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Gertrude Stein
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Gertrude Stein
Introduction
The world has seen its fair share of influential individuals both in the contemporary and the ancient societies. It goes without saying that these individuals traverse the varied sectors of the societies within which they live including manufacturing, politics, economics, poetry, writing, religion and even activism. However, it is evident that these individuals stand out from the varied other participants in similar movements as a result of the distinctiveness of their ideas, as well as vigor and tact with which they approached the issues that confronted the societies within which they lived. This is the case for Gertrude Stein, a modernist author who attracted admiration and contempt in equal measure.
Born in 1874 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, Gertrude Stein was one of the most influential and imaginative writers in the 20th century. As a daughter of a rich businessman, Stein spent her formative years in Europe before the family moved to Oakland, California. Gertrude studied psychology in Radcliffe College, where she graduated with her bachelor’s degree in 1898, before moving on to the prestigious Johns Hopkins Medical School where she studied medicine. However, Gertrude is primarily known for the work that she did in Paris where she moved in 1903 and started collecting Post-Impressionist paintings alongside her brother Leo ( HYPERLINK “http://www.biography.com/people/gertrude-stein-9493261” http://www.biography.com/people/gertrude-stein-9493261). Gertrude, however, passionately advocated for the relatively “new” in art, with her literary friendships growing to incorporate diverse individuals such as James Joyce, William Carlos William, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and even Djuana Barnes alongside other writers. Gertrude came up with the phrase “the lost generation”, which described expatriate writers that lived abroad between the wars. Unfortunately, Gertrude parted ways with her brother in 1913, thanks to her support for cubist painters, as well as her increasingly avant-garde writing.
Gertrude kicked off her writing career with the book titled “Three Lives” which was published in 1909, after which she published “Tender Buttons” in 1914. The later clearly demonstrated the immense impact of modern painting on her writing, especially with regard to cubist painting ( HYPERLINK “http://www.biography.com/people/gertrude-stein-9493261” http://www.biography.com/people/gertrude-stein-9493261). It is noted that the small prose poems have phrases and images coming together in quite surprising ways just as is the case for cubist painting.
The writing style used by Gertrude Stein was extremely idiosyncratic and playfully repetitive. In some cases, her text comes with a clear syncopation while in other cases, her writing flows like a persistent stream of consciousness ( HYPERLINK “http://www.egs.edu/library/gertrude-stein/biography/” http://www.egs.edu/library/gertrude-stein/biography/). It is noted that her style revolved around a literary interpretation of the attention of Modernism to material pertaining to her medium. Gertrude Stein often attempted to giver words that came with too many associations a wide berth, opting for short words that were usually derived from Anglo-Saxon (( HYPERLINK “http://www.egs.edu/library/gertrude-stein/biography/” http://www.egs.edu/library/gertrude-stein/biography/)). This, therefore, empowered the reader to determine the relationship that he or she had with the text, thanks to Gertrude’s willingness to express ambiguity, especially considering that her writing usually concentrated on the thrill of being.
As much as her writing, which featured the use of words not for their meanings but for their sounds and associations, did not get a wide audience, it attracted significant interest from other writers and artists. Some of the most influential works by Gertrude Stein include “The Making of Americans” published in 1925, “How to Write” published in 1931, and “The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas” published in 1933, as well as “Stanzas in Meditation and Other Poems [1929-1933]”, which was published posthumously in 1956.
In the course of the First World War, Gertrude was known to serve as ambulance drivers serving the French. The end of the world war saw her continue to maintain her salon, as well as serve as an inspiration and a hostess to American expatriates such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Sherwood Anderson ( HYPERLINK “http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315” http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315). It is worth noting that “The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas” published in 1933, which Gertrude wrote from the point of view of Toklas, was her only commercial success. Nevertheless, Gertrude Stein held successful tours in the United States in the 30s, but went back to France where she resided in the course of the Second World War ( HYPERLINK “http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315” http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315). Apart from her memoirs and novels, Gertrude wrote librettos to two of Vigil Thomson’s operas namely “The Mother of Us All”, which was published in 1947 and “Four Saints in Three Acts”, published in 1934.
Gertrude Stein died in France on 27th July 1946. There are variations on the critical opinion pertaining to her varied writings. However, the imprint pertaining to her witty and strong personality has lived on, as is the case for the influence that she has had on contemporary literature.
Gertrude Stein’s Influence in the 1920s
One of the most immense influences of Gertrude Stein in the 1920s revolves around the inspiration of varied prolific writers, who later on became famous in their own respect. Gertrude Stein is undoubtedly the mother of the “Lost Generation”, as she chaperoned the young novices in search of inspiration and renewal in Europe. The varied young (but undiscovered) literary giants included William C William, Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, who were influenced by the “avant-gardiste” writings and works of Gertrude Stein. Stein and William had their paths crossing when the later started studying the aspects of “being and speaking Aboriginal” ( HYPERLINK “http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html” http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html). He immensely admired Gertrude’s capacity to play with words and the American language. Both of them shared the aspect of focusing on objects that captured components pertaining to shapes and colors. On the same note, it would be difficult to talk about the “Lost Generation” without some snippets pertaining to Scott Fitzgerald. Testament to the influence of Gertrude on Fitzgerald is his first Book called “This Side of Paradise”. The book, which has three parts, demonstrates the young generation of the 20’s, which is trying to cover its general depression in forced exuberance pertaining to the Jazz age ( HYPERLINK “http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html” http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html). It is noted that the book was emblematic of the period in which the “Lost Generation” existed, with the main character living in an environment where he feels safe and affords to trust until events thwart all his ambitions and projects. On the same note, the author comes as the protagonist in the book, especially considering the similarities between the varied episodes through which their lives went. These similarities clearly confirm the fact that Fitzgerald was an accomplished writer from the Lost Generation. As much as Ernst Hemingway, eventually, departed from the influence of Gertrude Stein with their relationship deteriorating to the extent of having literary quarrels that spanned over decades, he credited the rise of his career to Gertrude, who also introduced him to expatriate writers and artists if Montparnasse Quarter. Through studying the great leaders pertaining to every movement in the “Lost Generation”, it is evident that Gertrude immensely inspired the young novices. Indeed, Gertrude by herself founded the movement in the societal margins thanks to her “avant-gardiste” side ( HYPERLINK “http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html” http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html). Gertrude was immensely different from other authors of her time thanks to the innovative and experimental nature of her works. It is noted that she was significantly ahead of the movement that she founded even prior to the coming of the authors that she chaperoned.
In addition, Gertrude Stein contributed immensely in establishing a provocative and innovative writing style that deviated significantly from the normal establishments. It is noted that her writing defied a large number of the conventions pertaining to English literature. A case in point is her notoriety with extensive usage of the split infinitive, as well as the rejection of punctuation. Gertrude threw away the European literary ideology that featured an overdependence of a highly structured narrative form and promoted the notion that writing should incorporate an exact reproduction of inner or outer reality, rather than having emotion as the source of literature. In a lecture at Cambridge and Oxford, Stein outlined the theoretical basis pertaining to the experimental prose. She argued that the artistic and cultural contexts have an impact on the manner in which literary works are written and read (Simon 17). She outlined the fact that there are instances where the reader does not share the same context with the writer. In instances where writers bring in new perceptions and patterns of thinking, their works may be deemed avant-garde and impenetrable (Simon 17). This was, essentially, the case for her thoughtful works, which are testament to the complex and deep intellectual basis for her literary productions. As much as Gertrude left her home in the course of the Second World War, she left a legacy of normative divergence that continued well into the subsequent decades, as she had laid the foundation for future European women generations to cut ties with the reigning conventions and reshape their lives and their societies according to their likes and preferences (Simon 17).
