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Emirates Airlines Company Background and strategies

Emirates Airlines

Name

Affiliation Part 1

Company Background

The Emirates Group is a profoundly productive business with income of more or less US$ 12 billion and more than 40,000 workers. The Group comprises of Dnata, the effective Airport Ground Services and Travel Industry division, Emirates Airline. Emirates Airline is viewed as a standout amongst the most exceedingly respected Airline organizations in Asia furthermore on the planet. The organization was secured in 1985 with two rented air ship from a simple air terminal. Emirates air transport flies to more than 100 destinations in more than 60 nations and has been crucial in building Dubai as the Middle East’s business focus and aeronautics center point. Its armada is one of the most youthful in the skies, with a normal time of under 70 months, and every month it takes conveyance of the 158 airplane it has on request, worth $52 billion at rundown cost. Emirates is the Airbus A380 super large’s biggest carrier client, with a few noticeable all around and more than 50 still to be conveyed. At present, 130 carriers fly into Dubai and more than a large portion of the 37 million travelers who went through the city in 2008 were conveyed by Emirates, which has a 10,000-solid lodge group of more than 120 nationalities who talk 55 separate dialects between them. Emirates are entirely possessed by the Government of Dubai, however the airline is run on a business premise and gets no money related backing or insurance. Contending with secured monsters of flight permitted working under the legislature’s unrestricted open skies strategy in Dubai, Emirates has flourished and been beneficial in everything except its second year of exchanging.

Mission

The mission of the company is to offer best quality of service to the client in all ways possible

Vision

The vision statement of the company is to be leader is airlines industry in the region and the world at large and to work in accordance to the Arabic culture.

Part 2

The shift towards Services

FDI is expanding moving far from assembling and extractive businesses and towards administrations. As administration businesses were generally national, are getting to be transnational as of late. The movement to administrations is being driven by: the general move in numerous created nations towards benefit as the structure of FDI in administrations have transformed, it is primarily focused on exchange and monetary administrations. Moreover, the way that numerous administrations need to be delivered where they are devoured. There is additionally a liberalization of strategies administering FDI in administrations. In conclusion, the ascent of web based worldwide information transfers systems. Case in point, Emirates Airlines call noting focuses are placed in UAE.

The administrations area has been the rampart of the economy, giving strength and contributing essentially to GDP development, Demonstrates that the administrations segment represented around 66% of genuine GDP development in the 1990s. Further studies likewise demonstrated that the worldwide FDI stock in the administrations division had more than quadrupled amid the period 1990-2002. As a consequence of more quick development in this area than in alternate divisions, administrations represented around 60% of the worldwide supply of internal FDI in 2002, contrasted with under half 10 years prior.

Administrations now represent the biggest offer of the internal FDI stock in numerous nations, and Foreign-member administration suppliers assume a vital part in a developing number of administrations. Most administration FDI has been local business sector looking for, in such conventional administrations as money, tourism and exchanging, or in commercial ventures that have just as of late opened up to the private segment, for example, power, water or information transfers.

Understanding the significance, the administration takes measures to guarantee world-class norms of administration incredibleness and authority, for example, presenting plans, exercises, projects and even organizations – went for improving administration levels, abilities, mentalities and initiative. Illustrations incorporate the Singapore Service Star, the Excellent Service Award (EXSA), Go The Extra Mile for Service (GEMS), Public Service for the 21st Century development (PS21), The Institute of Service Excellence at SMU (ISES) and Certified Service Professional program by WDA.

Progressive advancement over the long run has accumulated its relationship including the assembling segment. Over the long haul, assembling and administrations gathering will imitate one another and permit firms to impart the improvement of new information based items. Nonetheless, numerous nations experience issues evaluating FDI streams in administrations parts. Deciding exchange administrations is muddled given that administrations are not exchanged at a particular passage or way out focuses, yet rather over four modes of supply. While measuring interest in administrations exhibits further difficulties because of the complex way of FDI definitions.

While FDI in administrations stays more limited, both created and creating nations have made moves to open up their administration commercial enterprises. Indeed, beginning from a larger amount of limitation, creating nations had a tendency to change their administration businesses at a considerably more fast pace than created nations over the previous decade. The aggressive effect of FDI entrance on administration supply conditions depend impressively on starting conditions in a host nation, particularly the level of financial and administration improvement, business sector structure of administration and the administrative system.

