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Discussion Board 3. Reply 1 Acid Rain
Discussion Board 3
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Reply 1: Acid Rain
It is evident that acid rain causes many problems; hence, should be controlled in the most efficient way. There is now hope of controlling the acid rain as a result of new technologies and improved regulations. It is a known fact the electricity, which people use is obtained from power plants. At the same time, this power plants produce extremely high volumes of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. In the United States, more people are involved in ensuring that Congress updates and improves its Acid Rain Program. Therefore, it will mean that power plants can only emit certain amounts of the poisonous gases. Power plants that do not follow the established rules will face the law because the activities they are engaging in are harming many natural elements on earth.
Scientists continue to make more advancements that will ensure that they completely get rid of acid rain. For example, they advice those concerned that power plants should use coal that does not have a lot of sulfur. In case the rain has high amounts of sulfur, the plant should be washed immediately. In addition, scrubbers should be installed in power plants so that only harmless gases are produced when fossils and coal are being burnt. Lastly, people should ensure that they drive cars that do not pollute the environment. It is a known fact that one of the highest contributors of acid rain is from trucks and cars that pollute the environment. Currently, catalytic converters are being used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emitted by cars. The equipment has proven that it can efficiently be used to produce natural gases, which are pure and clean. I have personally never experienced acid rain, but people who do need to be protected from it to avoid its harmful effects. Indeed, acid rain causes many problems and thus it has to be stopped before it causes further problems.
References
Likens, G. & Driscoll, C. & Buso, D. &Mitchell, M. et al. (2002). HYPERLINK “http://www.esf.edu/efb/mitchell/Class%20Readings/BioGeo60.235.316.pdf” “The biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard Brook”. Biogeochemistry 60, 3, 235.
Van DeVeer, D. & Pierce, C. (2002). The Environmental Ethics and Policy Book: Philosophy, Ecology, Economics. New York: Cengage Learning.
Weathers, K. & Likens, G. (2006). Acid rain. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishing.
Reply 2: Tissue Engineering and Cloning
There is a need to ensure that the ethics of cloning exists, especially in biotechnology. An ethical stance concerning tissue engineering and cloning needs to be effectively established. I accept the fact that most of the views concerning human cloning originates from religion. There are also some secular perspectives concerning this issue as well. It is through legislation that the government will be able to address the issue of cloning as advancements are being made quite frequently.
Biotechnology advancements have ensured that there is a need to understand the various ethical and scientific principles as well as their implications on medicine. Currently, the latest form of cloning is referred to as therapeutic cloning that assists in regenerative medicine. This process helps in curing genetic disorders through circumventing immunorejection. This form of therapy will most likely produce the treatment for Parkinson’s disease and organogenesis. Based on this information, religions that are against cloning and tissue engineering should not continue having the same negative views.
The only objection that is not religious concerning human cloning is that people who are cloned tend to be damaged biologically. This is as a result of the clone’s origin being unreliable as well as inherent. It is even the reason why non-human primates have not been reliably and safely been cloned. I often hear many debates concerning this issue and in my opinion, cloning should be done so long as it follows the established ethical rules. There are still a number of questions that have not been addressed concerning tissue engineering and cloning. An example is when will there be a human clone that will never die, and I am sure many people would love to see such a clone. This issue is quite controversial and interesting as well in many aspects.
References
Appel, Jacob. (2005). HYPERLINK “http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901EEDD1331F932A25751C1A9639C8B63″ What Would a Clone Say?” Retrieved from New York Times Magazine.
Hall, J. & Stojkovic P. & Stojkovic M. (2006). Using therapeutic cloning to fight human disease: a conundrum or reality? Stem Cells.24, 7, 1628–1637.
Snustad, Simmons . (2003). Principles of Genetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Discussion board #3 – the special events company
Discussion board #3 – the special events company
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Discussion board #3 – the special events company
Overview of the industry
Special Events Company falls in the events planning industry. This industry consist of the companies that offers services related to planning customers’ events such as graduation parties, wedding parties and anniversaries, birthday celebrations among other events that may require prior arrangement and preparations. In looking at the events organizing industry in general, we reveal the position of the Special Events Company (Allen, 2011). In overview of the whole industry, Special Events Company want to become a market leader by offering exceptional services that exceed the customers’ expectations hence put them ahead of the competitors. From the case study, little is mentioned of Government interference in the way the company carries its business hence the government has friendly policies for carrying the event organizing business (Ryans, 2000).
The life cycle of a business in the industry
Business cycle will consist of all stages of development that Special Events Company will undergo or has undergone since its inception to the future expected status or the current status. Each of the stages in the development is characterized by its unique characters, challenges and opportunities. Special Events Company will undergo the following five stages; the prestart, starting, managing cycle, growth cycle and exiting the business (Allen, 2011). At the Prestart stage, the managers decide on what kind of business to start and products to offer. The starting cycle is the stage when the business is launched to offer the services is intended to. On the managing cycle, the, owners of Special Events Company will apply all their key techniques to make the company established in the market. On the growth cycle the business experiences expansion of its customer’s base and the services it offers (Lal, 2006). The last cycle is only possible if the company is unable to establish its competitive advantage in the market and acquires customers who will enable the company generating enough revenues.
Discussion of each of Porter’s Five Forces
In line with the Special Events Company, the five Porter’s five Forces will apply as follows. The company is the right terms its suppliers to ensure continuous supply at the best possible prices. On the threat of new entrants, the company has loyal customers who will not switch their purchasing powers in the event a new competitor comes in (Lal, 2006). The company has partnered its products to avoid any likehood of substitutions. The offers unrivalled products hence the degree of rivalry is not a threat. The company has a control over its buyers and they are not a threat to the company.
Customer or a market of sufficient size to make the concept viable
From the forecast and analysis, the size of market is sufficient as their products are well differentiated and targeted at a particular part of the population. The company has an established forecast to serve at least 50 customers in a month (Allen, 2011). The company will also encompass two sets of activities, the normal event organizing and the offering of the promotional services to increase the revenues that is to be realized.
The estimates of sales and expenses for the first 3 years
This entails the estimates of the expenses is of the money that will be spend on the promotion of the of the company’s services, which is the money that will be spend in acquiring the consumers awareness of the services. On the estimation of the revenue, is the estimated earnings the company will receive for offering their services once in operations. These estimates will be calculated for the first 3 years. With the monthly target of serving 50 customers, the company expects to sell 50 units a month, translating to 600 a year and a total of 1800 customers or more at the end of the three years.
Needed for start up funding
These include the pre- operational and the operation finances that are required for the company to commence its operations. These funding are required to pay for those expenses that arises prior to the company commencing its operations to the funding that will be required once the company has commenced its operations. The funding is necessary to cater for those expenses that arise when the business is not able to generate its own stream of cash flow to sustain itself. The exact amount of these depends on the activity that the company plans to undertake.
Some important biblical concepts to consider in this part of the business plan
The preparation of the business plan and the subsequent launch of the business will be guided by the following biblical perception. Loving the customers and humanity as God loves us and having a clear vision for the company. For example, John 3:16 talks of God having so strong love for us that he gave its only son so that we will all have an external life and not perish. This will help us as a guide to love our customers, stakeholders by being honesty with our customer by always speaking the truth.
References
Allen, R. (2011). Launching new ventures: an entrepreneurial approach. Stamford: Cengage Learning.
Lal, H. (2006). Total quality management: a practical approach. New Delhi: New Age International Press
Ryans, A. (2000). Winning market leadership: strategic market planning for technology-driven businesses. New York: Wiley Publishers.
Discussion and Summary of Understanding the Gender Gap An Economic History of American Women by Claudia Dale Goldin
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Discussion and Summary of Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women by Claudia Dale Goldin
Claudia Goldin has provided beneficial information about the gender gap that exists mainly concerning earnings. Before the year 1950, comprehensive data did not exist. However, some data obtained from other economic sectors proves that a gender gap exists in matters that concern earnings. Furthermore, these figures have been quite low during the early periods of the American history. Between the years 1820 up to 1850, the industrial revolution was taking place in America and the ratio of male to female fulltime employees rose to around 0.5 from the original 0.3. This rise was experienced in the manufacturing and agricultural industries respectively. It means that the average earnings for men rose quite higher, at fifty percent than that of women which was at thirty percent. Furthermore, from the years 1900 up to 1930, there was a rise in the sales and clerical sectors, and the ratio existing between females to male earning significantly rose to 0.56 from 0.46. In all the mentioned periods, the employment rate of married women did not show significant expansion. However, in the years 1950 to 1980, quite a number of married women entered the labor force. There was a constant female to male ratio at sixty percent, in terms of year round and full time earnings.
In the article, Goldin used statistics and observation in order to address the issue on gender disparities, particularly those regarding earnings. The earnings between women and men brought about the existing differences. Pay is affected by observable differences such as hours of work, job experience, and education. These factors give an explanation as to why the wage gap is as high as fifty percent. The other residual factors cannot be in any way explained through observation. Residuals can result from economic discrimination or even workers choices. Around ten to thirty three percent of the female and male earnings differences can be explained using the different occupations between the two. Therefore, the remainder comes about as a result of the occupational differences, which are existent because of observable factors.
A key reason as to why there is a decrease and change in the earnings between the two genders is educational advancement. Access to college education has ensured that men and women are at par when it comes to acquiring knowledge. Women who have college education have majored in the same subjects as their male counterparts. Male graduates with college degrees were higher as compared to females in the 1960, while the figure was equal between the two in the year 1980. It means that during the 1960’s the indicated ratio was a hundred professional male degree holders compared to less than five females with professional degrees. However, during the year 1990, as many as sixty females were earning professional degrees compared to a hundred males. It is interesting to note that women were becoming aware that they could have the same expectations as men, thereby, contributing to the success of their futures. In the past, women were taking up courses that were not competitive; hence, could not compete with the males. The result is that men obtained better jobs and left the females to work in undesirable sectors of the economy. Currently, the gap has changed as women now have the same occupations as men, even in the corporate world. Even though, women have narrowed the gap that hitherto existed between them and their male counterparts in the economic sector, the results did not come on a sliver platter.
The article has also provided some findings concerning the issue at hand. The government has ensured that the legislature has narrowed the existing gender gap. An example of legislation is the 1964 Civil Rights Act Title VII that does not allow discrimination based on employment conditions, promotion, and hiring based on sex. In addition, affirmative action has helped in addressing this issue. The two laws have ensured that the gender gap in occupations and earnings has been reduced. In the twentieth century, the gap in occupations, earnings, and employment reduced in many ways. However, most of the significant changes were witnessed during the 1980’s. The article has not provided an exact time as to when the gap will disappear since it depends on the time spent by the two genders at home as well as childcare.
The article has successful employed new data series as well as quantitative and innovative methods of history. The length of the article shows that a lot of effort was put into ensuring that everything concerning the matter is addressed. It has also traced the female American labor force as well as workplace gender distinctions. However, the article failed to provide an in depth discussion of how the economy has suffered because of the gender gaps. In addition, it should have ensured that it used numerous references from known researchers in the study. In conclusion, the article by Goldie has ensured that the reader is well informed about the gender gaps that exist in the United States, particularly regarding occupations and earnings.