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Harlem by Langston Hughes
Running head: English Literature (Classic and Modern)
English Literature (Classic and Modern)
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“Harlem” by Langston Hughes
The poem talks about dreams that have been put on hold or deferred. The poet wonders what happens to such dreams that have been postponed. In this context, dreams are goals in a person’s life and not to be taken as the literal dream a person gets when they go to sleep. So he asks what happens to goals that have not been achieved. The questions are rhetorical as they seem to answer themselves.
The theme seems to be the destruction of a person who has to keep on postponing their dreams so as to actualize them later or not at all. These negative effects are shown with the use of similes.
The first simile “like a raisin in the sun” gives us a visual context. A raisin is usually rounded, juicy and fresh having beneficial nutritional value. However, if exposed to the sun and it dries up it is no longer edible or sweet. It becomes hard, and its value is sucked out. This is what happens if dreams are not realized.
“Or fester like a sore- and then run.” Sores are found on the body and if left unattended may be infected and begin to become purulent, run and leave a scar. A dream that is unfulfilled may form visible scars on a person that may be with them for the rest of their lives. In this context, scars are used to depict past experiences.
The next simile is “stink like rotten meat.” Meat has a period in which it is viable before it becomes rancid and gives off a foul odor. Therefore, dreams that are not realized within a given period may start to decay since it is already dead. This results to horrible odors that may be offensive to the individual himself. He may even begin loathing himself for not taking his opportunities when they were fresh.
“Or crust and sugar over – like a syrupy sweet?” In this particular simile, dreams are compared to honey or syrup which if left unused for some time, it forms a hard, crusty layer on top and the contents in the bottle can no longer be used. In this same way, thoughts or dreams that sit idle in the mind become hardened and are of no use. This may come about due to despair, anger, self-hatred and doubt which may make a person second guess their every decision.
The last simile is not in question form but a suggestion. “Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.” If one tries walking while carrying a heavy load, she or he realizes that they become slow and clumsy. A dream that has not been realized becomes heavy, weighing down on the mind making it sag with thoughts of ‘what if,’ ‘I wish I had done things differently,’ or ‘had I known I would have.’ These thoughts dwell on the past and on a mind that deferred a dream it may be a weight they cannot bear. This may lead to depression, and in some instances, thoughts of a life wasted may result in suicide attempts.
The Iraq War and Its Effect on Soldiers
According to The Merriam-Webster dictionary, war is described as a state of usually open and declared armed, hostile conflict between states or nations. The Iraq war started even before 2003 when the American government decided to invade Iraq. According to Carlisle (2007), the war actually started after the Gulf war when Iraq did not live up to the surrender agreement. He goes on to say that, in 1991, the Hussein government tried to hide chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. As much as the Iraqi government seemed to cooperate, they did not allow they prevented the inspection team from actually seeing or finding its weapon program.
It is this particular reason that Tunc (2005) suggests that the key policy-makers in the Bush administration concluded that by toppling Saddam Hussein and his regime would eliminate radical Islamic terrorism. The war was fought on military, psychological and ideological fronts. The military’s rationale was to eliminate Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and deprive the Al Qaeda their main source of the weapons. Demonstrating American power and discrediting the common belief in the Middle East about US weakness was the psychological rationale. Iraq war was seen as a major step towards political and cultural transformation of the Middle East based on the ideological rationale (Tunc, 2005). He goes on to say that the American government viewed Baghdad as a democratic regime. It would also serve as a model of liberation and freedom for Iran and other Arab countries.
For whatever the reasons are to go to war, it does have some effects on those who participate in it. The effect to those fighting in the war may include a dependency of drugs and emotional problems, including explosive anger, excessive vigilance and a complete distrust of others. These are signs of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) which may culminate in suicide in some cases. In some instances, soldiers exhibit high levels of stress, a condition known as battle fatigue.
Soldiers have been known to be startled by noises. In their minds, loud noises take them back to the battlefield, where they think it could be a bomb, or a sniper shooting at them. Returning soldiers may also find it difficult to find jobs that suit them as their abilities are limited. It gets more frustrating when the government that sends one to war does not assist in looking for employment.
In some instances, soldiers suffer from nightmares. Depression is also evident in some soldiers. Depression can be categorized it into three. Sadness depression that results from the losses one experienced in the field, for example, loss of fellow soldiers. This may also come about when soldiers loose a limb due to amputation or as a result of land mines. Anger depression comes about when the soldiers are angry at themselves. Helplessness depression comes about when we feel that we are stuck, and there is no immediate remedy for the situation.