Competitive Advantage

Competitive advantage is a position a firm involves against its rivals. A business that had the playing point among the contenders can surpass the normal income and had a plausibility to be the main firm in the business division or industry.

Numerous manifestations of upper hand can’t be managed uncertainly in light of the fact that the guarantee of financial rents welcomes contenders to copy the game changer held by any one firm. In like manner, a firm has an economical game changer when its esteem making courses of action and position have not possessed the capacity to be copied or imitated by different firms.

Emirates Airlines receives separation bland technique to pick up an upper hand amongst its rivals by offering the most astounding quality administrations to be the best organization in the business sector and separates from its rivals. For instance, Emirates carriers was the first airline that offered TV screen for all flying machine’s classes. Likewise it was the first organization in the Middle East to serve the e-ticketing.

Furthermore, it picked up a game changer by concentrating in new fragments in the business. Case in point, it gives another air transport organizations, for example, Qatar Airways with instructional classes by utilizing the most advanced machines, called plane test system to be the main organization in the Middle East that offers such administration. The point of such changes is to be the pioneer in industry by expanding the brand name mindfulness locally and globally which will expand the interest and the benefit too.

As the Airline business is in the development stage, there is a solid rivalry between air transport firms. Every firm ought to utilize hostile systems other than doing investigation for inward and outside components that may influence its position. The examination and investigation for Emirates airlines location taking after proposals:

The operational expense is expanding because of gigantic ventures of Emirates on air ships and administrations and increment in fuel costs. Emirates ought to decrease the expenses by making operational upgrades, to be specific enhancing support procedures, keeping up high air ship usage and making viable flight booking. It could likewise be decreased by putting innovation in appropriation channels to lessen work costs. Case in point , it is prescribed to introduce more organization toward oneself booths in air terminals of the destinations of Emirates air transport since it has as of now introduce ones in Dubai air terminal.

In light of the danger of minimal effort airlines, Emirates shouldn’t bring down its admissions following quite a while of offering propelled administrations, rather it brings to the table new ease mark as a backup of Emirates gathering serving monetary explorers who are currently clients of new ease carriers, in this manner extending the piece of the overall industry. Broadening courses is prescribed particularly there is a development in tourism UAE. There are fundamental districts on the planet that Emirates don’t have courses in, to be specific Canada, It needs to augment destinations around the world (particularly alluring zones). Joining a worldwide partnership empowers expanding its destinations, offering more charge alternatives for clients serving to tackle issues of new minimal effort air transport.

Examining innovation is suggested for enhancing client administration and Emirates needs to sign contract with an e-business organization that offers aerial transports innovation arrangements. E-CRM methodology is another innovation that Emirates ought to execute since web clients’ number is expanding. It permits overseeing long haul associations with clients (Jiang, 2003). For the most part, Emirates ought to do investigation for inner and outside variables and its rivals and grow new procedures to stay aggressive in the development stage.

Porter’s 5 Forces

Threats of New Entrants

The new entrants in any industry confront a few risk from existing organizations on the grounds that new organization offer more alluring item with ease and so on. In aerial shuttle industry risk are low as relatively obstructions are high. A few difficulties under underneath because of new contestants. Capital Requirements. We require colossal capital for this industry for buying new artworks furthermore for beginning new undertakings furthermore requirement for alluring to clients. Brand name & Customer persistence: Airlines organizations with amazing goodwill and solid image in business sector will effectively rival new risk at the time of entrance.

Bargaining Power of Supplier’s

Suppliers can certainly change business sector drift through their appeal and control on costs and nature of their items & administrations. Boeing and Airbus are all around suppliers of the carrier business.

Bargaining Power of Buyers

Buyers are also can change the business drift because of their requests for superb, interest at low costs furthermore have aptitude I decrease of the expense. Purchasers are all the more effective because of enormous measure of travelers in business sector and pretty nearly 1.8 billion yearly (David L. Loudon, 2004).

Threat of a Substitute Products or Services

Another big threat of substitute product due of accessibility of substitute in the business sector for any item. For instance individuals utilize theirs autos and utilization prepares and transports inside the same territory or nation.

Rivalry amongst existing firms

The trend of rivalry in airline industry is exceptionally popular and high because of accessibility of substantial quantities of carriers in the business which likewise offering best administrations, best cost and so forth. Case in point a many organizations need to expand their offer cost and need to build their picture need to increase best goodwill among the clients just because of offer best administrations, cost furthermore others parcel of advancements to draw in and achieve the clients.

