making involves a process of consultation and discussions to come with the desired end. Secondly, the method is not effective in emergency cases (Goleman, 2000). This is so due to its laxity in handling fast arising issues. Moreover, the method cannot be applied in areas such as battle zones or where the employees do not desire to work. It is, therefore, important to stamp authority and use another method. In democratic leadership, a leader can neglect his/her duties and hence cause the system to malfunction as they have a tendency to allocate their duties to team players.
History Major Literary, Scientific and Social or Political Developments from About 1200 to about 1400
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History: Major Literary, Scientific and Social or Political Developments from About 1200 to about 1400
Introduction
From a historical point of view, the period from about 1200 to about 1400 falls within the middle to late medieval era. Notably, this was characterized by various social, economic, literary, political and scientific developments and achievements. Various historical writers ascertain that different developments were accomplished at this time before the onset of the Dark Age period that brought the respective developments to a halt. The inherent accomplishments had diverse impacts on the holistic welfare of the populations as they underwent various changes. It is against this background that this paper provides an intrinsic analysis of three major literary, scientific and social and/or political achievements that occurred during this period. In detail, it analyzes the causes and or impacts that the respective developments had on the then population and their way of life.
The emergence of traditional vernacular, the development of prose and the development of religious literature are the major literary developments that occurred during this period. The emergence of traditional vernacular literature during the 13th century was indeed a major achievement. This was mainly influenced by French forms although the Latin dialect was also common. One main characteristic of this literature was the fact that it was not uniform and could not be easily identified by a particular ethnic group during the later years. Although most of it was mainly poetry, other forms like songs, terror accounts, stories and narratives were also identified. Arguably, this could have been greatly influenced by the traditional custom of the Latin who stayed at the road side to listen to the Jongleur’s songs.
The development of prose occurred during the thirteenth century and specifically around 1231. This assumed the form of very short notices as well as expenses. By 1250, this had undergone significant changes and the first book was published in Latin. The subsequent writers then explored different fields and disciplines including romance, science and history. This was then followed by translations in other languages such as French, vernacular and English. Perhaps the most popular literary development during this time pertained to religious literature. In this regard, historical evidence ascertains that this was perpetuated by the rise of religious movements in different parts of Europe. Besides preserving sermons that were employed in religious worship, the clergy also wrote poetry and composed songs that were equally instrumental. One major weakness of the then poetry has been identified as lack of credibility or authenticity.
The major scientific inventions during this period constituted the invention of silk, the clock and the compass. The invention of silk was a major advancement in fashion and it greatly changed the mode of clothing that was assumed by the populations. The invention of the clock on the other hand impacted positively on the structure of life of the populations. Emphasis was placed on organization of activities and the entire life became structured. Of great importance however was the invention of the compass. This was useful to sailors and explorers during the renaissance. In particular, they employed the instrument in finding their bearing during foggy conditions.
The main political and or social achievements during this period were the rapid increase in population, improvement of political organization and a rise of modern nation-states. The rapid increase in population during this period can be attributed to the social and political changes that characterized the early medieval period. Research indicates that the inherent demographic changes and population growth during this period were particularly historical because of the fact that they were not experienced again until the 19th century. The political organization of Europe has also been cited to have improved significantly during this period. This was contributed to by the significant reduction of invasions and incursions from the Barbarians.
Consequently, migrations and frequent movements ceased considerably and populations had a chance to live a more settled life. The political organization was also exemplified by the control of all the armies across Europe by the Catholic Church. One major event related to this organization was the spirited organization of crusades that sought to fight the Selj Turks who reportedly inhabited the holy land. Finally, Western Europe experienced a rise in modern states that were characterized by magnificent cities. This led to an improvement in the quality of life of the then populations.
Conclusion
At this point, it can not be disputed that the period between 1200 and 1400 was characterized by various achievements and inventions in the social, political, literary and scientific domains. Besides being politically organized, developing modern nation states and developing vernacular literature and prose, conventional populations during this era invented the compass that was useful in providing bearing especially during foggy conditions, invented the clock that led to the structuring of the lives and invented silk that impacted on their mode of clothing. Also important was the development of religious literature in form of songs, poems and sermons. This was imperatively important in enhancing worship and enabling populations to appreciate their spirituality.
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