Recent orders
Dual disorders among veterans
Veterans Who Suffer With Dual Disorders
Name
Institution
Dual disorders among veterans
Introduction
Dual disorders are common in individuals whose life and career subjects them to traumatizing events. A good example of such individuals is soldiers, service men and veterans who witness death and other severe conditions in the course of their duty. Dual disorders are cases in patients those that result from mental problems and substance abuse. Research shows that majority of people develop mental problems due to substance and drug abuse. Veterans and service men encounter a myriad of problems in the course of the war. Many of them develop injuries to the extent that they require evacuation from the battlefront. The most common of these injuries are brain injuries that lead to hearing problems and mental disorders. Different countries have measures and policies that help in taking care of the health issues of the veterans. For instance, the United States has the Department of Veteran Affairs, which attends to the medical needs of veterans (Justice, Erdos, Brandt, Conigliaro, Tierney & Bryant, 2006). The majority of veterans display a common health trait. Most veterans suffer from dual disorders, which implies that they are victims of substance abuse and mental illnesses. The following is a literature review of literary work that provides evidence of the recurrent cases of dual disorders among veterans.
Vets health and social problems
Many scholars have expressed the view that most health conditions that affect veterans develop after they leave the battle. Veteran healthcare guidance published (2010) gives out some facts about the Iraq war veterans. The article indicates that at least one veteran in a group of ten veterans suffers mental problems. Most of these vets are victims of alcohol abuse and often involve themselves in violent behaviors. According to this article, majority of the vets turn to drugs due to depression and frustrations. The condition worsens after they leave the battlefield because they do not have access to peer counselors or other medical facilities. Veterans’ healthcare. (2009) shares the same sentiments in an article, featured in Paraplegia News. It argues that veterans in the Iraq and Afghanistan war suffer from depression and stress disorders. The article raises concerns that the veterans do not receive adequate medical care from the government despite their sacrifices and contributions. The two articles are relevant to the research because they prove that there are cases of dual disorders among vets.
Dreher (2009) uses the results of a research on the plight of veterans and soldiers after to develop arguments in his article. The article indicates that close to 40% of soldiers and vets suffer from mental illnesses and the related behaviors. The seal team conducted a research on the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in the Veteran Affairs medical centers. The research results showed that most of the veterans diagnosed in the facility suffered from depression and psychological problems and behaviors. The American Legion guide on women veterans shows that most women veterans engage in substance and drug abuse due to depression. Chang, Stein, Stewart, Hendricks and Skarf (2012) outline the importance of spiritual help to veterans. The spiritual help will help the vets to overcome the difficult experiences that affect their mental capabilities. The VA (Veteran Administration) offers spiritual help to veterans. This is enough evidence to prove that most veterans suffer from dual disorders (Zivin, Ganoczy & Paul, 2009).
The cost of taking care of veterans
The US has spent huge amounts of money in taking care of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. The US discovered that there was a rise in the number of cases of mental disorders and hence the need to develop a panel to cater for their needs. Kenny (2010) shows the cost estimates that the US government speculated to care for issues related to veteran health. The health issues of the veterans range from disabilities to other medical reasons. However, most of the costs cater for restoring the mental conditions of veterans. The US government has spent a lot of money on improving the welfare of veterans. The government incurs such medical costs on veterans because of its understanding of the risks associated with the medical conditions of veterans (Amara & Hendricks, 2009). Therefore, the two articles show that cases of dual disorders in veterans are so severe that they force the US government to allocate resources towards veterans’ medical care.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and substance abuse among veterans
The battlefield results in death and injuries of colleagues. The trauma of the experiences of the battlefront haunts the veterans even after they return to their homes. Depression forces them to turn into drugs as a measure of fighting their frustrations. Many veterans turn into drug abuse and substance abuse where they develop mental disorders. Cacciola, Koppenhaver, Alterman & McKay (2009) argue that most of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder, which is a mental condition that develops from depression and withdrawal. These mental conditions make it difficult for veterans join their families and friends after war. In most cases, veterans are subject to alcohol and nicotine abuse, which adds to the health risks of most veterans (Stecker, Fortney, Owen, McGovern & Williams, 2010).
