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Social Networking Sites Effects on Romantic Relationships (2)
Social Networking Sites: Effects on Romantic Relationships
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Social Networking Sites: Effects on Romantic Relationships
Introduction
The Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are web-based services that allow users to express a list of other users with whom they have a relationship and view and explore their list of references as well as those made by others within the system (Miller, 2020). These connections can take many forms and have different names depending on the location. Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, and Twitter are the most widely used social networking platforms. These websites are used by millions of individuals to communicate with friends, family, and colleagues around the world. One of the most well-known social networking platforms is Facebook. Over 1 billion people use it regularly. Usually, Facebook allows one to connect with friends, family, and business associates. People in a romantic relationship can share photos, videos, and messages with people on Facebook. Google+ is a social networking site that Google owns which has over 300 million active users. One can also share photos, videos, and messages with people on Google+. LinkedIn on the other side is also a social networking site that that is more into professional’s use. It has more than 300 million active users. LinkedIn allows you to connect with business associates and find jobs. You can also share your resume and Portfolio via LinkedIn. Twitter being a social networking site is used by people to share short messages. Twitter allows you to connect and interact with friends, family, and business associates. This essay provides a comprehensive understanding of how SNS affect romantic relationships. Specifically, the paper covers how romantic relationships were impacted by other factors before the popularity of SNSs, the different factors involved with romantic relationships and SNS, the benefits of romantic relationships and the use of SNS, and severe impacts of SNSs on romantic relationships.
How Romantic Relationships Were Affected by Other Factors before the Popularity of SNSs
Romantic relationships were significantly affected by other factors before the SNSs became popular. Such factors include lack of communication. Before popularity of SNSs, communication among people in a romantic relationship was difficult which made it difficult for people to keep in touch. However, the widespread adoption of Social Networking Sites has changed interaction with one other. Also, before popularity of SNSs, it was difficult to form new relationships. This is because before the advent of SNSs, people typically communicated mostly with nearest members, such as family members, friends, and co-workers. But nowadays, individuals can communicate with unknown others, which has led to new relationships. These networking sites also give users a fresh method of staying in touch with their existing friends and family. People are also building quality relationship through these sites. The formation of new relationships is one of the most intriguing aspects of the networking site (Kuss et al., 2017). One reason is that the ability to form new relationships is not equally available to all SNS users. Users already in a romantic relationship may be less likely to form new relationships than single users. Users who are not interested in dating or who are not looking for a romantic partner are also less likely to form new relationships.
Factors Involved with Romantic Relationships and SNSs
Furthermore, different factors are involved with romantic relationships and SNSs. The most important factors are those influencing the formation of new relationships on SNSs. One factor that has been shown to influence the formation of new relationships on SNSs is social connectedness which is a measure of an individual’s ties to others. It is typically operationalized as the number of friends an individual has on a networking site and is associated with forming new relationships. Social connectedness is associated with the number of messages sent and received on these social sites. Self-disclosure is another factor that has been influencing formation of new relationships. This is the act of sharing information about oneself with others and is associated with forming new relationships on social networking sites. Self-disclosure is also linked to the number of messages sent and received on social networking sites. Reciprocity is another factor and is the act of exchanging favors with others that are associated with forming new relationships on SNSs. Reciprocity is also associated with the number of messages sent and received. Physical attractiveness is the final factor and is the degree to which an individual is considered physically attractive by others associated with forming new relationships on SNSs.
The Benefits of Use of SNSs on Romantic Relationships
Some research has suggested that social networking sites can positively affect romantic relationships. There are a few different ways that social networking sites can have a positive effect on romantic relationships (Verduyn et al.,2020). First, social networking sites can help couples stay connected. If you and your partner are in a long-distance relationship, social networking sites can help you stay in touch and feel close to one another. You can share photos, videos, and messages on social networking sites, which can help you feel connected to your partner even when you are not physically together. Social networking sites can increase communication. If you and your partner have trouble communicating, social networking sites can be a great way to start and maintain conversations. You can also use social networking sites to resolve conflicts. For example, if you and your partner are arguing about something, you can use a social networking site to share your story and try to resolve it. Social networking sites can be a great way to meet new people. If you are looking for a new relationship, you can use social networking sites to find potential partners. You can also use social networking sites to reconnect with old friends and family members.
