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Economic Life of India Under colonial Rule 1858-1947- the textile industry
Economic Life of India Under colonial Rule 1858-1947- the textile industry
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Economic Life of India Under colonial Rule 1858-1947- the textile industry
1.0 Introduction
The period of British colonial rule in India, also known as British Raj, started in 1858 and ended in 1947. During this period, the British government exercised direct rule and control over Indian provinces which were previously under the administration of British East India Company. This period marked the modernization of most developed nations and as well, the Indian society took substantial steps to initiate the process of modernization in their country. However, India was unable to reach economic standards of other modernizing nations such as Japan. According to Griffiths, the British government maintained set of policies in India which enabled them to increase their own revenue while rarely supporting the Indian society, economically or otherwise. During the period, numerous vital industries and service were neglected by the British colonial government while some suffered massively.
The impact of British colonial rule on the Indian textile industry was hugely devastating and harmful. Britain used various complicated methods to exploit India’s vast natural reserves such as cotton, silk and jute crops. Griffiths noted that prior to 19th century, the Indian textile industry was well developed and in fact, the Indian manufacturing industry was in a position to effectively compete with manufacturing sectors of the most industrialized nations. After control of several decades in the 19th and 20th centuries, British completely shattered the textile industry and the whole economic set up of India. In other words, the British rule led De-industrialization of the Indian textile industry, which eventually resulted into high unemployment rates, low income, poverty and hunger among the Indian population. This paper gives an overview economic life of Indian textile industry and the consequent de-industrialization of this industry during the colonial period.
Economic life and Deindustrialization of the Indian Textile Industry during Colonial Period
Deindustrialization is a theory that depicts process through which social and economic change takes place characterized by reduction or removal of industrial capacity in a nation or region, especially heavy manufacturing industry. According to Masani, the process of deindustrialization signifies the decline of an industry when it remains uncompensated by the growth of a modern industry in the same line of production. The process is well illustrated by the life of Indian textile industry during colonial period.
Textiles have long historically as important component of India’s exports. In fact, according to Restivo, archeological evidence from Mohenjo-Daro shows that dyes were used in India for at least the second millennium BC. Budhist scripts show that Indians made woolen carpets as early as 500 BC and some of the technical skills used then are still used today. Thus, India developed its textile industry at an early stage, along with its textile manufacturing technology. As noted earlier, the history of India’s prominence from textile industry largely stems from its wealth of natural resources such as cotton, silk and jute crops.
A few decades before the colonial period, India had a well developed textile industry which for many centuries had sold high-quality cotton products in the local market, and throughout, in the Middle East and in much of Africa. The country’s manually operated textile machines were among the best in the world and in fact, served as the model for the first production machines in Britain. There were large factory towns where skilled labourers could produce so cheaply that the British East India Company, which controlled trade in the region could purchase from the native industrialists, ship these products to Britain, and sell them at full 100 percent mark up over cost. Generally, prior to colonial period, the presence of these natural resources and development of manufacturing sector enabled India to enjoy huge surplus which afforded luxury and comfort to the a large proportion of the country’s population.
According to Markovits, the prosperous Indian textile industry had increased the local manufacturing sector’s capability of successfully challenging the British manufacturing sector. After British entry into India in 1858, it reacted to this potential challenge both politically and economically. First, the British textile industries started increasing investments in production equipments and increased the amount of capital utilized by each worker. They started using more mechanized forms of production in order to increase productivity.
According to Tirthankar, the British textile industries demanded and were given protection from imported Indian textiles. To protect local industries further, the British government placed a high tariff on all imported Indian textiles in Britain, thereby pricing them out of market. At the same time, Britain forced home-made textiles into the Indian market, while accepting the import of raw cotton from India to be used for British production free of any barriers. On top of this, the British government started exporting cheap textile products to India resulting in reduced market for Indian textile products in the Indian local market. By 1913, India had become the major importer of textile products from Britain, which accounted for accounted for 40 percent of British exports. In 1860s, American civil war had disturbed the supply of cotton to British textile industry, creating a cotton famine and Britain instantly reacted by grabbing cotton in India.
During the same period, new textile technology was imported in India by British traders who were involved in exportation of the textile products to Britain. According to Bipan, these new powerful groups of merchants turned mill owners and competed with handloom weavers for the common market and raw materials. These traders established of textile mills in Lancashire and later in India and deprived the Indian weaver both the market and raw materials.