External Environment Analysis

It is essential to comprehend the outer environment of the association to plan the fate of the association. The risk and chances of the association need to be dissected in a legitimate way. The outside investigation of an association could be possible by comprehension the political, social and financial issues related with the association. The progressions or the compelling elements identified with governmental issues, economy, social variables and innovation (David L. Loudon, 2004)

Demographic, Cultural & Social

The emirates aerial transports are working in the Dubai city. The way of life and the general public of the city gave the association some exceptional highlights. Above all the city gives the association an extensive number of individuals aiming to go by utilizing traveler administrations and freight administrations (Saxena, 2009), consequently putting to utilize the assets of the organization. The perfect focuses which the carriers join are Asia, Europe and Africa. The way of life of Dubai is an open society where the populace of distinctive nationalities, culture lives respectively in a created situation (M. C. Cant, 2009).

Political

Arranged understandings are made when air travel must be done between distinctive nations. There are sure standards and regulation between the legislatures concerning the aeronautics offices and the operation of the aerial transports. The business of Dubai is unprotected. The open skies approach of Dubai has helped Emirates to change into a bearer. The Emirates Airlines can possibly rival the biggest carrier of the world. The purpose for the development of the Emirates Airlines is the extreme rivalry which the organization needs to face. The Emirates airlines have exploited working in the global market by uniting a percentage of the destinations, for example, America, New Zealand and so on. On account of the avionics business liberalization is expanding as it were. This has brought about an expanded rivalry in the business (Saxena, 2009).

Economic

On account of the air transport industry the current situation of the financial conditions has a lot of effect on the working of the association. The development of the Emirates Airlines has occurred in the UAE which has dependably been known for its solid economy. The business sector which has been picked by the organization to capacity is likewise capable and stable. The stable monetary development of a locale is an essential component adding to the achievement of the association (J. Paul Peter, 2010). There has been financial downturn as of late which has affected the business on an awesome scale. The interest of air travel has diminished. There are numerous aerial transports which need to reduction their ability both household and universally. The test which remains before the Emirates Airlines is to capacity well actually amid the time of emergency.

Technological

The late patterns which have occurred in the innovation have activated achievement in the carrier business. There has been an incredible need of progression in innovation for a drawn out stretch of time. So as to make a lucrative business it is imperative that the progressions in the innovation are embraced by the organization proficiently and in a viable way. The Emirates Airlines have complete learning about the rule of putting resources into the mechanical improvements to capacity legitimately in the business of carrier industry. In business aeronautics the Emirates airlines is the most youthful and in future it guarantees to the most innovatively propelled organization (M. C. Cant, 2009). The Emirates Airlines has consented to arrangements with the Aero Mobile so as to fuse the mechanical advances and give the best innovation to the travelers. So as to admire the innovative advances of the Emirates Airlines the organization has been granted best inflight stimulation, Best It Developer honors and so on.

Market

The progressions in the business sector which have been seen are the increment in the costs of the fuel and the increment in the accessibility of the common assets. Because of the changing situation the producers are confronting issues in the creation of the vehicles. They need to structure vehicles which are little and amicable to nature. A great deal of venture has been made by the carrier organizations with a specific end goal to build up a fuel which would add to the advancement of the earth. It has gotten to be critical that the business is driven by the earth amicable assets. Subsequently the change in the business sector prompts the change in the generation procedures (Saxena, 2009).

Competition

Because of different changes, for example, innovation, economy and other globalization situations there are various carrier organizations developing. Because of the expanding rivalry it gets to be critical for the carrier to capacity in understanding so that the opposition could be confronted. The Emirates aerial transports have turned into a brand and because of the change in its name as a brand the opposition does not posture much risk to the carrier. In any case, the organization continues transforming its methodologies so as to keep up to the opposition in the business.

Recommendations

The execution on account of Emirates Airlines need to done keeping in mind the end goal to conceal the shortcoming of the association. The shortcoming which lies in the association is that it concentrates on a portion of the occasions which may hurt the business. Keeping in mind the end goal to examine the risk which are connected with a certain occasion the organization ought to structure up a danger examination group and the group would dissect the future wander and anticipate if the organization ought to continue with it or not. A danger can be seen as a risk which has the capability of hurting the improvement of an association. On the off chance that the danger gets to be genuine the improvement of the association may get harmed and the association may need to experience a huge misfortune. The danger examination group would embrace any of the proactive or responsive techniques so as to evaluate a specific endeavor. A danger evaluation can be exhibited to the workers dealing with the circumstance. Preference of such an execution would be, to the point that the organization is mindful of the danger to be followed in a certain circumstance. A project can be created with a specific end goal to get back from the danger (M. C. Cant, 2009).

