Recent orders
Risks of Artificial Tanning
Risks of Artificial Tanning
Student’s Name
Institution of Affiliation
Date
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, tanning is defined as the browning of the skin, especially by exposure to the sun (Scutt, 2020). Skin turning can be natural through the use of the sun or arterial through the use of technological devices that use UV radiation to stimulate the darkening of existing melanin and spur increased melanogenesis, which is the production of new melanin. I am fascinated by the technology of tanning, where people use artificial devices to tan their skin. Artificial turning has been marred by controversy, with some people claiming that it is safer than sun tanning. For example, indoor tanning is a safe source of vitamin D, but this is just a misconception as there is no evidence to support the claim. However, artificial turning is associated with lots of risks to users, including quick aging, increased risk of skin cancer, and the suppression of the immune system.
Artificial tanning is not safer than the sun in regard to the risk of skin cancer (Dodds et al., 2018). While the sun provides natural UV light to the body to help in turning, it also presents a great chance of developing skin cancer. On the other hand, artificial tanning is worse than the sun because it involves artificial UV rays directed to the skin. Despite being controlled, these UV rays can be dangerous to the skin regardless of the number of sessions that a person has undergone artificial tanning. According to science, just one indoor session of tanning increases the risk of developing skin cancer in that it increases melanoma by 20%, squamous cell carcinoma by 67%, and basal cell carcinoma by 29% (Lergenmuller et al., 2019). Despite these statistics, many people across the globe are not aware that artificial turning is not safe, with nearly 25% of young adults who happen to be a user of indoor tanning are either unaware or unsure that artificial turning is not safer than the sun. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires warning labels on all artificial tanning equipment to notify the users that there is an increased risk of getting skin cancer from artificial tanning.
Artificial tanning has been associated with premature aging, and this makes it not safe for use (Knight et al., 2002). Tanning, whether natural using the sun or artificial through the use of tanning equipment, increases the risk of making the user’s skin age more quickly. Individuals who use artificial tanning risk high chances of getting wrinkles, age spots as well as the loss of skin firmness, and this characteristic manifest in the early years of young people who use artificial tanning. Based on this, anyone who uses artificial tanning runs the risk of developing leathery skin, and this is something those non-users don’t have as their skin is rigid and smooth. Everyone wants to age slowly, which is why many people feel bad when their bodies, especially their faces, tend to show signs of aging.
Many people use beauty products to make their skins appear younger, which explains why a person will be disappointed if their skin seems aged. It becomes even more difficult for young people to persevere an aging skin due to body shaming. The use of artificial tanning can even be worse for young people, presenting them with fast aging symptoms, which might increase their chances of depression (World Health Organization, 2017). With their friends looking younger, a person can withdraw from other people, and this may increase the risk of the progression of mental health illnesses such as depression and eventually lead to suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is advisable for young people to stop using artificial tanning as the beauty presented is only temporary with permanent consequences.
Individuals who use artificial tanning run the risk of sustaining serious injuries (Diehl et al., 2019). According to statistics, it is reported that artificial tanning produces more than 100 times more UV levels or the expected intensity of the UV compared to that which is produced by the sun. As a result of the increased levels of UV levels, artificial tanning can accelerate tanning to dangerous levels. It can severely damage the external and internal structures of an individual’s eyes and eyelids. Most victims of indoor tanning risk getting severely injured, which explains why in the emergency rooms across the United States, many people are treated for burns, loss of consciousness, and eye injuries. For example, it is reported that skin burns, syncope, and eye injuries are some of the major injuries resulting from indoor tanning based on their magnitude. Despite the fact that injuries related to artificial tanning have greatly reduced, the risk of being greatly injured is still high, and this means that indoor tanning is not safe for anyone as it might also increase the risk of cancer of the eye, popularly referred to as ocular melanoma, as well cataracts and other potentially blinding eye diseases.
Indoor tanning is associated with the risk of developing autoimmune diseases (Adekunle et al., 2020). The UV radiation from the sun is known to result in skin cancer. Artificial tanning results in more than 100 times the sun’s UV radiation levels, which means that it presents a high risk of developing skin cancer among users compared to those who use the sun. Women are the most common users of artificial tanning as they are obsessed with beauty. As a result, these women end up developing a wide range of diseases resulting from suppressed immune systems. Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation may suppress the proper functioning of the body’s immune system as well as the skin defenses. As a result, an individual increases sensitivity to sunlight, diminishing the effects of immunization or causing reactions to certain medications.