According to Tirthankar, most of the scientific and technological activities sponsored by the British government in India during the colonial period were geared towards the agricultural sector and towards the engineering colleges to undertake the construction of irrigation systems. In order to secure raw materials and provide effective control, surveys were made to map the country with its natural resources. This was followed by among other operations, the establishment of network roads, railways and communication systems. In 1854 the Public Works Department was established in order to centralize the operations of these systems. According to Tirthankar the British main aim in establishing these initiatives was to make the Indian country a source of raw materials for British factories and market for their finished goods.
The impact of this development/underdevelopment was creation of two rival segments of the Indian society; one based on the traditional handcraft and handloom system and the other based on modern technology imported from Europe. Despite the clearly defined interests and motives for specific projects, there was no explicitly formulated science and technology policy during the initial phase of British colonialism. After the industrial revolution and the consequent rapid growth of science and technology in Europe, the colonial Indian state began several experiments in the application in the science and technology. Eventually, science and technology was made an integral component of state policies. Consequently, by the late 19th century, many Indians were discouraged by the heavy emphasis on applied technical education and visible neglect of the theoretical scientific research and teaching.
With the increased lack of control on market and resources, the Indian major textile industries and traditional handloom weavers were displaced and there an exodus out of the weaving trade. A big percentage of Indian textile labourers (weavers and spinners) lost their jobs. In fact according to Mukherjee, the number of textile workers in India fell from 6.3 million in 1800 to 2.4 million in 1913. Available statistics estimated that the idle handloom weavers were approximately 13% of the total Indian population by 1940. Though some Indian handloom weavers sought to remain competitive, their wages dropped significantly. This resulted into acute poverty, dispossession and destruction of livelihoods of many Indians
According to Tirthankar Roy (18), British anti-industrialization policies in India changed after 1931 in response to rising nationalist opposition to colonial domination in the nation. During the protests, the new assertiveness of Indian business was expressed politically in open support of the Gandhi’s swadeshi (which means ‘from your own country) with its semi-religious boycott of foreign goods. Further, the global depression during early 1930s, led to a decline in the value of Indian exports, collapsing India’s export surplus with the rest of the world, leading British monopoly to the end. This took place concurrently with the growth many India industries. On the initiative of Tatas, three power stations were constructed in 1938 in the region of Ghats, near Bombay, which enabled the textile industry to break free from its dependence on coal from North West. This Overall, the production of Indian manufacturing industry doubled during 1930s.
According to Kumar, the first and the second world wars also provided chance for the Indian textile industry to resurface, along with other industries such as the sugar and the steel industries. Import tariff increased in India between 1900 and 1947 from 5 percent to 25 percent which helped to keep Germen and Japanese importers out of India. This helped to increase revenues for this state. According to Kumar, though this helped to create a new stratum for India, its economy continued to languish and per capita income continued to fall from 1900 to 1947. By the time of independence in 1947, manufacturing in India accounted for only 7 percent of national product and only about 2 percent of the country’s labour force was employed in textile factories. Therefore, the British colonial rule led to complete de-industrialization of the Indian textile industry.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the British colonial rule in India brought down the Indian manufacturing industry which had been the source of Indian vibrant economy for a long time. If gauged using modern parameters, India was not an industrial nation. But by the standards of 18th and early 19th centuries, India was the ‘industrial Worksop of the world. The textile industry in particular provided day-to-day requirements for the Indian population and the Indian textiles enjoyed worldwide reputation. The British government’s initiatives in Indian during the colonial period resulted into destruction of Indian textile industry, characterized by catastrophic disappearance of Indian cotton manufacturers from list of exports from India. Eventually, India was reduced to supplier of raw materials and raw agricultural products to industrialized nations, particularly Britain. This resulted into loss of jobs, reduced income and pauperization of Indian weavers. Generally, these events marked the process of de-industrialization of the Indian Textile industry.
