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Reward and Punishment
Reward and Punishment
(Author’s name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
One of the most resilient topics in the current world of raising children is which punishment is the most effective in correcting behavior and guiding children to grow up into desirable members of the society. The two warring options are the exercise of rewards and the application of punishment as ways of correcting behavior. This article will look at what is meant by rewards, as well as, by punishment, and, further, look at the different ways each method of correction is effective. In addition to this, the paper will also describe and explain what a token economy is using an example of where and how it might be used.
When a parent or a figure of authority desires to change or reinforce a certain behavior in a child, there are two aims these individuals usually have in mind. They might be aiming to increase a certain desired behavior, or they might be aiming to decrease a certain undesired character. Either way, these individuals can achieve their goals through two approaches. One of these approaches is using punishments to decrease a certain undesired behavior, and the other way is using rewards to encourage a certain desired character.
So what is meant by rewards? A reward is a form of positive reinforcement, which involves a parent or figure of authority giving a child something pleasant. For instance, a teacher might give a child who has behaved excellently some candy or an apple to encourage him or her to keep on behaving as well as he or she has. Another example of a reward is the paycheck many people get from work. Those people who are able to work hard and maintain their jobs are the only people who manage to receive a check each end month. Therefore, a reward is a form of positive reinforcement, which works or is effective in reinforcing desirable character through motivation, encouragement, and approval and rewarding (Episode 2).
The opposite of rewards is punishment. Punishment is a form of a positive punishment whose goal is to decrease an undesired character. Punishing someone is giving him or her something unpleasant. Examples of a punishment include spanking a child when they show an undesirable behavior like lying. Another example is spraying a cat with water on the face when he scratches the couch. Another extremely common example of a punishment among adults is getting a ticket for speeding. Punishments work effectively by giving someone something distasteful or unpleasant to discourage them from repeating the same unpleasant behavior (Episode 2).
There are other approaches commonly used for reinforcing behavior. Token economy is one of them. This is a system of modifying behavior through positive reinforcement based on the operant conditioning principles. One of the most practical explanations is that children will do or behave in a certain way if rewarded for it and if there is a chance for them to earn prizes or tokens like tickets, points or chips. For instance, a teacher in class can use token economy to encourage excellent performance by rewarding those who pass well with tokens like tickets to movies or points, which the children can exchange later for bigger prizes (Chance, 2003).
Although researchers have proved that these approaches can work to modify behavior, one should also follow the rules of schedules of reinforcement. Most figures of authority will not necessarily reinforce behavior all the time. In real life, people do not usually receive reinforcements for their behavior all the time. A schedule of reinforcement is a principle that states which instances of behavior are reinforced. There are different kinds of schedules, which apply to different people and different instances of behavior. These include variable schedules, fixed schedules, duration schedules, interval schedules, ratio schedules and continuous reinforcement (Chance, 2003).
All these are different ways through which behavior can be encouraged or discouraged to ensure that individuals show the desirable character or behavior.
References
Chance, P. (2003). Learning and Behavior. Toronto: Thomson-Wadsworth.
Episode 2: Rewards and punishments. Retrieved from http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2007/02/episode-2-rewards-and-punishments/
revitalizing_a_brand
Revitalizing a Brand: Plaza Home Health Services
Student Name
Course
Instructor
Date
Revitalizing A Brand: Plaza Home Health Services
Co-owners: Nancy Edwards and Jennifer Moore
The brand’s co-owners have established different efforts targeted at improving the status and stature of their brand by making changes to the brand image and consumer recognition. Nancy and Jennifer capitalized on an opportunity on demand for home health services. The company has witnessed numerous successes in its first year of operation. In fact, Plaza Home Health Services is the leading company in providing home health services in Georgetown even after stiff competition from other established and competitive companies. Their success can be attributed to the commitment established when delivering excellent services in a comprehensive way that eclipses what other competitors offer. In order to offer top quality services, Nancy and Jennifer (the two entrepreneurs) hired the most capable employees, which resulted to a competitive advantage. The company seeks for more and better methods that can enable them cement their market position through economic control and constructing a recognizable brand that offers the best quality home health services.
Current Marketing Communication, Identity, and Brand Position
The company is trying to work on its communication channels by analyzing how to remake and restructure their poorly designed logo. The current state of the logo led to production of uninspiring and displeasing promotional brochures, business cards, and building signage. The state of the logo has caused many questions such as the validity, importance, and motivation of the company logo. The logo contains the words “Plaza Home Health Services” in italics. This makes all elements that deal with the company “amateurish,” a factor the company can change as it has undergone numerous successes over its first operational year.
The company has not been innovative on their market communication. As such, their communication is ineffective as it only displays the services offered. In addition, Plaza Home Health services have not attempted branding. This is clear as the company has shown no clear labeling efforts. In fact, the company uses undeveloped labeling efforts, which shows the company used no effort, energy or creativity in creating an exclusive trademark.
However, Nancy and Jennifer acknowledge that change is needed to the current image of the company associated brand attributes. The two indicate that their company name is satisfying and that no change is needed there. In addition, this would cause great confusion among the loyal customers who are accustomed to the name Plaza Home Health Services. However, the components of the logo such as the symbols, text, and colors to use have to change for its own good.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Plaza Home Health Services entered the market at probable the best time, which is evident due to the company’s successful first operational year. This helped the company establish the brand name and showcase their services.
The company has a strong competitive advantage when it comes to recruiting because of its strong compensation as well as benefits package.
The company ensures excellent patient care delivery by setting strict protocols to be the basis of their operations. This establishes the company as a high standard company that offers professional services.
Weaknesses
The state of the company logo remains a great concern to the founders as it still needs restructuring in order to reflect and show the quality company that Plaza Home Services is.
Apart from having to remake or improve the logo, it had to present and advertise the services of the company in terms of quality and class.
The company also has poor visibility in the marketplace as a result of poor advertisement.
Lack of investors to collaborate with and do business together. These are important as they assist in spreading the company’s name and services in most limited places.
Opportunities
Plaza Home Health Services company has already established itself in the market as the leading services providers in Georgetown.
The company can take advantage of this in developing even a bigger and broader customer base. This is possible by establishing advertising promotions, as such means sometimes mean the difference between the leading companies and their competitors.
The company can use its established brand name to get more funding, which can be put to more use such as new machinery, equipment, or even start spreading the company’s sub-branches to other places and towns.
Threats
The company might lose some recognition because of re-branding. This is because customers may think that it is a different company, which might result in trying to seek services elsewhere. In such conditions, the company would have to be very fast in implementing its strategies that assure their loyal customers as well as attract new ones.
Any inconvenience or confusion caused by rebranding the company’s logo and operations might open new possibilities and chances for competitors to take advantage of. Therefore, the company has to prepare for the worst in their pursuit of the best.
Importance of Benchmarking
Most companies employ the use of benchmarking to assist in raising the company’s competitiveness abilities (Fifer, 1989). Analyzing the strong points and areas of other companies assists in knowing how to deal with such situations as well as how to do better what others are failing. Benchmarking also helps companies provide better services to customers than those of competitors. In addition, benchmarking enables a company to eliminate its weakness and explore new ways that assists in capitalizing on the threats.
Comparing Branding and Communication Strategies with another Company
Standards Home Health provides services similar to Plaza Home Health Services. However, there are certain differences in communication and branding strategies. For instance, Standards Home Health Company makes good use of marketing tools like brochures, websites, and social media. These and other means of advertising assists the company in making big progress in establishing its market share (Camp, 1989).
Conclusion
Plaza Home Health Services co-owners, Nancy and Jennifer has done a great job in establishing their brand in what is a very tough home health sector competitive market. Apart from this great work, the two have noticed that it would be best for them to expand their businesses as well as increase their stronghold. Improving the status and stature of the company involves upgrading the brand image, as well as bolstering corporate identity as well as customer recognition. These actions show the optimism of the cofounders as it is a look into the future of the business. This is possible by revisiting the decisions they made hastily upon noticing the opportunity to start their firm. For this to happen, great decisions have to made, expenses have be incurred, and risks are going to be taken. All these factors have to go in line with utilizing branding opportunities in order to establish major presence in the market. In addition, this would bring more recognition to the company, which consequently creates a stronger and larger customer base.