Exposure to artificial tanning in the salon is also associated with the onset of autoimmune diseases. It results in the exacerbation of lupus by modulation of the immune system at the level of the skin (Perer, 2020). Statistics have also indicated that ultraviolet light may result in the development of antinuclear antibodies in the body. Laboratory studies show that normal skin cells produce very large amounts of the protein responsible for inflammation and cell death after exposure to UV radiation from indoor tanning. Based on this, it is evident that indoor tanning, despite being a technological advancement, is not safer compared to sun tanning as it presents numerous risks, including the development of skin cancer and autoimmune diseases.
References
Adekunle, L., Chen, R., Morrison, L., Halley, M., Eng, V., Hendlin, Y., … & Linos, E. (2020). Association between financial links to indoor tanning industry and conclusions of published studies on indoor tanning: systematic review. bmj, 368.
Diehl, K., Görig, T., Schilling, L., Greinert, R., Breitbart, E. W., & Schneider, S. (2019). Profile of sunless tanning product users: Results from a nationwide representative survey. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 35(1), 40-46.
Dodds, M., Arron, S. T., Linos, E., Polcari, I., & Mansh, M. D. (2018). Characteristics and skin cancer risk behaviors of adult sunless tanners in the United States. JAMA dermatology, 154(9), 1066-1071.
Knight, J. M., Kirincich, A. N., Farmer, E. R., & Hood, A. F. (2002). Awareness of the risks of tanning lamps does not influence behavior among college students. Archives of Dermatology, 138(10), 1311-1315.
Lergenmuller, S., Ghiasvand, R., Robsahm, T. E., Green, A. C., Lund, E., Rueegg, C. S., & Veierød, M. B. (2019). Association of lifetime indoor tanning and subsequent risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA dermatology, 155(12), 1350-1357.
Perer, J. (2020). Environmental Stress Response Modulation in Skin: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities for Photoprotection and Suppression of Carcinogenesis (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Arizona).
Scutt, J. A. (2020). Extremities: From the Tips of Her Fingers to the Tips of Her Toes. In Beauty, Women’s Bodies and the Law (pp. 249-296). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
World Health Organization. (2017). Artificial tanning devices: public health interventions to manage sunbeds. World Health Organization.
Among William James’s theories, one that resonates the most with me is The James Lange theory of emotion
Assignments
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Tittle
Professor’s Name
Date
Assignment One
Among William James’s theories, one that resonates the most with me is The James Lange theory of emotion. It suggests that emotions take place as a result of physiological reactions to events. This theory resonates with me since emotions play a significant part in how we behave and think. The emotions that we feel every day influence the decisions we make about our lives and force us to take actions, both small and large. The James-Lange theory is one of the best-recognized models of a physiological theory of emotion. William James and physiologist Carl Lange independently suggested it. According to the theory, it is evident that emotions come about as a result of physiological reactions to events.
This theory implies that seeing an external stimulus results in a physiological reaction. The emotional response is reliant on the way we interpret the physical reactions. One of the examples of James-Lange theory is when an individual sees a snake or terrifying animal, his heart rate increases. This theory implies that the increase in heart rate is what makes us recognize we are afraid. Whereas it may appear like a minor difference in the occurrence of events, the model has a significant impact on understanding emotions and psychology.
Assignment two
Upon locating two articles from the CSU Online Library that discuss structuralism and functionalism, I realized major similarities and differences between what we learned from the textbook and the information I found in the chosen articles. From the functionalism article, its origin usually is traced to a paper on the reflex arc by John Dewey of Chicago. Just like the textbook, he reasoned against the analytic approach of lessening reflex to its components and claimed instead that reflex required to be perceived in its more comprehensive framework as a synchronized system that functioned to acclimate the organism to its setting. The article asserts that Dewey was recognized mainly for his broadminded outlooks on education, having faith that learners ought to be active students and his philosophical works of literature on democracy. The article’s main difference is that functionality states that every aspect of society serves a function and is essential for society’s survival. According to both the textbook and the article, structuralism is broadly considered the first school of thought in psychology. This point of view centers on breaking down psychological processes into essential elements. The article demonstrates that major philosophers associated with structuralism include Edward Titchener and Wilhelm Wundt.
From the information I choose in the article and what I learned in class, structuralism was the initial school of psychology centered on breaking down mental processes into the most elementary elements. Functionalism was established as a reaction to structuralism and was influenced by the evolutionary philosophy of Charles Darwin and the work of William James (Benjamin, 2018). Functionalists pursued to elucidate the psychological processes more accurately and systematically. The article of functionality gives the same elucidation of functionality whereby it asserts that it is the doctrine that what makes something a thought, pain, desire relies not on its internal makeup, but exclusively on its functions, or the part it plays, in the mental structure of which it is a part. Specifically, functionalist philosophies take the individuality of a psychological state in determining its causal relationships to behavior, sensory stimulations, and other mental states.