Bibliograghy
Bipan Chandra, et al, ‘An Economic Critique of Colonialism’ in India’s Struggle for
Independence, New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1989
Bipan, Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India: Economic
Policies of 1ndian National Leadership’, 1880-1905, Delhi: People’s Publishing House, 1966,
Cypher, James M. & James L. Dietz, The process of economic development, London:
Taylor & Francis, 2008
Griffiths, Percival Joseph, The British Impact on India, London: Frank Cass, 1965
Kumar, Shashi, Biodiversity and food security: human ecology for globalization, Delhi:
Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 2002, p. 149
Markovits, Claude , A history of modern India, 1480-1950, London: Anthem Press, 2004
Masani, Zareer, Indian Tales of the Raj, California: University of California Press, 1990
Mukherjee, Aditya, Imperialism, Nationalism and the Making of the Indian Capitalist
Class 1920-1947, (SAGE series in Modern India History), New York: Sage Publications, 2002
Restivo, Sal P., Science, technology, and society: an encyclopedia, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2005
Sumit Sarkar, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, New Delhi: People’s Publishing House,
1973
Shiva, Vandana, Ingunn Moser, Biopolitics: a feminist and ecological reader on
biotechnology, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1995
Social Science History Association, Social science history, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 1
96, Delhi: Ratna Sagar, 1986
Tirthankar Roy, Economic History of India 1857-1947, New Delhi, Oxford University
Press, 2006
Tirthankar Roy, Company of Kinsmen Enterprise and community in South Asian History
1700-1940 New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009
Tripathi, Dwijendra & MMehta, ‘Modern ideas and industrial initiatives: The Tatas of
Bombay’ in Medha Kudaisya(ed) The Oxford India Anthology of Business History, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011
Healthcare Supply Chain
Healthcare Supply Chain
Name
Institution
Healthcare Supply Chain
Introduction
Healthcare supply chain constitutes the resources required to deliver health services to clients, in this case, patients. In healthcare, the patients are the consumers, and the product they expect from this market is improved health at an affordable rate. In general healthcare supply chain include the resources required to deliver quality care to clients.
In healthcare, supply chain management is very complex as well as a fragmented process. It involves obtaining capitals, managing supplies and distributing goods and services to providers who in turn deliver to the clients. In order for the healthcare supply chain to complete, information about medical products and services go through several independent stakeholders who include manufacturers, providers, hospitals, insurance companies, regulatory agencies, and group purchasing organizations. The healthcare supply chain begins at the manufacturer where the products are produced and sent to a distributor. Depending on the product, hospitals can directly contact the manufacturer to order inventory or a distributor or can rely on a group purchasing organization which enters into a contract with the medical product manufacturer on behalf of the health institution. The products are then sent to the hospital, where they are kept as inventory for providers and patients. The duty of the healthcare organization is to ensure that there is enough inventory and patients have access to possibly life-saving apparatuses.
The participation of regulatory agencies is another aspect of the health care supply chain. These agencies include the Federal Drug Administration, Medicaid, Medicare, private and other health payers (insurance providers). The role of these agencies is to ensure that every commodity is fit for the patient and whether hospitals will be reimbursed for it on covered patients.
Supply chain management
Supply chain management is the management of vertical (up and down) relationships with suppliers and customers to ensure superior customer care value is achieved at the least cost possible to the entire supply chain. The uniqueness of healthcare supply chain management is because every involved party has specific interest to protect. Different stages in the process may concentrate on their own interests. For instance, healthcare providers may prefer a certain product because they were trained with it, while the hospital administration may favor one that is cheaper. The objectives of the supply chain are not usually aligned within an organization, which means the management of the process is most times inadequate and fragmented (Kwon, Kim, & Martin, 2016). The management has to consider various requests and views before settling on product budgets.
Because the supply chain management is aimed at maximizing customer value, their input is equally as important in the management process. The conscious effort that is applied by every part of the supply chain in effective and efficient ways considers the needs of the customer. Providers may consistently order the same glove sizes, but the preferences of the patients vary with some requiring custom products, such as options that do not include latex depending on their health status.
In general, management of the supply chain entails a combined effort of organizations to ensure that medical products reach the patient who is the end-user in the case of healthcare supply chain management. Since the end product includes the welfare of the patient, all items, including the tools used by providers, are considered for patients. Supply chain management involves physical flows which are the manufacture, transportation, and storage of medical products and constitute the physical part of the supply chain. The other aspect is the information flows which, as the phrase suggests, is the coordination of physical flows through the sharing of information.
Leadership
Leadership in the supply chain entail gathering intelligence to inform decisions and creating relationships with various stakeholders and suppliers. In small hospitals, the supply chain leader often doubles in a different role. In large health organizations, entire departments are dedicated to the supply chain and work the logistics systems beginning from research and information analysis, distribution, market analysis, legal considerations and strategy. The supply chain leader is the person in charge of these departments. The supply chain leader may be a specialist in supply chain or another high-level manager in some cases, the chief executive officer.