The control of the usage of the danger investigation could be possible by the pioneers and administrators of the association. It is their obligation to survey the circumstance. A system can be created by the talented pioneers and supervisors of the organization keeping in mind the end goal to survey the circumstance of the risk. The usage and control ought to concentrate on the shortcoming of the organization. In the event that there is different shortcoming which the association experiences with the progression of time it is vital that the organization plans and executes the project so as to control the shortcoming of the organization and perform in a superior way (M. C. Cant, 2009).

Conclusion

In order to function successfully an association chooses the space in which it has the particular quality. Utilizing the unmistakable quality the association can increase upper hand over different associations. Other than the area the procedures and the other administration methods received by the organization further adds to the advancement of the organization. The methodologies which have been fused by the Emirates Airlines have helped the organization to remain in the focused market and keep up its position in the business sector. It is because of the administration style and because of the methods which have been embraced by the organization it has possessed the capacity to keep up its position in the business sector in spite of every last one of changes. The corporate methodology which has been received by the Emirates Airlines has ended up being direction for the organization in the time of difficulties and opportunities. In the business sector environment there are different difficulties and opportunities which need to be taken care of at the opportune time and managed in a fitting way. The system embraced by the Emirates aerial transports ended up being the greatest point of reference for the organization. So as to get by in the aggressive business sector it is essential that the Emirate Airlines ought to consider the way that the diverse methodologies need to be overhauled and development need to be fused in the different methods. The Emirate airlines ought to capacity in such a way, to the point that the new method which the organization arrangements to consolidate ought to be produced in such a way, to the point that the organization has the capacity confront the distinctive difficulties in a productive way.

References

Cantwell, J., Dunning, J. H., & Lundan, S. M. (2010). An evolutionary approach to understanding international business activity: The co-evolution of MNEs and the institutional environment. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4), 567-586.

Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and onto tactics. Long range planning, 43(2), 195-215.

Kolk, A., & Van Tulder, R. (2010). International business, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. International Business Review,19(2), 119-125.

Levy, D. L., & Newell, P. J. (2002). Business strategy and international environmental governance: Toward a neo-Gramscian synthesis. Global Environmental Politics, 2(4), 84-101.

Verbeke, A. (2013). International business strategy. Cambridge University Press.

Emirates Airlines and Etihad Airways

Company Outline

Name

Affiliation

Emirates Airlines and Etihad Airways

Emirate Airlines are part of the Emirates group of companies that exist in United Arab Emirates. The company is one of the leading companies when it comes to travel and aviation industry. It hub is found at Dubai international airport at terminal 3. While Etihad Airways were started by the Royal (Amiri) in July 2003. I started its operation in November of the same year and has now developed to one of the fastest growing airlines in history. The company is situated in UAE. This overview gives a clear indication that one of the companies was established early than the other hence enjoys various advantages as compared to the other. In business, the time of commence of a business is an added advantage to the company hence Emirates Airline is in favor here.

Mission

The mission of Emirates airlines is to be a leading company is sustainability and maintaining the constituent growth of business with a rate of 20% and more in the coming ten years while that of Etihad is giving a refreshing and most welcoming environment to their guests and to ensure that they offer safe and secure service to its client’s based on internal standards. Based on the mission statement, it can be compared that the companies is that emirates is working to ensures expansion of its business borders while Etihad is working hard to improve its service to its clients.

Vision

The vision of Emirates airlines is to create and sustain the aviation market with the best leadership with will be ahead of a conservative track. That of Etihad is to create a reflection of the Arabian hospitality culture- to be 21st century international airline that is challenging and able to change the established conventions of airlines hospitality. It can be noted from the vision that Emirates airlines is working on visionary strategy that deals with sustaining the business using leaderships models as compared to Etihad that is working to establish its business on a transnational culture.

Strategy

The Emirates Airlines over the years has been using various strategies in order to meet the needs of the customers, as well as that of the stakeholders. The company uses international strategies such as leadership and sustainability strategies as compared to Etihad that uses positioning strategy such as transnational culture in order to hit the aviation industry. It is has been able to position its flight in most needed lines in order to serve its clients.