It is difficult to treat cases of post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse among veterans. This is due to different cultural and religious beliefs. Some have serious injuries and wounds, but their religions and culture denies medical staff the opportunity of attending to their needs (Wallace, Myers & Osai, 2004). The care for veterans has changed in the recent past. Many health institutions isolated the veterans from the rest of the patients, but this has changed in an attempt to improve the welfare of veterans. Doctors have come up with new diagnosis tactics of addressing health issues that affect veterans as well as new medications. Most countries must take care of their veterans after a war to help them in restarting their lives (Davidson, 2010). It is evident that veterans have been suffering from depression, withdrawal and mental problems due to the effects of the war environment. These development help in addressing the research question and it is the reason that the literature review has found them useful.
Conclusion
The department of Veteran Affairs has attended to many cases of mental problems and substance abuse among many veterans. Trauma and depression affect the veterans and soldiers after events of a war. It is difficult for the veterans to re-unite with their families and friends due to their health conditions. Isolation from other members of society develops feelings of withdrawal and depression in veterans. Depression forces them into drug and substance abuse, which makes them develop violent and rude behaviors. Cases of dual disorders are common for most veterans especially in the United States. The cases affect the veterans and their families severely to an extent that forced the US to budget for the medical requirements of the veterans. Different researchers and scholars have explored the field of veteran health and the effects of war on veterans. Most of them base their research on Iraq and Afghanistan war to make conclusions about veterans in other countries. Different research and articles show that the number of veteran cases has increased, not to mention women veterans (Campbell & Alexander, 2005). Most of the research studies on the Iraq and Afghanistan war indicate that the majority of soldiers and veterans who survived were diagnosed with cases of mental problems and substance abuse. The department of Veteran Affairs (VA) caters for all the needs of veterans including offering them comprehensive health care. Close to 40% of all the Iraq and Afghanistan vets are victims of substance abuse and suffer from mental disorders. Therefore, the literature review above proves that dual disorders among veterans are conditions that have enough weight of qualify as a research topic.
References
Chang, B, Stein, N, Stewart, M, Hendricks, A, & Skarf, L. (2012). Spiritual needs of veterans: healthcare implications for returning troops. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), 406.
Wallace, J. M., Myers, V. L., & Osai, E. R. (2004). Faith Matters: Race/Ethnicity, Religion and Substance Use. Faith Matters, 1-56.
Stecker, T., Fortney, J., Owen, R., McGovern, M. P., & Williams, S. (2010). Co-Occurring Medical, Psychiatric, and Alcohol-Related Disorders Among Veterans Returning From Iraq and Afghanistan. Psychosomatics; Washington, 51(6), 507.
Kenny, P. (2010). Message from the president. The healthcare needs of our veterans. Pennsylvania Nurse, 65(3), 3-23.
Justice, A., Erdos, J., Brandt, C., Conigliaro, J., Tierney, W., & Bryant, K. (2006). The Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Medical Care, 44(2), 7-12.
Campbell, C., & Alexander, J. A. (2005). Health Services for Women in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment. Health Services Research, 40(3), 781-810.
Cacciola, J. S., Koppenhaver, J. M., Alterman, A. I., & McKay, J. R. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychopathology in substance abusing patients. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 101(1), 33
Veteran healthcare guidance published. (2010). RoSPA Occupational Safety & Health Journal, 40(11), 6.
Dreher, H. M. (2009). Veteran’s healthcare: is there any innovation here? Holistic nursing practice, 23(2), 83.
Amara, J., & Hendricks, A. (2009). Issues of the Iraq and Afghan Wars: Short – and Long-term impacts on US Veterans’ Healthcare. Defense & Security Analysis, 25(3), 285-298.
Veterans’ healthcare. (2009). Paraplegia News, 63(9), 60.
Zivin, K., Ganoczy, D., & Paul, N. (2009). Antidepressant Adherence After Psychiatric Hospitalization Among VA Patients with Depression. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research; New York, 36(6), 15.
Davidson, L. (2010). Healthcare for U.S. Veterans: Is the system sufficient? The Internet Journal of Healthcare Administration, 7(1).
