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Anthology Outline
Paula Urdaneta
University of Houston
ENGL 2330
Professor Bass
Anthology Outline
Theme: The main theme for stories presented is humanity itself and how is viewed through different perspectives, times and societies.
Introduction: Life can be observed in many ways, as meaningful or as meaningless as one can feel. In fact, humans are particularly sentient beings; with physical, emotional and mental responses to everything in their vicinity. Therefore, the thought of creation or destruction of life will always be present in nature as well of the possibility of artificial life to create an ideal or desired self.
Thesis: Despite artificial life, technological advances and virtual reality, humans by nature are able to feel empathy regardless of any situation they encounter themselves by their sacred and unique identity that acts as a tool to allow them to be real. Background information: Since humans were not created with an inherent purpose, it is natural that humans experience existential crises throughout their lifetime. Without facing these events it is impossible to truly discover or decide what meaning they wish to grant to their existence.
Main Point #1: In the works of Mary Shelley, “Frankenstein” is based on the creation of artificial life through the vast and advanced capacity of knowledge from a scientist who was desperate for greatness and success. This unleashed desire led his actions repercute against his life and the creature’s presenting negative events. Victor Frankenstein, sins he did not get his desire results, he proceeds to reject and hate his own creation.
Analysis: Due to the creator’s rejection towards the creature, this one itself develops unpleasant behaviors that make him seem “less human”. Ironically all humans when presenting rejection and lack of nurture, they naturally demonstrate unpleasant characteristics which means the creature/monster is as human as any other.
Main Point #2: The lack of empathy is present when humans do not allow themselves to feel and understand others. Rejection is the main factor that society is divided and eventually faces hardships and possible destruction. In the works of Phillip Dick, “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep” society is divided by real and artificial humans where the only factor that can serve to distinguish them is empathy. Even though humans in this story experience the means to be empathetic, ironically they contradict themselves by rejecting artificial life.
Analysis: In this futuristic world technological advances propasses humanity creating artificial life leading to society having to learn tolerance and acceptance.
Main Point #3: Technology has surpassed natural life by creating a dystopian futuristic world filled with a cybernetic culture. In the works of William Gibson, “Neuromancer” society is absorbed by technology and sees the value of life based on their capacity to connect to the “cyberspace”. Characters reject their natural human qualities and prefer to feel “high enough” in order to feel connected to their desired reality. To the extent of harming themselves with their lifestyle provoking dependency and addictions.
Analysis: This story resembles the harms humans can face with the imminent dangers of speeding technological advances.
Conclusion: Through paralleling a real society with a nightmarish futuristic dystopias these different stories but yet similar propose that the following traits are what determines who is a human being as a living soul who naturally develops a need for belonging. It is important to keep in mind that our own experiences and existences define and shape the views as worthy of being called a “human” despite being artificial or lost in reality.
Works Cited
Dick, Phillip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Ballantine Books, 1968.
Gibson, William. Neuromancer. 1st ed., Penguin Group, 1984.
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein, edited by Stanley Appelbaum and Candace Ward, Dover Publications, INC, 1994.
Historical Events in Strengthening and Conditioning
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Historical Events in Strengthening and Conditioning
World War II
The Second World War is one of the modern historical events that played a role in developing strengthening and conditioning. The Second World War was a labor-intensive undertaking in the 20TH century, and many countries had not prepared for the time it dragged on. During the war, many countries expanded their military personnel quickly and as demand increased spontaneously. As more men were drafted into the army and police forces, there was a realization that most of those recruited were unfit for combat. After the war, there was a realization that draftees needed to undergo cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and strength testing to promote their fitness. The battle was necessary as there was increased interest in fitness as many people started to be interested in strengthening and conditioning their body muscles. I feel that the Second World War played a role in creating awareness of the need for people to live a healthier lifestyle. After the war ended, many former soldiers returned to their communities and established fitness centers, encouraging more people to start muscle strengthening and conditioning.
The Election of John F. Kennedy as president
Another historical event that led to the popularity of strengthening and conditioning was the election of President John F. Kennedy. He became a significant promoter of fitness, which influenced people to adopt healthier lifestyles across all ages. He changed the President’s Council on Youth Fitness to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness headed by Bud Wilkinson. Many pilot youth fitness centers were established. The election of John F. Kennedy into office was critical in the evolution of strengthening and conditioning in the country. It encouraged more people to ride instead of walking and engage in sports rather than being spectators. I feel that President John F. Kennedy became an inspiration for many Americans to live a healthier lifestyle and be fit, resulting in the rapid expansion of muscle strengthening and conditioning to ensure endurance.
Where the industry is now and what to expect for the future.
Activity trackers are a big trend in the fitness industry as people want to track their exercises and movements. Wearable technology is a multi-billion dollar industry, and we can expect it to continue expanding. I think that more of these wearables will be improved to better monitor metrics like stress levels, temperatures, walking distance, and sleep. We can also expect virtual fitness groups to dominate the fitness industry as more people adopt technology to collectively work with others to achieve their fitness goals.
Environmental issues, importance of Environmental Authority
Environmental issues
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With the many environmental reforms over the past decades, Environmental Authority still remains the centre focus to see the various environmental recommendations to being implemented in many countries. Environmental issues have gained a lot of increasing importance to humanity as many environmental concerns are daily addressed and implemented. One of the responsibilities of man is to protect and preserve the natural resources, some of which have been mismanaged and misused. The purity of nature is attached to its beauty and the existence of protective measures upon it. However, faced with many challenges, it is a common knowledge that the activities of man have made nature vulnerable to exploitation, and generally misuse. This has called for various governments to form specific agencies that manage environmental concerns regionally. The targets of such agencies are to control naturally degrading activities such as pollution, depletion of natural resources, improvement of environment as well as its protection. This calls for close analysis of environmental authority and their roles in protecting, preserving, and managing the environment.
With the trend of globalization process, many countries in the world are becoming industrious since production of different products has enormously advanced. In order for the environment, for instance natural resources, to be safe and cleaner, the environmental authority is formed with the mandate to regulate environmental effects due to various activities in a particular region. the environmental authority develop and implement programs that monitor, describe and identify some of the adverse impacts to the values of the environmental water quality and flows which are undermined by authorized mining activities. They are also mandated to do the following:
Promote educational environmental programs that create public awareness of the environmental issues
Establish and develop national standards for environmental factors
Monitor and regulate the compliance with the standards and criteria relating to environment
The appropriate legal control measures to prevent environmental degradations
Develop and create effective policies for management of environmental concerns
The aspect of environment authority is associated with the above roles and functions as far as management of public health and environmental matters are concerned. These responsibilities range from monitoring and inspecting the environmental parameters to integration of pollution control. Environmental Authority is empowered by two main examples;
Intervention in the price mechanism, which involve environmental taxes and subsidies.
Control and command measures, which involves regulations and directives.
The authority use the formulated policies to ensure efficiency in the use for resources, manage renewable and non-renewable resources as well as providing deserved incentives for low missions. Certain products or services may possess polluting effects, and are therefore viewed harmful to the environment. For instance the government through the environmental authority may increase or introduce environmental tax on specific product in order to control its demand and supply. The goal of this directive may be to assist in the reduction of production levels towards some estimated social optimum level of production.
Environment has also suffered due to pollution effect of the industrial or production aftermaths. Certain externalities of negative do occur as a result of some manufacturing activities which may in the end create pollution of various types and impose clean-up costs and health costs to the society. In such a case, the producer would be forced by the Environment Authority to pay for the environmental costs of pollution. This would mean therefore that the society suffers environmental effects if the Environmental Authority fails to control or regulate these producers of certain goods and services. Industrial products driven to rivers, streams and other water flows cause water pollution and more harms to plants, animals and even to humans. Regulatory approaches to controlling population can lead to higher total costs of pollution drop. Consider the situation of two polluters with different marginal pollution costs. A marginal pollution cost curve will show the cost to the farmer after agreement to comply with the pollution standards set by the Environmental authority. Assuming a constant level of production, upon the introduction of the regulations by the authority, the production may be reduced to half, particularly if the cost of reducing pollution had cost the farmer half of the production the previous time. If each farm is required to reduce its pollution by this amount, the costs of reducing the marginal unit of pollution are much higher on one farm than the other.
This approach may be improved through the introduction of trade emissions permits. Producers are given permits by the Environmental Authority the right to pollute, at a cost which increases as the rate of pollution increase. Some countries, especially the OECD countries have adopted the polluter pay rule to control some of the negative impacts of environmental pollutions. The authority ensures that producers compensate for their negative externality that they have created to the society.
Amidst all the environmental challenges, the Environmental Authority have come very strong in facilitating and promoting environmental awareness through their continued positive approaches to saving the natural resources. Using various mechanisms to enforce their policies, environmental factors have become a global concern and various technological applications are being introduced to help improve the status of the sensitive resources. The authority has maintained adverse and large centre for environmental information that are well supported by their programs and policies.
Work Cited
Miller, Christopher. Planning and environmental protection: a review of law and policy. Oxford: Hart, 2001. Print.
Rychlak, Ronald J., and David Wayne Case. Environmental law. New York: Oceana, 2010.
“waste management principles” has the meaning given by the Environmental Protection (Waste Management) Policy 2000.