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Discussion 7 & 8. client assessment in human assessment writing
Discussion 7 & 8
During client assessment in human assessment writing, the need of reflective thinking cannot be understated. The principle of reflective thinking during client assessment gives one an angle of empathy that helps in the process. Reflective thinking involves a concise engagement of the human psyche in an effort to critically access the information that one is receiving and not to just take it in face value. This process helps one identify and recognize things that one wouldn’t probably notice in the event that reflective thinking wasn’t being used.
Having a good cover letter is tantamount to having a good marketing strategy. The cover letter acts as an introductory description of the resume as well as an application to the position that the writer is applying for. It acts as a convincing tool to the employer take time to look at the applicant’s resume. A cover letter should have three basic parts in the forms of paragraphs. The first paragraph is a basic introductory part where the applicant shows interest in the employment and seeks to generate interest in them. The second paragraph is where the applicant describes his achievements, training and experiences that highlight his abilities and strengths and his suitability to the job. The third and last paragraph is where the applicant states his action plan in terms of following up the application and the thanks for the addressee’s time and consideration (Hart 27).
Students looking to improve their grammar writing skills can find great help online from sites that offer grammatical learning platforms geared at improving these particular skills. Sites for example noredink.com and writersdigest.com are online sites that provide the learners with articles, dictionaries, copywriting blogs and teaching classes aimed at the improvement of their skills (Gorp 45).
Works Cited
Gorp, Lynn V. Must-see Websites for Busy Teachers. Huntington Beach, CA: Shell Education,
2008. Print.
Hart, Anne. Cover Letters, Follow-Ups, Queries & Book Proposals. New York: ASJA Press,
2004. Print.
Bottom of Form
Discussing Strong AI
4. (a) What is “Strong AI”?
Strong AI is a feature of computer program to process complex human problems that can also communicate using the human natural language. An example of such a program depicting a strong artificial intelligence is the computer chess game application that at the same converse in the human natural language. Proponents of such a position that computers can be intelligent include Alan Turin. However, according to Searle, by conducting such a complex combination of intelligent activities, computers cannot be said to possess understanding of natural language or even perform complex thinking processes.
What is Searle’s “Chinese Room” argument against strong AI?
Testing a theory of mind in a computer is expected to fail according to Searle’s famous opinion on the Chinese Room explaining opposition of the strong AI in computers. The following words express his dissatisfaction with the argument of a strong AI.
“Imagine a native English speaker who knows no Chinese locked in a room full of boxes of Chinese symbols (a data base) together with a book of instructions for manipulating the symbols (the program). Imagine that people outside the room send in other Chinese symbols which, unknown to the person in the room, are questions in Chinese (the input). And imagine that by following the instructions in the program the man in the room is able to pass out Chinese symbols which are correct answers to the questions (the output). The program enables the person in the room to pass the Turing Test for understanding Chinese but he does not understand a word of Chinese….” (Cole, 1).
(b) What is the “Robot Reply” to the Chinese Room Argument? [“Minds, Brains and Robots”, pp. 7f]
Robot reply was the strongest indication of philosophical support to John Searle’s argument where a computer in form of a robot confined in a rom failed to understand language. Alternatively, the computer failed to respond to simple interpretation of words that basic intelligent ought to resolve. The room operator in the setup cannot tell the meaning of hamburger in Chinese and the computer likewise fails to understand (Cole, 1). The computer cannot learn like a human being does from a tender age even after being exposed to the hamburger. Semantics interpretation is beyond internal wiring and connections or syntax.
Why might it seem better than the “Systems Reply”?
Another element of input to the system is introduced in the system reply which increases intelligence for the resources in the room which include the human brain. Referred by Searle as the most common reply, this phenomenon interprets the whole setting inside the computer room to incorporate the man in charge into the central processing unit. Despite the unawareness of the Chinese language and symbols, much more intelligent process occur in his head and move about yet not comprehend the Chinese word (Cole, 1).. Searle argues that the entire system includes the man and the machine to solve the problem using a wider input for content to solve symbols and syntaxes.
(c) Why does Searle reject the Robot Reply?
Robot reply is rejected by Searle since the capacity of the machine to respond to learning processes is dependent on extra processes that the computer cannot offer. These extra processing needs cannot be found in the computer made into a robot with virtually all sensory gadgets such as microphones which do not affect interpreting of Chinese words.
(d) Is the Robot Reply a good way of defending Strong AI?
To some extent the robot reply attempts to expound on AI but fails to demonstrate how new learning can be conducted independently by the computer. While the robot may exhibit a limited capacity for intellectual activities, it is still dependent on the human input for extra perception elements that machines cannot achieve. Despite the high quality information processing characteristics that intelligent machines have, the still fall short of certain aspects of a strong AI that natural intelligence exhibits (Cole, 1). 5. (a) Nagel’s argues that a bat’s perceptual experience has a “subjective character…” This is not an easy argument to understand. What is the argument and what, if anything, does it show?
Nagel’s argument explains that certain special types of perception are conditioned on the beholder. In several respects, the sonar phenomenon is a natural perception capacity that is highly expressed in the bat family and studies reveal that certain aspects of the perception can be conditioned in human beings. This inherent capacity for human beings to perceive refined detail in special cases such as in the blind can be extrapolated to imply that normal human perception has some level of unexploited perception characteristics which can become manifested upon some conditioning.
This argument shows that the high perception elements depicted in bats can be reached if the appropriate learning or conditioning is facilitated. If machines are capable of performing certain intelligence features, it remains obvious that humans who have higher capacity than machines can likewise learn that extra intelligence. This argument does not rule out existence of some superior intelligence in the universe depending on the type of environment that the dwellers are exposed to, provided natural conditioning enables such special perception adaptation.
Work Cited
Cole, David, “The Chinese Room Argument”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2009. Web. HYPERLINK “http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2009/entries/chinese-room/” http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2009/entries/chinese-room/ (accessed 27 July 2011)
Discuss whether it is possible to have economic growth without environmental damage.
Discuss whether it is possible to have economic growth without environmental damage.
Since the emergence of the concept of corporate social responsibility alongside a much recent concept of sustainable development, there has been a heated debate among scholars, investors, policymakers and other stakeholders on whether economic growth can be achieved without any environmental damage. While environmental degradation is a significant challenge when addressing matters economic growth, this paper holds that the compatibility between the competing goals of economic growth and environmental protection can be achieved through resource sharing and sustainable economic growth that limits environmental damage through social considerations.
Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, contenders in the debate of economic growth and environmental protection recognized the need for rapid economic growth that was necessary to sustain the ever-increasing global population. It was also clear that the needed economic growth could not be achieved without eliciting a damaging blow on the environment. As a matter of fact, (Beder 50) argues that there is no possibility of leaving out the question of the environment when considering economic growth as a factor in human development since its growth cannot be achieved without creating a dent to the environment in which all the economic growth takes place. Beder (55) however reiterates that economic growth cannot be done away with for the sake of the environment since the social imperatives behind such move would far outweigh the ethical implications that provide philosophical basis for protecting the environment.
Another argument that makes sense in the debate relates to pollution. And this comes in multi-perspective form. First, economic growth entails processes of resource use and waste generation. Dereliction on natural resources can wreck uncontrived damage to the physical environment by either changing the physical geography of the environment or introducing a strange climate to it. Secondly, the used resources create shortages of the very resources needed to deal with pollution. Theodore Panayotou, while bringing in the argument of pollution, argues that even though it might not be possible to completely eliminate environmental degradation when pursuing economic growth, the country in question must be evaluated on the basis of whether it is developed or developing because developed nations should be able to almost completely eliminate environmental damage and still achieve economic growth (Wilderer 45).
Even though Jackson (4, 5) offers an argument that is in line with the one above, he changes the direction of the argument by positing that it is possible for economic growth to be achieved in the developed nations without incurring environment damage by toning down the pursuit for relentless growth in the developed world and focusing efforts on sharing resources with the developing world where sustainable economic development is still a formidable challenge. Jackson (14) further argues that if this model of developed world sharing resources with the developing world is adopted, then it is possible to achieve economic growth with no or little damage to the environment; albeit the economic growth is likely to be slower.
Assessing from the above analysis, it is evident that environmental damage is a sure challenge when considering economic growth. Nevertheless, the relentlessness in the dereliction of the environment mainly sprouts from the inequality in economic development as observed from the range between developed and developing economies. When each country is taken on its own, it is impossible to achieve economic growth without damaging the environment though it possible to balance the two via sustainable economic development. However, when the equation is looked at on a broader perspective of a global perspective, then it becomes possible to reduce the damage to lower levels through resource sharing.
Works cited
Beder, Sharon. “Economy and environment: competitors or partners?.” Pacific Ecologist, 3. Spring (2002): 50-56. Web.http://www.uow.edu.au/~sharonb/pacific2.html.
Jackson, Timothy. Prosperity without growth: economics for a finite planet. Paperback ed. London [u.a.]: Earthscan, 2011. Print.
Wilderer, Martin Z.. “Economic growth and the environment.” Economic growth, environment, and development: the significance of the eco-industrial park concept in India and Indonesia. New Delhi: Manak Publications, 2003. 45-60. Print.