On the same note, Getrude Stein played an immense role in eliminating the stigma that came with being gay or a homosexual. Indeed, Gertrude is not only credited with being a trailblazer for atheists and even the burgeoning a new school pertaining to modernist writers but also as a pioneer for homosexuals ( HYPERLINK “http://womenineuropeanhistory.org/index.php?title=Gertrude_Stein” http://womenineuropeanhistory.org/index.php?title=Gertrude_Stein). Her homosexual tendencies may have been hidden in her literary works but she never made any attempts at hiding her homosexual relationships in real life. This was at a time when such tendencies were frowned upon. Her well chronicled homosexual relationship was with her secretary named Toklas, with whom she met on 8th September, 1907. Indeed, it is noted that Gertrude openly courted Alice Toklas in spite of the immense discomfort that her family and friends had with the tendencies. This was, essentially the reason for their going separate ways with her brother Leo, who was extremely uncomfortable with the fact that Alice had moved into the apartment that they Leo shared with his sister. Alice not only became Gertrude’s secretary but also took up the responsibilities pertaining to all household operations, while Gertrude concentrated with writings that increasingly revolved around her relationship with Alice. The rejection of the identity that had been crafted on her and other women by the society allowed Gertrude Stein to open up varied opportunities for future European women generations to upend societal expectations, as well as truly craft individual and autonomous identities ( HYPERLINK “http://womenineuropeanhistory.org/index.php?title=Gertrude_Stein” http://womenineuropeanhistory.org/index.php?title=Gertrude_Stein).
In conclusion, Gertrude Stein was one of the most influential and imaginative writers in the 20th century. As a daughter of a rich businessman, Stein spent her formative years in Europe before the family moved to Oakland, California. Gertrude is primarily known for the work that she did in Paris where she moved in 1903 and started collecting Post-Impressionist paintings alongside her brother Leo. Gertrude, however, passionately advocated for the relatively “new” in art, with her literary friendships growing to incorporate diverse individuals such as James Joyce, William Carlos William, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and even Djuana Barnes alongside other writers. Gertrude came up with the phrase “the lost generation”, which described expatriate writers that lived abroad between the wars. As much as her writing, which featured the use of words not for their meanings but for their sounds and associations, did not get a wide audience, it attracted significant interest from other writers and artists.
Nevertheless, One of the most immense influences of Gertrude Stein in the 1920s revolves around the inspiration of varied prolific writers, who later on became famous in their own respect. Gertrude Stein is undoubtedly the mother of the “Lost Generation”, as she chaperoned the young novices in search of inspiration and renewal in Europe. In addition, Gertrude Stein contributed immensely in establishing a provocative and innovative writing style that deviated significantly from the normal establishments. It is noted that her writing defied a large number of the conventions pertaining to English literature. Lastly, Getrude Stein played an immense role in eliminating the stigma that came with being gay or a homosexual. Indeed, Gertrude is not only credited with being a trailblazer for atheists and even the burgeoning a new school pertaining to modernist writers but also as a pioneer for homosexuals.
Works cited
Gertrude Stein biography. Bio Full Story. Web Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.biography.com/people/gertrude-stein-9493261” http://www.biography.com/people/gertrude-stein-9493261
Poetry.Org. Gertrude Stein, retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315” http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315
Simon, Linda. Gertrude Stein, 1874-1946. Jewish Women’s Archive, 2009 Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/stein-gertrude” http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/stein-gertrude
Gertrude Stein. The Lost Generation and Gertrude Stein. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html” http://gertrudestein.e-monsite.com/pages/the-lost-generation-and-gertrude-stein.html
The European Graduate School. Gertrude Stein – Biography, retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.egs.edu/library/gertrude-stein/biography/” http://www.egs.edu/library/gertrude-stein/biography/
Gertrude Stein: A Critical Biography. Women in European History, web retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://womenineuropeanhistory.org/index.php?title=Gertrude_Stein” http://womenineuropeanhistory.org/index.php?title=Gertrude_Stein
The components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality
The components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality
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Introduction
From the very long time psychologists have been studying the people’s personality and how they differ between different individuals. The study of psychology is concerned with who the person is and why individuals are different in the manner of thinking and behavior. The psychological approach to personality argues that the person’s behavior and traits are determined by the childhood experiences which determines the person’s fears, desires, and gives motivation towards the intelligent levels throughout the individual’s life (Plotnik $ Kouyoumdjian, 2011). Various scientists have come up with different theories to try and explain different approaches towards the human psychology and why human behave in different ways. Among these scientists are; Freud, Jung, and Adler, whose theories are discussed below.
Psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler
Freud’s theory pointed about the basic concepts of psychoanalytic approach where he argued that people are motivated to satisfying sexual needs, and that human behavior is influenced by the awareness of the unconscious conflicts and also behavior is determined by the past events. Freud’s theory also explains about the three levels of consciousness which are: Conscious mind, Preconscious mind and Unconscious mind. From the theory the structure of personality is made up of three components: Id, Ego (primary conscious) and Superego. Id is the source of libido, that’s to say, it is an unconscious mind which need to be satisfied without minding about the end results. The Ego or the primary conscious satisfies the Id and is concerned about the results although the mind is conscious but immature. The Superego understands the morals and is the driver of the human personality which defines right and wrong. The individual has a conscious mind (Kaufman, 2009).
Carl Jung theory, like the Freud’s theory, also relates to human behavior. It was based on making the unconscious conscious. Jung disliked the unconscious and termed them as nothing but people with no sense of direction. Contradicting with the Freud’s theory, Jung’s theory is divided into three parts namely; ego, personal unconscious and collective unconscious. Jung identifies ego with the conscious mind whereas Freud identified ego with unconscious mind. The personal unconscious mind is somehow related to the ego but implies anything not conscious at the moment and does not contain the instincts as it is in the Freud’s theory. The personal unconscious is identified by the situations which are in someone’s mind but seems to be forgotten due to the memory loss. The collective unconscious is the representation of an inborn knowledge inherited from the parents but nobody can justify it. Collective unconsciousness will influence the behaviors and what the individual passes through but they reflect into someone’s mind after getting the consequences. Jung’s theory talks about the Archetypes which is a content of collective unconscious. An individual will only identify the existence of something when it appears and calls for an action to be taken towards it. He talks about the mother archetype which argues that every human being was born and it is through the mother that one learned to how to live from young age (Kaufman, 2009).
Alder’s theory was base on striving for perfection, which signifies that everybody has the desire to fulfill life goals. Alder came up with the phrase ‘aggression drive’ which talks about one’s reactions when some needs like eating, having sex and loving are not satisfied when the urge comes. Alder contradicts with Freud on this phrase since he said that aggression does not mean acting in a negative manner in which Freud had expounded in the sex drive in his psychoanalytic theory. Alder also claimed that everyone has a need of compensation which is a desire to overcome. Every person is faced with different problems and therefore calls for a need to overcome them (Plotnik $ Kouyoumdjian, 2011).
It is clear from the three theories that each scientist was striving to bring out a certain point. Freud was much concerned with the sexuality; Jung based his theory on archetypes while Adler was concerned about the need of power and how people strive to acquire power and recognition. The two scientists Jung and Alder based their argument from Freud’s theory. There are two characteristics of these theories that are agreed upon. First, they are all explaining why the human beings behave the way they are. They explain the reasons why people do some thing and what forces drive them into certain actions. Secondly, the theories lays a lot of emphasize on the childhood life of an individual. How an infant copes with the situations of life at earlier ages and how these relate to the older age. On the other hand there are some characteristics which are not true towards the life of an individual. The theories are so much concerned with the sources of people characters but do not mention about the relationship between creation and people behavior. They also have not explained how the environment changes the behavior of a person.
The stages of Freud’s theory
There are five psychosexual stages on Freud’s theory namely: oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage. The oral stage starts from birth to one year where the individual needs are granted orally through suckling, chewing and biting. In the anal stage, the body needs are met through waste elimination. The phallic stage (3-5 years) is where the needs are met through genital stimulation and some developments occur differently in both boys and girl. Two things are seen on this stage, Oedipus complex where the boy develops sexual desire towards the mother and begins to fear the father and Electra complex where girls will have desires for their father and ignore the mother due to lack of protection. The latency stage will occur after the above conflicts are resolved and lasts until the age of 7 years. Genital stage is the last and is characterized by genital development, libido and desire for sex. From the above stages it is clear that one will become fixed at one stage if the issues on that stage are not resolved and these characters will dominate to adulthood. In order to reduce the anxiety there is need to do away with conscious mind and employ the unconscious mind (Kaufman, 2009).
Uses of Freudian defense mechanism
In the repression mechanism, the thoughts of an individual are not accessed by suppressing them. An example is where a child being molested suppresses the bad scenes and gets them out of the memory. Another mechanism is denial where an individual can refuse to accept bad news even if they are true. For example, when you hear of a friend’s death you do not accept it at all. Rationalization is another mechanism which occurs through justifying events which have already occurred. For example, a man may rape a lady to fulfill his desires not worrying about the consequences.
Conclusion
From the above theories, psychology plays an important role in an individual’s life. By understanding the above theories there is a clear knowledge on why some people have to behave in a certain way and also, it helps a person to relate with others in the society. Some incidences can be avoided naturally when we get to understand each other and also when these theories are related to daily life.
List of references
Rod Plotnik & Haig Kouyoumdjian, (2011). Introduction to Psychology, Wadsworth Cengage
Learning: Linda Schreiber. Retrieved from:
http://www.googlebooks.com
Walter Kaufman, (2009). Freud, Adler, and Jung, Discovering the Minds, Volume 3. Transaction
Publishers: New York. Retrieved from:
http://www.googlebooks.com
Gertrude is a powerful woman who does what she thinks is right for her and can forfeit her life for her loved one
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Thesis: Gertrude is a powerful woman who does what she thinks is right for her and can forfeit her life for her loved one.
Gertrude’s character:
Her immoral actions of committing murder
Her love for her son
Hamlets anger
Hamlets reaction after the mother’s remarriage
Women of power have the mandate to do what they feel is right, and they can do anything to safeguard their family.. Gertrude is the queen of the Denmark and she is the mother of Hamlet the prince of Denmark. She was married to Hamlet the king of Denmark where after his death she was then married to Claudia the brother of the former king. Claudia is the one who takes after Hamlet and then he becomes the king of Denmark. Gertrude was married to Claudia two weeks after the death of her husband. Her son Hamlet was satisfied by his mother’s decision. Gertrude is an adulterer because she always had an affair with the current king even before the husband is dead. Gertrude realizes her mistake of remarrying so quickly after hamlet scolds so mercilessly to her. She is a caring mother because she did her best to protect her son. This is seen when she accepts the son’s appeal to no longer share the king’s Claudia bed and also promised the son that she will hide the truth from King Claudia (Shakespeare& Mueller 52). Gertrude is also a murdered because she collaborated with King Claudia in killing king hamlet.
Queen Gertrude remarried two weeks after her husband’s death. She married the brother to king hamlet who became the king of Denmark. Gertrude and King Claudia were lovers even before her husband had died. They used to have an affair behind her husbands back where they decided to get married immediately after the death of her husband. The two killed king hamlet so that they can continue with their affair openly. The son was distressed with her mother’s action for remarrying so quickly and more so to his uncle who he believes is the one who is responsible for his father’s death (Shakespeare & Durband 67). He lacks respect for his mother and developed so much hatred towards his uncle. Gertrude was so much in love with Claudius in that she always defended him when the son bad mouths him. She always remained loyal to him even though her love for Claudius is wrong by moral standards. She protects her husband from the mob in that she was forced to lie so as to protect her family. She was concerned for a son in the duel even though she never knew that it was just a trap.
Even though Gertrude told the king about her son’s killing, she tried her best to protect him from Claudius. It hurts her to see her son being disturbed by the marriage and his father’s death. When the son started acting like a man, she did set a commission of inquiry to investigate the cause of the son’s behaviors. She was also interested in knowing her son’s plan about the king. She could not bear seeing her husband hurt as well as her son. She is a mother who cared about her family in the she would use lies to protect her family. Although she was pissed with her son’s disrespect, she never turned her back on him at any one time. She was there for her son when he passed through difficulty moments in his life. Gertrude’s act clearly shows her love for her son who according to the play was the only child. Gertrude did not allow the king to hurt her son even though he was the king. She eliminated those who were against her son and made sure that they did not do any harm to him.
Hamlet the son of Claudia was not happy with what had happened. His father’s death traumatized him but his mother’s marriage to his uncle depressed him more. He so much protested on his mother’s act. This action made him develop so much hatred to his uncle who is the current king of Denmark. He believed that Claudius was the one responsible for his father’s death. It did hurt him seeing his other getting married to the killer. His mother’s marriage brought about the suspicion that she was also involved in the killing. It was not logical to him that somebody could remarry immediately after his or her spouse’s death. He was also disturbed by the fact that his mother did not mourn much when his father passed on. Hamlet’s hatred for his uncle was proven when he stubbed Polonius thinking that it was Claudius who was hiding in the arras (Shakespeare & Durband 45). This happened when his mother called him in her house so that she can know what exactly disturbed his son. After Gertrude yelled to her son that she might kill him and the son shouted in protest, Polonius who was hiding made noise whereby hamlet turned to his hiding place and stubbed him thinking it was Claudius the king. His mother’s remarriage made him disrespect the mother in that he was addressing like the queen of the country by calling her madam instead of mum. Nevertheless, hamlet has some grudge with his uncle and he aspires to revenge for his father’s death. When the king finds that his nephew hates him that much and he has desires to revenge, he strikes deals of doing away with him so that he will have no room of revenging. He sets hamlet’s closets friend’s to investigate on his plans and then kill him so that he cannot pursue his plans.