An ideal relationship between the board of directors and executive director is characterized
Discussion Post
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
Discussion Post
Question 1
An ideal relationship between the board of directors and executive director is characterized by the two parties working collaboratively to promote their organization’s best interest. For instance, the two parties can contribute significantly to the process of management succession (Froelich et al., 2011). Usually, the executive director is responsible for supporting the board of directors in achieving the organizational set goals (Adams, 2017). This may be achieved by the executive director keeping the board of directors informed of the emerging issues such as risk management and operations updates. Supporting this statement, Froelich et al. (2011) urge that chief executives take the position of psychosocial centrality and are responsible for both unsuccessful and successful outcomes.
Question 2
Succession planning is vital for nonprofit organizations for various reasons. Firstly, succession plans improve organizational performance (Froelich et al., 2011). According to the authors, charismatic leaders with idealism and professional independence have the potential to positively influence the nonprofit organization’s performance. Therefore, if succession plans are put in place, and charismatic leaders are chosen to succeed outgoing leaders, this will contribute to improved organizational performance. Secondly, succession plans are important for nonprofit organizations since the nonprofit sector is faced with a lack of sufficient experienced executive directors in the job market. Therefore, succession plans will ensure that experienced executive directors are identified effectively and on it.
In my opinion, succession planning is equally important for both public and nonprofit organizations. This is because I have witnessed both sectors faced with retirement crises. When managers from any of these sectors retire, effective managers always need to take their place. Without succession planning, it will not be possible to get effective successors. Froelich et al. (2011) reveal that finding experienced and inspired leaders to take the executive positions left vacant by the new generation is going to be challenging for a significant number of organizations, including for-profit and nonprofit organizations. The public sector will also not be an exception. Also, both the public sector and nonprofit sector face the problem of leadership shortage; thus, they all require succession planning (Drennan et al., 2014; Hopkins et al., 2014). Also, the two sectors equally need to enjoy the benefits of effective succession planning, such as the organization’s good performance and continued success.
Question 3
If I served in an nonprofit organization whose executive director and board do not support succession planning, I would educate them on the benefits of succession planning, such as improved performance, to change their mind. I would also enlighten them on risks associated with lack of succession planning, such as a limited opportunity to groom a successor to change their mind (Froelich et al., 2011).
References
Adams, T. (2017, March 23). Blending nonprofit secession planning and executive transition: A successful case. Nonprofit Quarterly. https://nonprofitquarterly.org/succession-planning-executive-transition-non-profit/Drennan, L. T., McConnell, A., & Stark, A. (2014). Risk and crisis management in the public sector. Routledge.
Froelich, K., McKee, G., & Rathge, R. (2011). Succession planning in nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 22(1), 3-20.
Hopkins, K., Meyer, M., Shera, W., & Peters, S. C. (2014). Leadership challenges facing nonprofit human service organizations in a post-recession era. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 38(5), 419-422.
An Exploration of HSEs in Shanghai China
An Exploration of HSEs in Shanghai China
Name
HOSP509 Hospitable Social Enterprise
Instructor
Date
Introduction
Shanghai is a city and province in East-Central China. It harbors one of the largest seaports in the world and boasts of a major commercial and industrial centre in China. The city sits precisely on the Coast of the East China Sea and in between the Hangzhou bay to the south and the Yangtze River to the North. My exact location is the city, which makes up the municipality area, and the local suburbs. The city is the most populated in China with more than 27 million residents as of 2020 (Macrotrends, 2021). Due to its position and location, the city is well placed as an industry and trade centre. It has dominated the Chinese commerce for a long period due to these factors. As the population increases, the demand for local goods and services also increases leading to a growth of a very stable local economy that is unrivaled in China. Today, Shanghai is the most influential financial, cultural, international trade, and economic centre in China.
An Assessment of how the Lack of Chinese Government Support on the Social Aspect Necessitates HSE in Shanghai
The larger Chinese government, as well as its representation in the local municipality in Shanghai, has been supportive of a number of industries and sectors such as industrialization, exports, and setting the price for wages and commodities. The government is involved wholly in setting up the distribution of funds and prescribing targets for major enterprises and the energy sector. However, due to this involvement, social welfare has remained unsupported. Individuals outside the government-controlled sectors are without support from formal government units. While the control of the economy has been effective and has led the country to higher economic heights, the social aspect has deteriorated, requiring a need for hospitable social enterprises (HSEs) in Shanghai municipality. Even as HSEs emerge, the role of government is still very unclear and non-existent in supporting their initiatives. The government does not formally recognize social enterprises in Shanghai because the framework HSEs use and operate is defined by Wang, Alon, & Kimble (2015) as ambiguous. While the national Chinese government and the local Shanghai administration has significant influence on policy formulation at the local level, social enterprises have not received the type of support that would see the thrive in an economy that has so much to offer. At the moment, the Chinese government neither restricts or does it push for the acceptance of social enterprises. However, there is a slow movement towards collaborative efforts with social enterprises as seen in the local 12th Five-Year Plan. Still, there is a notable lack of policy that gives clear guidelines and a regulatory framework for HSEs in China and in Shanghai in particular.
Discussion of Shanghai HSEs
One of the most important HSEs in Shanghai is the Cordis Shanghai a constituent member of the Langham Hospitality Group. The organization is set in the heart of the city and sits right in the midst of the local Shanghai community in Hongqiao. Through its program, Connect, Cordis recognizes the potential effect of businesses on the local community and the environment (Cordis Hotels, 2021). Therefore, Connect is the sustainability programme that is set up to address and manage all issues and initiatives related to the protection of the local community as well as any ecological-driven initiatives. Connect focuses on the major areas of the Shanghai community that includes governance, the community, the environment, and the welfare of the entire area. The Cordis uses its Connect programme to create awareness relating to environmental issues and sustainability and also provides support to local initiatives that focus on the same. Specifically, the programme participates in the energy and water management sector through educational programmes to the local community and funding other domestic firms with the same agenda. Cordis uses an altruism funding model where the benefit of others in its society is of no concern to its other business objectives (Cordis Hotels, 2021). The target group for the company can be divided into three: the local community, firms operating in the energy and water management sector, and individuals championing change in the local community through activism relating to environmental change. A section of the company’s profits are dedicated towards such initiatives. The organization is entirely committee to the continued improvement of the local community including the environment and social sustainability performance. Some of the sustainability issues that it faces include the funding model that depends on how other sectors of the business performs (Cordis Hotels, 2021). Despite being a for-profit organization, Cordis has turned out to be one of the most effective social enterprises in the Shanghai region, bringing about awareness and change relating to how the local community views issues of environmental friendliness and sustainability concerns in the use of energy and water.
La Ruche Shanghai is another thriving social enterprise at the heart of the city. The aim and purpose of La Ruche is to create a link and to promote networking opportunities for French-Speaking women within Shanghai so as to ensure their participation in various forms of professional development in a variety of fields and sectors. The overall aim is to see French-Speaking women in Shanghai get a voice and create a united front to stay ahead of the competition (La Ruche Shanghai, 2021). The target market for the organization is strictly limited to French-Speaking women in Shanghai. Their funding model is individualized, with a reliance on well-wishers and proceeds from the many events and activities that the organization hosts. By targeting French-Speaking women, La Ruche creates awareness, connects women from different walks of life, helps in the learning and sharing of professional development, and particularly helps young women in the Shanghai market to navigate the intricate labour market. The firm is keen on developing skills and allowing French-Speaking women to benefit from exchanges and benefits of a network that specifically promotes professional development. However, the organization faces some sustainability issues including limited funding and an operating model that can be termed as discriminatory in the modern world. Therefore, funding is limited and social inclusiveness may not necessarily be attained.
References
Cordis Hotels. (2021). Available at
https://www.cordishotels.com/en/shanghai-hongqiao/overview/corporate-social-responsibility/
La Ruche Shanghai (2021). Available at
https://expatvalue.com/reseaux/reseaux-pro-a-travers-le-monde/la-ruche-shanghai-chine/
Shanghai, China metro area population 1950-2021. (n.d). MacroTrends| The Long perspective on
Markets. https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/20656/shanghai/population
Wang, H., Alon, I., & Kimble, C. (2015). Dialogue in the dark: Shedding light on the
development of social enterprises in China. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 34(4), 60-69.