“The Hairy Ape” by Eugene O’Neill
Yank seems quite content with his life working in the stokehole. He claims it to be a man’s job and those who cannot handle it do not belong. Yank takes pride in the stokehole claiming that “dis is home”. He believes he is part of a machine, and he helps it to make the world move. “I’m de end! I’m de start! I start somep’n and de woild moves!” He also believes he is better than the people in the first cabin claiming that they are only baggage.
Yank’s childhood was painful and was filled with constant fighting between his parents. “On Saturday nights when they both got a skinful day could put up a bout oughter been staged at de Garden.” He tells Long that it was so intense that they broke all the furniture and still sent him to church on Sunday. Sometimes both of them would beat him for no apparent reason, and it is from here that he learnt to take punishment. He left home after his mother died from the tremens and received help at “truckin’ and in de market” before being shipped to the stokehole.
Yank works as a coal stoker, a “stoker of de liners.” He is in the lower class of society. This particular class is what determines his culture, financial resources, education and his whole outlook on life.
His lack of education makes it so that he cannot think. He seems to have only primitive instincts like those of an ape that he often calls himself. The chopped and mangled words that characterize his speech make it hard for him to be accepted in any class in the society. When handed the newspaper, while in prison, he admits that he cannot read much. This is why Yank depends on his brute strength. It is his lack of knowledge that ultimately makes it difficult for him to adapt beyond the ship.
When he encounters Mildred, it is the first time he becomes aware of the social gap between the two. “She was all white. I thought she was a ghost. Sure.” This is brought about by her reaction when she saw him and screamed, “Take me away! Oh the filthy beast!” before she faints. It is after this incident that Yank wants to prove to Mildred that he is better than her: that he belongs and she does not. Mildred and her class are a new threat that Yank seems unable to fight with his strength alone. He even begins to think, something that was once a joke to him. “Yes, tink! Tink dat’s what I said! What about it?” However, since force is all he knows, he even contemplates blowing up the Steel Trust just to get even with Mildred. “And I’ll write her a letter and tell her de hairy ape done it. Dat’ll square tings.”
Yank defines belonging as power. In his pursuit for belonging, he is rejected by his fellow firemen, Mildred, the passer-bys on Fifth Avenue, the prisoners at Blackwells Island, the Industrial Workers of the World and finally the gorilla at the zoo. Yank is an outsider, and it is only in death, or when he is locked up in a cage for people to see, that he finally finds where he belongs.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
Dr. Jekyll is friendly, sociable and kind in nature, being described as “the very pink of proprieties” by Mr. Enfield. He has the best interests of man at heart and through science wants to alleviate their sorrow and suffering. He is extremely protective of his appearance in public and fond of the respect of the wise and virtuous among his fellow countrymen. He is a hardworking man and says he was inclined to industry by nature.
Mr. Hyde, on the other hand, is cruel, reckless and indifferent to people’s opinions. Enfield describes him as having “something displeasing, something downright detestable.” This is because Hyde was pure evil and was not commingled out of good and evil like most humans. He is rash and ruthless depicted in his trampling over a girl and the killing of Carew with a cane without prior provocation. It is mentioned that the only thing the two personalities shared was memory, with Hyde being indifferent to the presence of Jekyll.
The difference is not only in their mental and social attributes, but also in their physical attributes. Dr. Jekyll describes himself as having been “endowed with excellent parts. . .” He is also said to be a large, well-made, smooth faced man of fifty. Mr. Hyde is described by Mr. Utterson as being “pale and dwarfish” and giving “an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation.” In his confession, Dr. Jekyll describes this less robust, less developed body, a product of evil that left an imprint of deformity and decay. He mentions the body as being ugly. When Dr. Jekyll turns to Mr. Hyde, he is able to indulge the evil side of his nature. Dr. Jekyll claims that when Hyde is awake, he is “virtue slumbered” meaning that he is not aware of what Mr. Hyde is doing. “Jekyll was no worse; he woke again to his good qualities seemingly unimpaired; …thus his conscience slumbered.” This particular fact scares him. He is also scared by the fact that later, he can no longer control Mr. Hyde with transformations taking place on their own. “Yes, I had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde.” What frightens him the most is the fact that he will soon lose the power of voluntary change and that the character of Hyde would be his forever.