References
Camp, R. (1989). The Search for Industry Best Practices that Lead to Superior performance. Productivity Press.
Fifer, R. (1989). Cost benchmarking Functions in the Value Chain Strategy & Leadership, 17 (3) 18-19
American Sentinel College of Nursing & Health Sciences
Health and Human Services
Lucreshia Jackson
American Sentinel College of Nursing & Health Sciences
Dr. Teri Logghe
28 September 2022
Health and Human Services
Healthcare infrastructure is fundamental to providing, improving, developing, and assessing public health (Borrell et al., 2021). The health infrastructure helps the community prevent, promote, and respond to chronic and acute health issues. A healthy population is defined by its access to agencies, goods or services, and essential facilities for healthy living. Hospitals provide care and services in situations such as childbirth, surgery, life-threatening emergencies, and non-emergency medicine (Borrell et al., 2021).
By touring around Sentinel City, I observed the main hospital located in the Casper Park area. The hospital is located in a convenient area for the neighboring areas despite it being a little bit far from the Lake View neighborhood. Several clinics and facilities provide health care, such as pharmacies, dental clinics, vision clinic, and urgent care facilities. Nursing homes, assisted living, rehabilitation centers, hospice care, and long-term care are also included. Exercise facilities in the City provide wellness and health opportunities. Many services offered by the Public health Department in Sentinel city, such as physical, mental, and financial, provide the community with different care options.
Nutrition is a major contributor to the health of the public. Improved and better nutrition among the public results in stronger immune systems, safer childbirth and pregnancies, and improved child, maternal, and infant health. It also prevents the spread of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes and increases our longevity (Bandy et al., 2019). On my tour around Sentinel City, I could observe fast-food restaurants. However, these types of restaurants do not provide nutritious food options. Therefore, the residents of Sentinel City need to visit the grocery stores, farm markets, or produce stands located in the City to access healthier foods. The residents in the City should include non-saturated fats, vegetables, and fresh fruits for vitamins and proteins and limit the intake of saturated fats and sugars. The public health department of Sentinel City aids the residents by providing healthier food options to both individuals and their families and also provides nutritional educational resources.
To provide its services to the community or the public, the health department and its infrastructure heavily rely on its workers. The health systems cannot function without any workforce in them. The functions of improving the coverage of health services and the realization of the enjoyment rights on higher attainable health standards by the health systems depend on the acceptability, quality, and availability of the healthcare workforce (Zapata et al., 2021). Those states in the world that are in the stage of socioeconomic development always struggle to employ, educate, or retain a healthcare workforce of high quality due to the difficulties of deploying such workers to underserved or remote areas (Medline plus, 2022).
Sentinel City should use the resources of the health sciences students within the City of Sentinel to manage the matters of maintaining the public health workers. They should allow the students to assist the underserved populations within the City and provide healthcare in prone areas inside the City and its surrounding, benefiting both the public and the students. Students will also be granted the experience of acquiring an improved understanding of population wellbeing due to exposure to different healthcare forms.
References
Bandy, L., Adhikari, V., Jebb, S., & Rayner, M. (2019). The use of commercial food purchase data for public health nutrition research: A systematic review. PLoS One, 14(1), e0210192.
Borrell, L. N., Erwin, P. C., & Fiala, S. (2021). COVID-19, racism, and public health infrastructure. American Journal of Public Health, 111(S3), S172-S172.
MedlinePlus – Search Results for health disparities. Vsearch.nlm.nih.gov. (2022). Retrieved 29 September 29 September 2022, from https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&v%3Asources=medlineplus-bundle&query=health+disparities&_ga=2.43319781.1566140651.1513282447-676582744.1491403207.
Zapata, T., Buchan, J., & Azzopardi-Muscat, N. (2021). The health workforce: central to an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. European Journal of Public Health, 31(Supplement_3), ckab164-059.