Negative Effects of SNSs on Romantic Relationships
Although SNSs have significant positive impact on romantic relationships, they are also associated with some adverse effects. For instance, SNSs can lead to jealousy and insecurity. If you see your partner interacting with other people on a social networking site, you may feel jealous or insecure. This can lead to arguments and resentment in your relationship. Second, social networking sites can disrupt your relationship (Carbonell et al., 2017). If you are spending more time on social networking sites than you are with your partner, it can take away from the time you could be spending developing your relationship. Finally, social networking sites can create unrealistic expectations. If you and your partner are communicating primarily through a social networking site, you may start to expect too much from each other. One may expect your partner to be available to chat or respond to messages at all times. This can lead to frustration and disappointment if your expectations are not met.
Conclusion
To conclude, the above literature suggests that the creation of new relationships is influenced by social networking sites. The literature also implies a connection between social networking sites and the volume of messages sent and received. Romantic relationships were significantly affected by other factors before the SNSs became popular. For instance, formation of new relationships was not easier and people in a romantic relationship had minimal interactions. Also, romantic relationship is influenced by various factors including social connectedness, self-disclosure, physical attractivess, and reciprocity. Furthermore, SNSs have shown to have both positive and negative effects on romantic relationships, although the positive effects outweigh the negative effects making SNSs to be considered beneficial to romantic relationships.
References
Abbasi, I. S. (2019). Social media addiction in romantic relationships: Does user’s age influence vulnerability to social media infidelity? Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 277-280. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886918305798Carbonell, X., & Panova, T. (2017). A critical consideration of social networking sites’ addiction potential. Addiction Research & Theory, 25(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2016.1197915Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030311Miller, D. (2020). Social networking sites. In Digital anthropology (pp. 146-161). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003085201-10/social-networking-sites-daniel-millerVerduyn, P., Gugushvili, N., Massar, K., Täht, K., & Kross, E. (2020). Social comparison on social networking sites. Current opinion in psychology, 36, 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002
Analysis of three poems. I Hear America Singing, I, Too, Sing America and Let America Be America Again and Pra
poem analysis.
Poetry is a form of musical literature that is used to educate, inform, praise, and criticize something. In the essay below will get to analyse three poems that both praise and criticize American people and the nation itself. Analysis of the poem will include discussion of what the poem reflects and what it is talking about. Based on the background information of the poet will get to know the setting of the poem; an analysis of the various stylistic devices used by the poet too will be reviewed in the essay. The essay includes three poems; Walt Whitman, “I Hear America Singing”, Langston Hughes, “I, Too, Sing America” and “Let America Be America Again” and Elizabeth Alexander’s, “Praise Song for the Day”. Will also get to discuss, basing on the content of each poem, if each poem’s argument is persuasive.
All the three poems discuss the life and the identity of an American citizen. They define an American as a citizen who works to build their country, Whitman’s poem describes the various occupations, Elizabeth’s poem praises the day of an American at work while Hughes’s poem describes the historical context of an American citizen and how it was. However the poems also have several differences; two of the poems, “I Hear America Sing” and “Praise Song for the day”, describe the happy life of an American citizen who enjoys their life as a citizen; they sing their melodious songs and praise song for the struggle and praise song for the day respectively. Both Elizabeth and Langston speak of slavery and struggle in their poems. The main difference between the poems is that, the poem, “Let America Be America Again” criticizes the historical life of an American citizen who wants equity; the other two poems have their theme as praise while the last on is a criticizing poem.
Whitman was born in a family of nine, his father was a house-builder; at an early age he fell in love with writing and he loved the works of Shakespeare and the bible. He worked as printer, during the civil war he vowed to live a cleansed life and overwhelmed by the many wounded he decided to stay and volunteer in the hospitals. The poem is placed in a historical setting during the day as we see “the carpenter singing as he measure his plank of wood…the day what belongs to the day”. The tone in the poem is a happy one as the poet describes the young robust men party singing melodious songs. Reason for being declared to be in a historical setting is because it was made during the American civil war where people were struggling to be independent and build their nation through the various diverse occupations (Greenspan, 215). The theme of the poem is praise, the singing of the mother, the wife and the girl expresses joy. Through the repetition of the word ‘singing’ the poem is able to emphasize on the fact that American nation has based its development on labour and everyone is praising what belongs to them (occupation). The poem describes Whitman’s love for America, its vast achievements and variety of jobs.
Elizabeth Alexander born in Harlem studied at Yale University. Her poem “Praise Song for the Day” is a praise song that draws the everyday life of an American citizen as a beautiful portrait. The setting of the poem is based on the present and continuous daily life of an American citizen, the poem also possesses a historical setting where the poet describes the life of slavery and what people then did and how they died to achieve what is there presently. The tone in the poem is a joyful tone as the poet declares praise for the struggle, and praise song for the day. The poet is emphasizing on the argument that people should promote and sing of the struggles African Americans went through while in slavery (Roman, 11). At the beginning of the poem, the poet describes the everyday life of Americans each day we go about our business walking past each other. Finally the poet praises need for peace and that people should embrace peace and love one another, Love beyond marital, filial, national,love that casts a widening pool of light…praise song for walking forward towards the light . The repetition of various words such as love and praise song brings out or emphasize on the main idea of the poem, that is, praise for the day.
Langston Hughes was born Joplin Missouri, he held odd jobs such as an assistant cook and busboy before he moved to Washington where he started his career as a writer. As the title of the poem reads “Let America Be America” the tone of the poem is a disappointed tone. The poet saw that America was not as people dreamed it would be. There is no freedom or equity as was promised, i am the Negro bearing slavery scars, I am the red man driven from the land. The poem is put in a historical setting that talks and describes the lives of African American people the Indians and the immigrants what hardships they went through entangled in the greed of others (Hoffman, 104). The theme or main topic of discussion in the poem is slavery, the poet criticizes the current state of citizens in America that were promised freedom and equity but that is not what they got. “I am…” is a phrase used repeatedly in the poem, the persona in the poem is part of the suffering group and is emphasizing on the fact he also experienced what others did.
Through analyzing of the poems we get to understand the life of an American citizen and the values that have evolved over the years from history to present day. The poets are able to express themselves and bring out what America was and is and life as a citizen was and is today.
References:
Greenspan, Ezra. Walt Whitman and the American reader. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Print.
Román, Ezekiel. Thinking comprehensively about education: spaces of educative possibility and their implications for public policy. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. Print.
Hoffman, Tyler. American poetry in performance: from walt whitman to hip hop.. S.l.: Univ Of Michigan Press, 2013. Print.
Social Movement Black Lives Matter
Social Movement: Black Lives Matter
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Introduction
Over the past decades in the US, police brutality against African-American people in the US has risen steadily. Racial inequity issues have led to a lot of incoherence in various communities in the world, such as riots and demonstrations. Different ethnicities sometimes think that the criminal justice system uses more force on them compared to other ethnicities. For instance, African-American people have always felt that cops and the entire criminal integrity system in the US target them as compared to different ethnicities. It prompted people to start Social Movement Organizations (SMOs) to fight for the rights of these people leading to the establishment of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement through the micro-blogging platform, Twitter. In this paper, the researcher examines the reasons why the people coined the BLM hashtag and campaign through a content analysis study.
The statistics showing that more than half of the victims of police brutality are either Blacks or Latinos in the US (Barry & Jones, 2014) prompted people to formulate the BLM. Despite the black Americans making up 12% of the US population, the criminal justice system seems to target them through fatal encounters with law enforcement agencies. Alicia Garza, Cullors, and Opal Tometi coined the hashtag BLM on July 13, 2013, through Twitter. The trio formulated the hashtag to dissent the exoneration of George Zimmerman, a police officer, who shot death Trayvon Martin, an unarmed black American youngster (Garza, 2014). Various advocates advocating against the brutality of the criminal justice system ganged up using the hashtag to express their disappointment and emotions about the numerous high profile cases where unarmed African-American individuals succumbed to police brutality (Barry & Jones, 2014).
The BLM movement and hashtag are of considerable significance to any scholar and individual who wants to understand the partial treatment of different ethnicities by a state’s criminal justice system. Despite people formulating the All Lives Matter to counter the BLM because the US is a post-racial society, people still cling to the BLM because of the police brutality statistics. The recent rapid shootings of African-Americans by police officers in towns around the US have enlarged the essence and significance of the BLM. People have held several protests and riots because of the judicial system’s failure to indicate cops involved in the killing of unarmed black people.
Literature Review
The research had to analyze previous studies conducted on the subject matter to comprehend the need for SMOs such as BLM. The study first examines race theories and racial formulation strategies in the US. The information will provide insights as to why a nation that many people believe is a post-racial society still needs a given ethnicity’s social movement.
Race consciousness is a modern phenomenon. In the far past, people were equal, despite the differences in their skin colors (Omi & Winant, 1986). The notion changed a few centuries back. People thought that race is a biological characteristic, and categorization of people should have their base on their skin colors. It led to the “Chain of Being,” where scholars and communities categorized people in a hierarchical imperative (Omi & Winant, 1986). At the bottom of the chain are inanimate objects, followed by lesser species, and then to humans, who are the superior-most creatures. They (humans) were the closest to God. The issue of racial supremacy arose when figuring out which the human race was closest to God, shifting race as a biological construct to a social construct. In their theory, Omi and Winant (1986) view race as a social construct where the factors that make a given race have their root on the mix of socio-political and economic forces.
Racial Formation in the US started with slavery (Graff, 2015). Initially, people could work on other people’s farms to pay for their debts. Upon the advancement of agriculture and vast lands in the south, the need for sizeable cheap labor led to the slavery of African-American individuals. The whites treated the blacks as their inferiors, and as a move to ensure they remained at the bottom, the whites assigned themselves more rights, positions of power and provided the blacks never joined together (Graff, 2015). The justification for the enslavement of black people as a lesser race led to racism and slavery in the US, creating the start of the race as a social construct in global history.
Bonilla-Silva (2012) argued that people no longer racially discriminate based on biological factors somewhat covert or color-blind racism. He further explains that people should not see the color of an individual skin instead of a person’s social and cultural failings, giving a new base for racism in the US based on culture. People use the skin color of an individual to determine what they are in the inside (Bonilla-Silva, 2012). Bobo (2011) analyzes the colorblind racism and the criminal justice system in the US. Even though the criminal justice system wants to serve people equally, the level of black incarceration in the US tripled between 1980 and 2000. The ration of black people to white people increased to more than 8 to 1. It implies that for every one white American arrested, more than eight black Americans also faced conviction. It is because the colorblind policies formulated to govern the people have a significant impact on the colors of people.
The Black Lives Matters movement aims at fighting and breaking the racial oppression upon which the US has established herself (Bonilla & Rosa, 2015). It aims at fighting this new kind of racism by bringing together all the black people excluded by the Civil Rights Movements in the past (Bobo, 2011). A single idea started the movement in 2012 triggered by the demise of an African-American teenager, Trayvon Martin, and the acquittal of the officer who led to the death of the former, Officer George Zimmerman. The three women who coined the phrase took it to twitter to air their frustration because of the failure of the justice system. Later on, Michael Brown succumbed to death due to police brutality prompting more people to participate in the BLM movement.
Cox (2017) tried to establish the relationship between the hashtags and the exchanges between the BLM campaigners and their followers through Twitter and other social media platforms. The research proved that hashtags elevate the ability of the BLM program and stimulate action within the black community in the US. Bonilla and Rosa (2015) argue that SMOs aims at mobilizing resources or signaling political elites. It is by igniting the interests of political elites in society and motivating these individuals to take a position supporting a given social movement and its ideologies.
Sociological Theories Analysis
According to Mooney, Knox, and Schacht (2007), there are three sociological perspectives, the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic internationalist perspectives. According to the functionalist perspective, a society is an interconnected system with portions that maintain social balance for the entire system by working together (Mooney, Knox & Schacht, 2007). It focuses on how one part of society influences other parts towards maintaining the equilibrium. The BLM movement plays a pivotal role in raising awareness amongst the black people in American society. The police brutality and inefficiency of the US legal system have prompted the people to fight for their rights and voice their frustrations through social movements leading to a finely tuned awareness and social cohesion.
The conflict perspective connotates a society as a system made of diverse groups competing for power and resources (Mooney, Knox & Schacht, 2007). As the American community keeps thriving in industrial prowess, there is a development of two categories of people; the production means owners and workers. The BLM movement makes the black Americans aware of their rights to equal opportunities and resources as other ethnicities in the country (Graff, 2015). The blacks now want to enjoy the same socio-political and economic powers as their white counterparts leading to increased tensions and scramble between the black Americans and the US administrative system. The movement has made the cross-examining of the American justice system where the people believe their entitlement to equal legal rights as the whites in the country. It substantially affects the way the cops maintain law and order in the black communities and white societies.
The symbolic internationalist perspective focuses on the psychological subtleties of people interrelating in minor groups in society. It accentuates that descriptions and connotations fashioned and maintained by dealings with others influence human behavior (Mooney, Knox & Schacht, 2007). Since the BLM movement attracts the opinions and ideologies of different black American people in the US, these people develop similar behaviors with the same objectives, fighting the oppression of the black people by the criminal justice system. The people tweet through Twitter on the social movement triggering the people to awaken and fight for equal socio-political and economic rights. It leads to increased awareness where every individual knows their rights and privileges. It helps to hold together the social institutions in place, such as criminal justice systems.
Conclusion
Black lives have been a subject of neglect since the beginning of the US. The Black Lives Matter Movement is a social, civil rights movement objectifying the fight against racism in the US. It aims at increasing color consciousness in the US, gain public support, and diminishing the notion of color blindness. The social movement should objectify the acquisition of support and enlightening various black communities about colorblind racism. The criminal justice system should formulate laws that can replace the neutral laws that have been a subject of racial discrimination. In the future, the criminal justice system should examine its operations to ensure that it does not discriminate or act more harmful to one ethnicity as compared to others. After the research, the researcher’s perspective about the Black Lives Matter social movement has not changed. The African-American are equal to their white counterparts, and the entire system should treat them fairly.
References
Barry, R., & Jones, C. (2014). Incomplete records: Hundreds of police killings uncounted in federal stats. The Wall Street Journal, A1.
Bobo, L. D. (2011). Somewhere between Jim Crow & Post-Racialism: Reflections on the Racial
Divide in America Today. Daedalus, 140(2), 11–36.
Bonilla, Y., & Rosa, J. (2015). # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American ethnologist, 42(1), 4-17.
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2012). The invisible weight of whiteness: the racial grammar of everyday life in contemporary America. Ethnic & Racial Studies, 35(2), 173–194.
Cox, J. M. (2017). “The Source of a Movement: Making a Case for Social Media as an Informational Source using Black Lives Matter.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40(11): 1847-54.
Garza, A. (2014). A herstory of the# BlackLivesMatter movement. The Feminist Wire.Graff, G. (2015). Redesigning Racial Caste in America via Mass Incarceration. The Journal of Psychohistory. 43(2), 120–133.
Mooney, L. A., Knox, D., & Schacht, C. (2007). Understanding social problems: Three main sociological perspectives.
Omi, M., and Winant H. (1986). Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960’s to the 1980s. New York: Routledge.