He is attracted to Mr. Hyde because this new being is younger, lighter, and happier in body. It is here that he finds the solution to the bonds of obligation society had upon him, and he also gets an “unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul.” He knows that this new transformation is “tenfold more wicked” but the idea at the time “braced and delighted me like wine.” He is given an outlet for his shameful desires without having to worry about the consequences. “I was conscious of no repugnance, rather of a leap of welcome.” He sees Hyde as being perfect as compared to Jekyll who he refers to as being “imperfect and divided.” In his eyes, Hyde seemed livelier and was more expressed and single.
Conclusion
When it comes to fiction and drama, I would say that I rather much prefer watching them than having to read them. The reason being in the play ‘The Hairy Ape’, the language used by Yank is quite difficult to read, but it would be different if one heard it from actors. Each scene has a particular setting and being able to see these settings helps in the understanding of the play. The same would be said of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Seeing Mr. Hyde’s physical stature and general character goes a long way in the appreciation of such works.
References
Carlisle, R.P. (2007). Iraq War (J.S. Bowman, Ed.). New York: Infobase Publishing.
Tunc, Hakan. (2005). What Was It All About After All? The Causes of the Iraq War. Retrieved on 17th October 2011 from >http://www.contemporarysecuritypolicy.org/assets/CSP-26-2-Tunc.pdf<
HARDWIRING A CULTURE OF QUALITY CARE
Hardwiring a Culture of Quality Care
Tiara Nicholas
Champlain College
17th November, 2018
Introduction
Leadership often entails spearheading changes and overseeing processes that often lead to quality goods and services, often steering growth in any organization. It involves coming up with strategies that will help to improve how things are done and often make the final consumer of the goods and services being provided happy (Ahrq.gov, 2018). As the head of the organization, I consider providing quality medical services a priority. To ensure that this happens, my organization will have to embrace a culture that puts quality on the front. As the CEO, I will use my leadership skills to hardwire this culture and ensure it becomes part of what we do on a daily basis.
Hardwiring a Culture of Quality Care
I will ensure that the organization aligns from top to bottom which implies that as the CEO, together with other managers and leaders and the top, we shall make plans and decisions, then follow up by communicating these decisions to the employees at the bottom. We shall then follow up to confirm if what we communicated has been done according to the plan. When employees at the bottom make plans to achieve an objective in a certain way, they must first seek approval from the leadership at the top. This kind of arrangement ensures that the CEO and top managers always give a nod to everything that has to be done. In addition, the framework reduces chances of mistakes happening because everything will have to be discussed first at the top before being implemented.
As the CEO, I will ensure that there is clear communication and explanations on why things must be done in a certain way. When decisions are made at the top, I will make it a culture to communicate these decisions to employees charged with the responsibility of implementing these decisions. The importance of explaining “WHY” is to make those implementing to own the process that they are undertaking and to understand the objectives. Employees need to understand that the plans are not dictated upon them by the administrators but decided upon so as to improve on quality in the organization.
As the CEO, I will spearhead rigorous and continuous training of leaders to ensure that they remain upbeat and up to date with emerging trends and technologies in the market. I will also ensure that the top leadership passes on this training to staff. Conducting trainings at least once per month will prove instrumental in passing of crucial skills required in ensuring that quality remains a top priority. All staff have some weaknesses in their areas of expertise. Training will enable employees to sharpen their skills in all their areas of weakness so that they can then translate the newly acquired skills to ensuring top quality services in the organization.
I will inculcate a culture of people practicing specific behaviors previously proven to get results. As the CEO and through experience, I know certain tested and tried methods that have over the years been known to achieve quality results in provision of quality healthcare services. Through my interaction with other CEOs and top managers in the health care industry, I am still learning new methods and tactics that can be employed to achieve great results. I will ensure that it becomes a culture to practice specific behaviors to achieve enormous results in the organization.
In order to hardwire a culture where quality care is top priority, I will hold people accountable for their performance. Accountability is the assurance that consistent evaluations will be done on the performance or behavior of employees on the roles that they play in the organization (Gunderman, 2009). I will conduct consistent performance reviews in the organization to know the best performing employees and also know those with various weaknesses. Accountability reduces the time that people spend on distracting and unproductive behavior. It will enable staff to concentrate on efforts that ensure provision top health care. Accountability also promotes ownership in organizations. Making people accountable in organizations teaches them to place value on their work at all times. If also done properly, accountability will inspire confidence because it helps to improve on employee’s concentration and skills.
I will also promote the idea of standardization of processes in the organization. Standardization means describing how people in an organization should complete a task or sequence of tasks (Gunderman, 2009). Once the process of doing something has been established, all employees should then follow this path in ensuring delivery of quality health care services. Standardization in the reorganization I lead will help to improve clarity. This is because cases of guess work will be completely eliminated by having a clear way of how things are supposed to be done. It will also improve quality and promote productivity because it reduces time wasted by staff combing around seeking answers to how a task is supposed to be done. It also boosts employee morale when employees perfect the art of performing a certain task.
Consistent innovation in the organization will be part of my agenda as the CEO. Innovation is the creativity and finding new methods of doing things in an organization (John, 2018). It will help to reduce cases of rigidity and get rid of old and outdated ways of doing things. Innovation will help my organization to embrace technology as an easy way of doing things globally today. It will also help the organization to achieve on speed and quality, which are top of my agenda as the CEO.
As the CEO, looking at the best practices in the industry will help me make informed decisions at all times. For example, using health practitioners and care givers to provide educative information to patients will help patients a great deal. It helps to improve on a patient’s health and help in creating a unique patient experience. In this online age, it is important to ensure that information reaching my patients is authentic. It helps patients to avoid ingesting information from disparate sources throughout the healthcare ecosystem.
As we embark on looking at best practices however, there has been a recent proposal by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) that seeks to pay less to physicians for some medicare patients’ complex office visits (John, 2018) Such a proposal needs to be thrown away because it may hurt physicians in specialties that treat the sickest patients and those who provide comprehensive care to patients. In my opinion, this may ultimately jeopardize patient’s access to care.
Teaching our doctors and patients the benefits of eating healthy will in a great way improve people’s health throughout the country. It might not be possible to agree on the best eating habits but some universal agreements such as eating whole foods, more vegetables and less sugar will help patients who visit us to live healthier and happier lives.
Conclusion
This paper has provided a breakdown of my plan as the CEO in ensuring quality care is top priority in the organization. The breakdown has provided my strategies on how I will ensure patients are happy and yet keep my staff highly motivated and with high level skills to take our organization to the next level. The paper has also highlighted the idea of providing educative information to our patients as a way of improving their health and giving them a unique patient experience. It also proposes a change in the proposal by CMS on paying less to physicians for some complex office visits and proposes teaching people on healthy eating as a way to lead healthier and happier lives.
References
Ahrq.gov. (2018). Understanding Quality Measurement | Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality. [online] Available at: https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/quality-resources/tools/chtoolbx/understand/index.html [Accessed 15 Nov. 2018].
Gunderman, R. (2009). Leadership in healthcare. London: Springer.
HealthCare.gov. (2018). Get 2019 health coverage. Health Insurance Marketplace. [online] Available at: https://www.healthcare.gov/ [Accessed 15 Nov. 2018].
Improving Value in Health Care. (2011). Washington: Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development.
John Santilli, F. (2018). Top 10 Healthcare Market Trends in 2017. [online] PubMed Central (PMC). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394543/ [Accessed 15 Nov. 2018].
Amazon’s The Past, Present and Future Information Systems A Critique of Literature Review
Amazon’s The Past, Present and Future Information Systems: A Critique of Literature Review
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Amazon is a significant player in the international e-commerce industry, offering products such as: consumer electronics, online retail, digital content, computing services including other added services such as local groceries. Amazon has built great brand recognition and over the last few decades, the company’s customer base has grown immensely. The brand’s story began in 1995 when it was founded by Jeff Bezos. Through its website www.amazon.com, the company serves customer types such as: content creators, product consumers, enterprises, and other sellers. Beyond computers, the company has established presence in the mobile phone industry across all internet enabled platforms. Since its establishment, Amazon has placed commitment into focusing on delivering a virtual commerce system for its customers. Amazon ranks as the leading e-commerce in the US market, and among the leading in the global market; the huge success has mainly been due to its integration of most superior management information systems. This research will attempt to break-down and analyze on Amazon’s past, present, and future applications of various information systems.