Leaders manage people and relationships, and its effective execution is of great importance in that it ensures that patients do not lack services by hospitals missing tools or inventory. They are expected to lead a team to build an effective and efficient healthcare supply chain aimed at minimizing cost through collaborating departments within institutions and external stakeholders. The difference between healthcare supply chain leaders and those of other industries is that they are focused more on providing quality services to the customer and generating revenue only holds a secondary position.
Planning
Healthcare supply chain planning is the process of planning medical products from the point where it was a mere resource to the patient. Overall supply chain planning includes production planning, distribution planning, demand planning, and sales and operation planning. Planning outlines the best way to meet the needs that arise from the demand plan. Healthcare supply chain planning regulates processes to ensure that supply and demand are balanced in a manner that achieves the best cost. Demand planning ensures that the demand is anticipated to make sure that patients can find medicine whenever they are prescribed. By effectively planning the demand, the supply chain is able to anticipate peaks where a certain product would be highly on demand such as flu season.
Best leadership and management principles
The core of a healthcare supply chain management is to ensure that the patient gets the best service at the lowest prices by coordinating the actions of various departments and influencing various stages during the distribution process. The leadership and management principle from a collaboration perspective ensure a smooth collaboration between every fact involved in the supply chain network that responsible for achieving the goals of the supply chain at the most basic level. The best supply chain leaders are those that have actual experience with every part of the supply chain, which allows them to have a deep knowledge of what every stage of the cycle is about and what it involves.
The other principle is the team approach. It is unrealistic for a supply chain leader to assume that it is their sole responsibility to make the supply chain work by handling each task required to coordinate the supply chain management process. The team approach allows the leader to facilitate the orchestration of logistics by selecting people with matching skills, delegating the work and upholding performance standards. Effective supply chain processes encourage initiative from partners, providers and stakeholders throughout the supply chain. Ideally, collaboration creates an environment where every partner involved benefits. This is reflective of the clear goal of supply chain management which is to effectively tie together various aspects of hospital functions, information systems, human resources, market analysis, as well as research and development. The best principle in this scenario thus is to create a behavior of collaboration, motivation and the motivation to innovate.
The other principle, which is futuristic, and entails an innovative spirit. Healthcare supply chains should be lead today with people that make intelligent use of information tools such as industry metrics and market data to guide decisions and ensure innovation. Innovation is central to efficient supply chain management. Good leaders stay up to date with market trends, are aware of logistics technologies and systems, and are always on the lookout for ways to provide improved services for patients.
Strategic Sourcing
Strategic sourcing is very crucial as it has a practical impact on every aspect of business and a great deal on the supply chain. Strategic sourcing is a collaborative practice that gives an organization the opportunity to align its purchasing capabilities with its general value proposition. An organization improves efficiency and quality by creating a strong and reliable supply base. There are various benefits of strategic sourcing, one of which is the reduction in costs. Every institution spends a good amount of its revenue on purchases, and about 70% of procurements savings can be attained through strategic sourcing (Kulkarni, 2018). Strategic sourcing simplifies procurements processes, controls costs, and maximizes value for every amount spent.
Strategic sourcing aides the management of risks beyond compliance checks. It helps with the broader inherent risks, especially when dealing with the point of care Technology devices, which are very expensive. For care technology, strategic sourcing allows hospital administrations to prioritize performance metrics and objectives, guaranteeing continuous risk management across crucial procurement activities. With technology, hospitals will consider elements beyond cost, especially innovation, flexibility and the supplier’s sustainability. Building relationships may mean faster lead-times, reliable fulfilment, greater quality and flexibility for negotiation. If properly done, strategic sourcing creates an economic advantage by aligning the goals of the vendor with that of the buyer.
Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting is very important in the health care supply chain. As mentioned earlier, there are patients that want custom medical products due to several reasons, particularly those that can be considered premium based on their ability to pay. There are various techniques that supply chain management can use for demand forecasting. One is the survey method, which covers the future purchase plans of patients and their goals. Considering the collaborative approach to supply chain management discussed earlier, surveys allow for the inclusion of consumers in the healthcare supply chain. Surveys collect information on the kind of services the consumers anticipate in the future. Surveys include expert opinions about a certain product, the Delphi method and Market experiment. Supply chain management must pay special attention to expert opinion on a product considering the nature of products in the healthcare industry. The Delphi method, on the other hand, involves decision-making by a group of experts who provide an opinion on the demand for certain products in the future (Côté & Smith, 2018). A new product may be introduced that providers may consider more potent in dealing with a certain health condition which means they will influence an increase in demand.
Importance of Transaction Files
Transaction files contain transaction information such order record which suggest which items have been consumed and by what rate. By checking the history of preference in the transaction file, the supply chain process ensures that clinicians have the tools required for them to ensure quality. Purchasing decisions are very impactful and the guidance of transaction files is essential because the same pattern created in recent history is likely to be repeated and a hospital administration would like to ensure they have the right tools and medical products in response to demand.
Segmentation
The one size fits all supply chain approach initially adopted by various pharmaceutical and medical device companies is not applicable in practice. Health care supply chain require intelligent segmenting guided by the product characteristics, clinician preferences and customer requirements. Products with varied features should not be forced down the same supply chain process because the result is multiple inefficiencies such as unbalanced inventory. By segmenting on the basis mentioned, organizations can develop forecasting, distribution strategies, production for each category.
Conclusion
By utilizing data and harnessing prices, health care organizations can be able to manage inventory better and build more informed purchasing contracts with suppliers and manufacturers. An effective healthcare supply chain process incorporates the input of every interested party. Having all department on board is particularly a crucial strategy in optimizing the supply chain. For this reason, a leadership technique that supports collaboration is essential. Building strong relationships through strategic sourcing save on costs, ensures that a health organization is dealing with a sustainable supplier and minimizes risks beyond cost. Demanding forecasting enables health organizations to define the items that are required and ensure that inventory is balanced.
References
Côté, M. J., & Smith, M. A. (2018). Forecasting the demand for radiology services. Health Systems, 7(2), 79-88.
Kulkarni, P. (2018). Optimizing strategic sourcing in the healthcare supply chain with consideration of physician preference and vendor scorecards.
Kwon, I. W. G., Kim, S. H., & Martin, D. G. (2016). Healthcare supply chain management; strategic areas for quality and financial improvement. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 113, 422-428.
Analysis of “Disconnected Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap”
Analysis of “Disconnected: Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap”
Student’s Name
Institution
Analysis of “Disconnected: Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap”
The book “Disconnected: Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap” by Carrie James focus on the involvement of the youths in the internet space and how they approach the social media. Technology advancement as a major process of devolution has made the world a media control sphere where people depend on the internet in carrying out their day to day life activities. It is right that the internet, as well as other media, has resulted to societal development where people interact in a positive way, but it has also led to negative effects that are devastating to the adolescents’ growth. The young people are the most affected by the media as they have been brought up in the community where digital technology is the order of the day, thus seek a sense of belonging in these platforms. According to Carrie James, there are thinking gaps in the society which includes disconnects and blind spots which are instigated by different forms of thinking like moral, self-focused and ethical thinking. In her research, Carrie James involved a hundred and forty-three participants that had the age ranging between ten to twenty-five years. In this discussion, the analysis of “Disconnected: Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap” is done in an in-depth extent in consideration of the ethics in the new media as well as how the text amplifies the issues regarding the youth’s internet approach.
Throughout the book, Carrie James has depicted hoe the young people at the teenage as well as young adulthood perceives the media in the modern society. Carrie James has developed the chapters at a far-sighted way where she brings in various matters arising in the society regarding media and she has ended with a topic that tells the negative effects social media platforms as well as their advantages (James & Jenkins, 2014). Her main focus when writing the book was illustrating how the young people think and react to the contradicting issues that daily arise when using the internet. In the book, she puts in point the concepts that are alarming regarding the internet use as well as the matters that are important to think about when it comes to the youths online conducts. According to her argument, there are some disconnections and blind sports the acts as a hindrance to the youths putting into consideration the ethical and moral limits in their online activities. Carrie James precisely elaborates steps that show where the gaps occur in the young people perceptions toward online services and also provides sound solutions in curbing the issue. The adults are considered as the vessels to apply these remedies to on the interest to mentor the young people towards more ethical online conducts.
In the first chapter of the book, Carrie James illustrates the three types of thinking which include ethical, self-focused and moral thinking. The self-focused reasoning involved the act of an individual getting at the main point of reasoning and the conclusion made are based on one’s assessment at the personal level. Moral thinking regards a sympathetic reasoning where the individuals cognitive allows one to put in consideration of how the close people which include friends, neighbors as well as the family are affected by an issue. On the other side, ethical thinking has the same bases as moral thinking, but in this instance, a wide range of the people who are a distance away and not specified are considered.
It is significantly seen in various forms such as community thinking, complex viewpoint taking as well as responsibilities and roles thinking. The major perceptions in understanding the online gap that exists in the society regarding the youth’s internet behaviors are disconnects and blind sports. Blind spots tend to occur when an individual depicts self-interest at the expense of others without his or her awareness which is led by the impacts of unintentional and insensible conducts. On the other hand, disconnects are contradictory to blind spots as they take place when an individual realizes either an ethical or moral scenario and significantly assumes it for a self-favoring choice. For instance, in the social media platform today people spread information as well as art work which are unethical or biased in a way or the other for self-beneficiaries without the awareness of how they affect others in the society as well as the prejudice they instigate.
In chapter two, Carrie James talks about privacy as well as the issues related to it when it comes to the youth’s application of internet and social networking. Privacy issues are often experienced among the youths in the online platforms as they are the vast users of the social media sites as a way of socializing as well as sharing lots of materials and information with family and friends. According to Carrie James in her research, she approached privacy among the young people in three distinct ways where it considered in the individual’s hands, forsaken and social (Kim, 2015). Considering privacy as social, the young people tends to trust the people they are connected with when it comes to the privacy issues. For instance, in the process of posting a picture or any other information, one thinks that it is right to share the post with the connected friends and they is a great expectation of them approving the post.
When it comes to privacy in your hand, the youths understand that the information is not a public thing and that the social online network does not have privacy. Instead, the individual will restrict the information and share it with specified people who are intended to get the post. In the third part regarding privacy forsaken, the youths are aware that in the social online platforms there is no privacy and at the end, the information will be saved at various servers and be shared among other people. They also know that there is a capability of the information being viewed by a third party such as the administrative authority. Carrie James argues that the adults who are there to guide and direct the youths on media issues are greatly focused on the safety private information and they do not get to the moral and ethical limitations.
Furthermore, Carrie James focuses on the property matters where she puts in consideration authorship as well as ownership of the materials. When it comes to making use of the online resources, the youths tend to forget about the duplicate productions which they in many instances. Many of these duplicates might compose the wrong information which contradicts with the original one. The young people claim that it is appropriate to use the materials on the internet even if they are unethical justifying that they are produced for commercial purposes. Also, the youths are not considered about the issues regarding copyright which is an authorized and they do not know the consequences. In many instances, the young people make decisions for their own benefits without considering the ethical and moral values that may influence the society (Haack, 2015).
The other widespread standpoint regarding the social internet platforms involves people’s participation in media activities such as negative dialog and devastating gaming behaviors. Many youths get into deleterious communication situations in the online platform which ends up affecting their speech even with their friends resulting in the degrading of the ethical values in the community. They are also involved in gaming which is self-focused where they might end up using ill language on to others who significantly feel neglected and end up regretting. Excellent examples include game scamming and the play nice which at many scenarios depicts poor mind and it is related to negative information and language. At the last chapter, Carrie James tries to come up with the effective solutions against the illustrated disconnects and blind spots when it comes to the youth’s use of online platforms. Where she concludes that the adults among which parents, teachers and other community members have the responsibility of guiding and educating the youths about privacy, privacy matters as well as thinking regarding the internet online socializing.
As discussed above, Carrie James has perfectly illustrated the ethics in the new media as well as effectively amplifying the youth’s approach towards internet and issues arising from its usage. It is right that the internet has been used in a vast advantageous way when it comes to commercialization and sharing of positive information among other things, but significant steps are supposed to be adhered to curb its effects to the young generation. Youths are all the time involved and exposed to the threats of social media in the name of socializing without putting in consideration their privacy and property matters. It is the role of the parents, teachers as well as other elderly members of the community to educate the young people on the use of internet and challenges accompanied by online media.
References
Haack, S. M. (2015). Disconnected: Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap. Ethics & Medicine, 31(2), 127.
James, C., & Jenkins, H. (2014). Disconnected: Youth, new media, and the ethics gap. MIT Press.
Kim, S. H. (2015). Carrie James: Disconnected: Youth, New Media, and the Ethics Gap.