Gertrude had a feeling that his son’s behaviors are out of his madness and not his normal state. It crossed her mind that her son is insane when he stubbed Polonius out of his anger. Her thought about the son’s madness made her inform her husband about the murder her son committed though there was an agreement that she should not tell the king about the killing. Although she told the king about the killing, she protected the son from anything bad happening to her. When the king had the plans of poisoning hamlet, she decided to take the poison herself and die rather than the son dying (Shakespeare& Balistreri 15). She portrays her love for her son in that she would do anything for the sake of her son’s safety. This shows how loving and caring she is to her family.
Gertrude the queen of Denmark is examined as a murderer. This is because she is believed to be responsible of Ophelia’s death and the death of her husband. She is a murderer because she witnessed the death of Ophelia and she did not help her out of the danger. Gertrude watched Ophelia drown until she died. She all along believed that her son’s madness was caused by his girlfriend Ophelia (Shakespeare Forrest& Timmins 72). Gertrude was also not pleased with Ophelia’s action of betraying her son by joining hands with the king to investigate and kill him. Ophelia changed her mind on hamlet after her father’s death which was performed by her boyfriend. Gertrude was the one who delivered notice of the Ophelia’s death which brings suspicion in her involvement. In addition, she was the one who killed her husband. In the play, as they both were expressing love to one another, she pretends to be so much in love with him but she had a hidden intention. This is where she laid him and poured poison in his ear and Claudius walked and got away the crown from hamlet. Gertrude was the one who got the crown from him, kissed him and gave it his brother who she got married to later. After the husband is dead, she pretended to mourn for few days but in her heart it was a smile of the fortune. Due to her sex many people including her son did not suspect her for the king’s death. Claudius was the one people suspected of the king’s death.
In conclusion Gertrude is the queen and the mother of hamlet who is the prince of Denmark. She is an immoral woman but she is still a caring mother. She is involved in a number of killings which include her husband’s and her son’s girlfriend. She collaborated with Claudia to kill her husband because she seems not to have loved him. Ion play she is seen to have affairs with her husband’s brother even before the husband had died. Although she had an affair with him she is not termed as an adulteress because she got married to Claudia after the husband had died. This act of getting married immediately after her husband’s death did not please her son. This is because the son believed that his uncle was the one responsible with his father’s death. This is why she was so much traumatized with their marriage. The son also suspected that his mother might have been involved in the same. Gertrude was also the one responsible for Ophelia’s death. She was there when the girl lost her life without saving her. She was `also the one who delivered the notice about her death and this makes her look guilty.
Apart from Gertrude’s evil behaviors, she was a caring and loving mother. Her care for her son is seen when she protects the son from the king. It irritates her seeing her son being traumatized because of what happened that is her marriage and his father’s death. Even if her son hated her husband, she still loved him and protected him. She also shows her to the son when she takes the poison that was meant for her son. She decided to die herself rather than her son. She died without saying a word about the country though she new that there were some corruption going on in the country. This highly shows love for her family.
References
Noel B., Hamlet Studies, Vikas Pub. Michigan, 2008, 56-89.
Shakespeare H., Forrest E. & Timmins S., Hamlet, Sampson Low, New York, 2003, 45-87.
Shakespeare W. & Balistreri F. Hamlet, Heinemann, New York, 2004, 12-76.
Shakespeare W. & Durband, Hamlet: Shakespeare Made Easy ,.Nelson Thornes Texas, 2000, 35-89.
Shakespeare W. & Mueller J., Hamlet : Prince of Denmark, Barron’s educational series, California, 2002, 34-67.