Recommendations

In view of the analysis of the above, it is clear that the emirates airlines is more relaxed when handling its business. Currently it is working with international to meet its goals and objectives. However, it should adopt domestic strategy so as to avoid loss of local customers. As opposed to Emirates airlines, Etihad airlines should work more on international expansion, hence it calls for more of international strategies rather than transnational strategies.

Reason for Choice of Company

The reason the above companies were chosen is that they share almost the same vision and are widely used in the UAE. In addition, due to their international participation we thought it would offer credible analysis of international business.

References

HYPERLINK “https://www.etihad.com/en-us/about-us/corporate-profile/” https://www.etihad.com/en-us/about-us/corporate-profile/

http://www.emiratesgroupcareers.com/english/

Angel Gonzalez Wrongful Conviction Case

Angel Gonzalez Wrongful Conviction Case

Student’s Name

Institution

Angel Gonzalez Wrongful Conviction Case

Wrongful convictions have been evident in various cases where the accused suffers accusation and imprisonment to a greater extent of crime which they have not done. A good example regards the Angel Gonzalez wrongful conviction case in the year I995. Angel Gonzalez was freed from a charge on 10th March 2015 after serving an imprisonment of over twenty years for a misinformed rape case. It was in 1994 when Angel Gonzalez was misidentified as the one who committed a crime by a rape victim. It was disgusting that after the arrest the police misguided him to sign a false confession that he was involved in the misconduct (Baird, 2016). However, Angel Gonzalez retained his innocence even after the false conviction; it was until the year 2013 that he was capable of proving the innocence in a court hearing through a DNA test. In this paper, an overview of the Angel Gonzalez wrongful conviction case is illustrated to a profound extent as well as the process of post-conviction that ultimately resulted in exoneration and the accused life after exoneration.

To start with is a brief description of the Gonzalez’s case giving into details the crime and the particular events the led to the wrongful conviction. In 10th July 1994, a woman living in Waukegan Illinois apartment building was made off with by two strange men from her resident. The criminals rang the doorbell downstairs and did not get in creating the eagerness of the victim to go and check who it might be. On opening the door, the two criminals snatched the lady and involuntary made her get into their car after which they moved to a courtyard several away from where her apartment was located. The kidnappers raped her both, but they did exceed the extent of killing her. The victim was much taken aback by what happened, and after the men had left, she found a Seven-Eleven and where police officers were called for assistance.

Abundantly, the police officer obtained an original description of the attacker from the victim and immediately commenced carrying out the investigation. The woman described them as two Hispanic men of average weight, slightly taller than her and of middle age around twenty-five years. On the other hand, she gave a precise description of the car used in the scene as a shady colored, new model, four-door automobile with painted windows. The police took a keen note on every aspect she mentioned that could help get the suspects. Due to overreaction and willingness to show perfection on their work, the officers were only looking for a hint of who it might be, and they were eager to make sure that the evidence is available in the court of law (Cribb, 2012).

The Angel Gonzalez case started with the misidentification by the eyewitness who was the victim’s boyfriend. The first place for the police officers to find the evidence was in the apartment building where the victim used to live. They found the woman’s boyfriend to whom they gave an overall description of the car that the attackers used during the crime. From a distance, the victim’s boyfriend saw Angel Gonzalez’s moving out of the parking yard on the other side of the building. The car to some extent rhymed with the explanation given the police officers as it was sedan late model with tinted windows. The man told the police that the vehicle did not believe to a resident of that building. However, Gonzalez had come to visit his girlfriend who was the victim’s sister and lived in the same apartment. In that particular time, the police officer was not able to catch the suspects, but they got his license plate digits.

After that, on his way back from his girlfriend’s house Angel Gonzalez was stopped by the police who approached his car with a spotlight and gun ready. Gonzalez questioned why he had been stopped, and it is when that the officer told him that his car was in line with the description of the vehicle that was used during the delinquency act at night (Garrett, 2015). The man was put in custody and placed in the law enforcement agency car. Unfortunately, the Angel Gonzalez did not match the description regarding criminals as the officer was told. It ended to the extent that the victim has to come on the scene and identify whether Gonzalez was the one involved in the misconduct. On arrival, with the force carriage in a straight line behind and illuminating Gonzalez’s vehicle, the kidnapped woman indeed recognized the car. The police officer took Gonzalez out of the car and placed him in front of the police patrol car by which the victim was sitting in the back seat. The woman identified him as the attacker even without moving out of the carriage to carefully look at him whether he was actually among the attackers. After the victim positively identifying Gonzalez, he was immediately put into the patrol car and taken to the police post where he was held in custody (Gross, et.al 2004).

After the arrest, Gonzalez was kept in custody over the night which was a traumatizing and disgusting thing considering that he was innocent and did not even have a clue of what had happened during the previous night. He was shocked and scared throughout the arrest as he was a Mexican who had only came to live in the United States after a while and could only speak English in rare instances which was not fluent. He was not informed of the cause of his imprisonment and that only rumors he heard were that he had been involved in a crime of hurting a woman. Detectives Artis Yancey and Lou Marquez gave the mandate to deal with the case. The human right is regarding Gonzalez’s case read in Spanish to enhance an explicit elaboration of his sentence.

After several interrogations, the conversation switched into Spanish. Gonzalez was requested to put down a statement in Spanish, by which on the other side the Detective Marquez typed an oral version of the same. It was later determined that the two statements not look alike. However, Gonzalez was forced to sign the statement that Detective Marquez had written. Despite having about four witnesses to support him in the case, Gonzalez was altered guilty regarding the act of signing the Detective’s statement and the victim identifying as one of the attackers as enough evidence (Medwed, 2017).

After that, after serving a sentence of around twenty years, Gonzalez obtained a post-conviction DNA test which proved him innocent. In 2001, he got a DNA test which identified the profile of one of the attackers in the rape kit, and it did not rhyme which Gonzalez’s genes. It was not enough evidence because the attackers involved in the rape case were two in number the court claiming that there was a possibility of Gonzalez being the one who has not been identified. It was until the year 2012 that the Innocence Project opened Gonzalez’s case and were focused on determining the DNA profiles of the other suspect. In 2013, the team successfully came up with the DNA profile of the two attackers, and they both left out Gonzalez.

It was recommendable that Gonzalez has been proven guilty, but he could not be set free as he was also accused of damaging property. On his conviction record, there was a bit that stated that he had at one time broken a sink under his confinement. Therefore, Gonzalez was given an addition of three more years of sentence on the justification of the destroyed sink. On the day on clearing the conviction, Gonzalez brought the case back claiming that he had been innocently jailed for more than twenty years and that there was no interpreter present during the denouncing of damaging property accusation (Brown, 2016). It was then in 2015 that the second accusation regarding property damaging was declared void and he was later set free from the court of law.

From the case study above, it is clear that Gonzalez was innocently convicted and many to serve an imprisonment and suffered the punishment that he did not deserve. It is upon the people to fight for their rights and the police department to adopt robust strategies that can be depended on in future. It is disgusting to heart how innocent suspect suffers and jurisdiction being overpowered by corruption among other unethical vices. It is not only a challenge to the government and the involved law bodies but also the urge of every citizen to ensure that justice is done to curb criminality.

References

Baird, C. L. (2016). Executed and Innocent.

Brown, A. L. (2016). The effects of familiarity and first impressions on eyewitness testimony in a target-absent line-up.

Cribb, C. (2012). An Insight into the Wrongly Convicted: Going beyond the Perceptions and Beliefs of the Causes.

Crozier, W. E., Strange, D., & Loftus, E. F. (2017). Memory errors in alibi generation: how an alibi can turn against us. Behavioral sciences & the law, 35(1), 6-17.

Garrett, B. L. (2015). Convicting the Innocent Redux.

Garrett, B. L. (2015). The Myth of the Presumption of Innocence. Tex. L. Rev. See Also, 94, 178.

Gross, S. R., Jacoby, K., Matheson, D. J., & Montgomery, N. (2004). Exonerations in the United States 1989 through 2003. J. Crim. l. & CrimiNology, 95, 523.

Lance, C. B., & Pope, N. D. (2015). Pruno, ramen, and a side of hope: Stories of surviving wrongful conviction. Simon and Schuster.

Medwed, D. S. (Ed.). (2017). Wrongful Convictions and the DNA Revolution. Cambridge University Press.

San Pedro, L. A. V., Suárez, C. H., Almunia, J., Hernández, A. A., Álvarez, R. B., Fuster, L. B., … & Collins, P. (2011). Private Enforcement of Competition Law. Lex Nova.