The finding of an analysis from a functional perspective makes the concept clear for me. According to the article, the initial clear assertion of the functionalist theory originated from the 1906 APA executive discourse of James Angell, who clearly compared functionalism and structuralism, pointing out that structuralists were more likely to inquire about the question “What is consciousness?” while functionalists were more focused with the query “What is consciousness for?” This made them research subjects ranging from growing to abnormal psychology and making them concerned about single differences and how everyday problems can be solved using psychology.
Reading about Titchener’s background convinces me that structuralism is a more solid methodology. Edward Titchener was Wilhelm Wundt’s student who first came up with the term ‘structuralism’ and popularized the school of thought. Titchener, whose notions were not the same as those of his educator, felt that psychology ought to center on learning both the mind and the consciousness (Li, 2020). Titchener regarded consciousness as the amalgamation of all of our psychological experiences at any particular point in time. The mind, at that time, was the buildup of all of our involvements all through our lives. Titchener and his associated structuralists supposed that we could realize how psychological processes are organized and learn about higher thinking by dividing the mind into its basic parts (Huffman et al., 2017). The textbook and the article on structuralism and functionalism have similarities in a way that according to Titchener, the cognizant minds made up of three structure or modules: images, which are mental pictures of ideas, feelings, which are produced by sensory information, and affections, or the components that make up emotions.
Reference
Benjamin Jr, L. T. (2018). A brief history of modern psychology. John Wiley & Sons.
Huffman, K., Dowdell, K., & Sanderson, C. A. (2017). Psychology in action. John Wiley & Sons.
Li, R. (2020). Young Dewey and Zeitgeist in Psychology. In Rediscovering John Dewey (pp. 49-73). Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
Todays Internet economy has forever changed the way the world conducts business.
Risk Management
Today’s Internet economy has forever changed the way the world conducts business. At no other time in history has technology opened the doors to new markets at a faster pace. While e-Commerce presents tremendous opportunities, it also introduces an enormous amount of risk. After all, the same technology that connects companies to the global marketplace also makes their systems vulnerable to attack.
As organizations leverage computer networks and the Internet to scale their businesses and be more competitive, directors and managers must understand the new risks introduced and the responsibilities assumed by opening their critical business systems and data to a public network. Regulations, guidelines, and standards are emerging to help companies define and implement appropriate security and privacy practices. However, without a reliable mechanism for frequently assessing and improving compliance with these standards, there is no prudent way to strike the appropriate balance between the risks assumed and the additional opportunity realized through e-Business initiatives.
Security can only be evaluated by better understanding the tools and processes that dynamically interact to protect the computing environment. This interaction should occur in a way that is appropriate for the sensitivity of the environment’s data or the function it provides. Preventive controls stop inappropriate activity before it occurs. Detective controls track security events after they occur and provide information for investigations when an incident is noticed or data is missing or corrupted. Assessment controls identify weaknesses in the environment by evaluating system configurations, security settings, access control lists, and other security elements of a particular system or layer. Corrective controls are measures that strengthen a computer resource or environment. Enhancement controls are structures and frameworks that are put into place to assist in managing a computing environment.
Government (local, national, and international) attempts at establishing or influencing these requirements are prevalent in today’s security environment. HIPAA, Gramm-Leach-Bliley, and various Executive Orders are government-mandated requirements for security and privacy requirements in the healthcare, financial services, and government industry arenas, respectively. For example, every department and agency within the federal government has been mandated, by Executive Order, to develop, monitor, and manage an information security program. Such a mandate requires implementing a security policy and a process for certifying and accrediting that systems and networks comply with that policy. This typically manual and arduous certification and accreditation (C&A) process must be completed every three years or after each major system change.
In the absence of specific regulations, organizations in many nonregulated industries are now reviewing international standards as a starting point for defining appropriate security and privacy practices. International security compliance standards such as BS 7799 and ISO 17799 are being proposed as candidate standards for security compliance. In addition, de-facto standards bodies such as VISA are starting to publish security guidelines; if these guidelines are not implemented, VISA merchants risk losing use of the VISA logo.The implications are that companies may now have to include a compliance review for multiple, potentially conflicting mandates, have a policy for determining which standard to follow, perform an analysis of the cost of compliance, as well as noncompliance, with government standards in the countries where they do business, and evaluate the trade-off of complying with these standards.
Bibliography: