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Analysis; Excursion into Philosophy

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Analysis; Excursion into Philosophy

“Excursion into Philosophy” is an impressive and attracting art by Edward Hopper published in the year 1995. It consists of a man sitting on a bed beside a woman who is sleeping on the same bed, and it is like they have a relationship in a way or another. The man seems to be in deep thoughts gazing at the spot of light on the floor coming from the bright sunlight through the window. There is isolation between the man and the sleeping woman to a great extent depicting the everyday issues that are perceived to be psychological and complex looking at how a gentleman is perplexed. According to the appearance of the room being clean and free from personal effects where only a book can be seen on the bed suggests that this is a boarding room and not their existing house. Edward Hopper’s work is inspiring as he effectively applies the image color, line, composition, style, and line among others relevant aspects to portray the art to the audience. The use of on-point emphasis, proper proportion, and variety as well as balanced composition in “Excursion into Philosophy” portrays the accord and focus of the image enabling the author to efficiently depict an illumination of the modern way of livelihood, in a mystified and psychosomatic way.

In the Edward Hopper’s artwork, the visual elements, as well as the principles of the designs, are significantly used leading to an overall informative and excellent image. The proper coordination of the author’s skills and knowledge seems to act as the author’s primary drive in interpreting the real life through image drawing. Carrying out the image analysis, the visual elements and deigns principles evident in “Excursion into Philosophy” image are elaborated in a profound extent. To begin with, are the formal elements depicted in the picture which include, line, color, value, texture, form, space and shape as they are fundamental in determining the quality of the artwork. Lines are essential tools in the art which are to a great extent expressive, and in this image, Hopper has significantly employed them to convey its movement and mood. The lines in “Excursion into Philosophy” are thick, horizontal and vertical. The lines define the form edges, and they enable one to look around the image composition. Through the lines’ direction and character, there is effective communication of the information conveyed by the image.

The author uses a variety of colors such as white, gray, black and dark blue to adequately distinguish the objects within the image. For example, the man, woman and the bed which is the primary objects are painted in unlike colors so that they can be distinguished from the background color. These colors have dark value as well as dull intensity distinguishing between the primary and secondary colors. They also illustrate the unveiling and fair conditions depicted on the art. The used colors can be described as cool providing conducive conditions to relax and meditate. In the art, the author has made appropriate use of light and shades which give the picture a good outlook. The shape of the art is flat, that frame is a rectangular shape, and the whole background which has a viewpoint of a room takes a cubic shape.

The image takes a three-dimensional form where the objects have the lengths, widths, and depths. The form makes it easy to identify and distinguish all the objects in the picture as one can comfortably see the bed, man and the sleeping lady among other features without straggling. Hopper made appropriate use of space as the positive and negative space as considerably proportional in the art making it attractive and not vulnerable to isolation. The three-dimensional space has been excellently achieved by Hopper in his painting “Excursion into Philosophy” making it perfect and real to an extent. Space has been defined by the incorporated objects’ shapes and forms. The texture portrayed by the lines, color, and shading of the image is hard and rough. The actual texture used by the artist in the three-dimensional artwork dramatically signifies his skills in showing it visually in the painting as well as the quality of work which is high.

On the other hand, are the principles of design which describe various ways in which Edward Hopper applies the elements of art in “Excursion into Philosophy” painting. These principles include balance, movement, emphasis, proportion, pattern, rhythm, variety and unity. The distribution of the image regarding the color, texture, space and the visual weight is balanced giving the art a stable design. The art objects take the symmetry balance as the same elements can be seen in both the side of the composition. Rhythm has been appropriate shown in the artwork where some features are repeated in an organized but no uniformity portrayed. In the image it relevant when it comes to the lines drawn as well as the lights and shades which helps to develop consistency. The emphasis being the focal point of the artwork that is dominant and attracts the viewer’s attention is significantly applied in Hooper’s art. For instance, the central place on the image appears to be the point where the man and woman are sited on a bed, and the author creates emphasis through contrast.

Hopper correctly movement in his through elements such as lines and shapes which plays the significant role of moving the viewer’s eyes within and all around the image. They profoundly help in differentiating the objects in the art thus demonstrates different perspectives and information regarding the painting. The pattern in the artwork “Excursion into Philosophy” is brought along by the author’s action of repeating various symbols such as the patch of sunlight. The patter principal is not prevalent in this particular Hopper’s artwork. Furthermore, the artist perfectly applies the proportional design principle. It enables the objects to have unity regarding the size, numbers, and amounts of the related elements. For example, in consideration of the man and the sleeping lady in the “Excursion into Philosophy” painting, they both have heads, hands, and legs which are proportional to the body. Proportionality is vital in artwork as apart from attracting the viewers, the information portrayed will be taken on a serious note as everyone will have a notion that a perfect artist knows what he is doing and what is right for the audience.

Edward in his artwork “Excursion into Philosophy” has excellently applied the use of the visual elements as well as the principles of designs in establishing his art. Its point of emphasis, proportion, and composition balance are useful in illuminating the mood and information being passed by the artist making his work unique. The proper use of elements such as lines, space, shape, color, and form brings contrast within the image making it impressive as well as more comfortable for the viewers to understand its content. Regarding the Hopper’s artwork, there is a connection between the real world and the trending issues that people face in their day to day live showing that artwork can also be used as a form of communication an efficient tool of keeping track the history of a nation and the world as a whole.

Hernan Cortes from second letter to Charles V, 1520 passage analysis

Hernan Cortes: from second letter to Charles V, 1520

“IN ORDER, most potent Sire, to convey to your Majesty a just conception of the great extent of this noble city of Temixtitlan, and of the many rare and wonderful objects it contains; of the government and dominions of Moctezuma, the sovereign: of the religious rights and customs that prevail, and the order that exists in this as well as the other cities appertaining to his realm: it would require the labor of many accomplished writers, and much time for the completion of the task. I shall not be able to relate an hundredth part of what could be told respecting these matters; but I will endeavor to describe, in the best manner in my power, what I have myself seen; and imperfectly as I may succeed in the attempt, I am fully aware that the account will appear so wonderful as to be deemed scarcely worthy of credit; since even we who have seen these things with our own eyes, are yet so amazed as to be unable to comprehend their reality. But your Majesty may be assured that if there is any fault in my relation, either in regard to the present subject, or to any other matters of which I shall give your Majesty an account, it will arise from too great brevity rather than extravagance or prolixity in the details; and it seems to me but just to my Prince and Sovereign to declare the truth in the clearest manner, without saying anything that would detract from it, or add to it”.

One of the great Aztec warriors, Cortez the conqueror of the empire of Aztec documented his achievement to the king of Spain at the time. In his second letter, he recognizes the power and presence of Charles V and the order he has bestowed to the realm. The powerful empire at the time was intent on expanding their territory to reach an area that was not exposed to their type of civilization. The significance of the periodic letters is to update the powerful king Charles of the achievements in his conquest of México.

The passage relates to the whole letter in that it emphasizes the presence of Cortez at the time of the conquering of the powerful Aztec nation. Although he was under the authority of the governor from Cuba, Cortez did not hesitate to state that his actions were a direct order from the king. This means that it is through King Charles that he derived the authority to take part in the formation of the New México.

One of the themes of the passage in relation to the letter is seen in his praise for the work he had accomplished. The powerful Aztecs were a force to be recognized in that they had accomplished achievements of their own. These achievements were known by the entire European territory. The fact that Cortez was able to penetrate into this powerful community brings out the strong influence of Spain at this period. The second letter to the king is thus not only an update of the work he had accomplished. It is also metaphoric in that it emphases the ability of the Spanish army and their subsequent expansion that did not go unrecognized.

Letters played a significant role during this day and age. It is through this passage that one views the significance if the message to the king. Another theme to note is the constant praise of the king and his leadership of his territories. This shows the vital role of a leader and the enforcement of his complete authority. Through his achievements, Cortez managed to rise from his position as a leader of the army, to the worrier whose efforts led to the emergence of a new nation.

Social Psychological Theories of Crime

Social Psychological Theories of Crime

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Social Psychological Theories of Crime

Psychological crime theories explain that; a crime is brought about by a person’s thinking, feelings and processing of a thought. The crime might be influenced by childhood experiences as shown in research. If an act is considered wrong by the society then it’s considered to be a crime (Radburn, & Stott, 2019). The person suspected or involved in the act is the victim and is proven after the criminal justice system carry out the investigation.

There are theories is which are related to crime and include behavioral theory and cognitive theory. This two theories are similar in a way that they involve observation as they are acquired through learning and both are acquired by an individual choices whether to let them in or resist (Rock, 2017). Behavioral involves learning from the surrounding and its response and reinforced by punishments or rewards.

Cognitive is on how people perceive something and how it influences their actions. It can either be at Pre-conventional, conventional or post conventional which are referred to as moral development. In cognitive, the behavior is rarely acquired past the pre-conventional level where’s in behavioural it can be acquired at any stage depending on your environment

References

Radburn, M., & Stott, C. (2019). The social psychological processes of ‘procedural justice’: Concepts, critiques and opportunities. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 19(4), 421-438.

Rock, P. (2017). The foundations of sociological theories of crime. The Oxford handbook of criminology, 21.

McGee, T. R., & Farrington, D. P. (2016). Developmental and life-course theories of crime. The handbook of criminological theory, 336-354.