Amazon and Information Systems
In the 21st century, almost all companies across all industries rely heavily on management systems to achieve efficiency in organizational management, and to enhance achievement of organizational goals. According to Carrer et al. (2017), Management information systems make use of both information and communication technologies to provide managers with ability to do their jobs more effectively in terms of decision-making process and development of competitive strategies. More than ever before, companies have to become globally competitive or lose out; the drivers of competition in today include collaboration, globalization and integration. Amazon is one of the few companies to take advantage of the benefits of implementing management information systems. Amazon aims to be the most customer-centric brand in the global market; according to Sadq et al. (2018), Amazon’s operations work based on four crucial principles encouraged by the founder: obsession on customer needs over keeping an eye on the competitor; passion for creativity and innovation; focus on operational excellence; and orientation more on the future than short-term thinking. Amazon uses both online retail through its website, and also runs brick-and-mortar stores across various physical locations – in both ways, Amazon prioritizes on selection, price, as well as convenience.
Analysis of Amazon Information Systems
As stated, leveraging of superior information systems has been Amazon’s greatest success factor for decades. According to (Dalah and Hajjiab, 2018), through integration of various information systems into the business process, Amazon has been able to decentralize the decision-making process which established efficiency in terms of management of key business processes. Dalah and Hajjiab (2018) further asserts that Amazon runs its operations through a two-piece information management system which consists of Simple Storage Services which is linked to its integrated database, as well as its Amazon Web Service (AWS) which offers customers access to its e-commerce platform. The AWS service allows customers to create accounts and customize their profile to suit transaction processing. According to (Katimi et al., 2007), the AWS services consist of various Management information systems that all serve to enable smooth interoperability between Amazon.com and any internet enabled device to ensure fluent engagement between buyers, sellers and Amazon support department. To serve the millions of its customers with also millions of products, Amazon leverages management information systems such as transaction processing, supply chain, decision support, and executive support management systems.
Transaction Processing System
A transaction processing system comprises of attributes such as collection, manipulation, and retrieval of data during transactions. According to Altındağ and Ongel (2021), at the very least, a transaction processing system must offer reliability and consistency, to assure effective completion of transactions. One of the advantages of integrating a transaction processing system is that it allows processing of huge amounts of data (Katimi et al., 2007). A transaction processing system also enhances hardware management as well as security; more than that, given the increased data-size capabilities and enhanced security, the information system also enables a company to gain access to more markets. Amazon uses a transaction processing system that provides it ability to securely and successfully process transactions between buyers and sellers. According to Ramaswamy and Ozcan (2019), Amazon’s transaction processing system is considered fast and highly reliable due to characteristics such as: 1-click purchase, high security encryption, and credit card payment.
Amazon delivers 1-click ordering combined with personalized shopping feature; customers initially prepare their details by filling an order form that is secured in Amazon for future use during order placing. Amazon ensures that the registered details, along with other information collected from credit or debit cards, is securely encrypted to maintain safety during transactions over the internet. More than that, Katimi (2007) asserts that Amazon designed an intelligent system that recommends products based on consumer’s past interests as well as search data. This system is able to collect and store data on consumers day-to-day purchasing habits. For instance, if a customer constantly places an order for a horror genre novel, the system will include suggestions for other related books. The concept behind Amazon’s system is based on two principles: data mining and linking. From the point a client types in Amazon’s search bar, the system analyses and tracks back the information to provide the best suggestion (Katimi et al., 2007). Customers appeal more to the brand since this feature offers great interaction possibilities, boosting their experience as well as satisfaction levels.
Amazon’s Critical Management
Critical management is an important element in today’s management structure. It is a constructive and positive way to bring a better understanding of improved processes ( ). At its core, critical management emerged as an important movement that essentially questions the relevance and authority of mainstream practice and thinking. At Amazon, critical management has helped to bypass the mainstream management practices, including traditional management practices and styles to incorporate new ideas that focus on power and authority. As such, the CEO has introduced a link between social practices and other arrangements that relate to institutions. The idea is to challenge the prevailing systems of hierarchy and domination to promote development of alternatives ( ). With its skepticism of traditional theories, critical management will help to introduce the next generation of management practices and leadership styles. Amazon is ready for this step, welcoming new ideas on how to best manage employees, be inclusive, work with diversity, and maintain competitiveness.
Supply Chain Management Systems
Amazon also includes a supply chain management system to enhance its e-commerce platform. According to Giannakis et al., (2019), a supply chain management system allows companies to efficiently handle the flow of goods, resources, and data concerned with any of the services or products sold, transforming goods from raw materials through procurement and to the final delivery. Giannakis et al., (2019) further asserts that a supply chain management system comprises of network of organizations that facilitate movement of the product from raw material to a ready product for the consumer. While there are many types of supply chain management systems, they all provide benefits such as: purchasing, planning, creation of a service or product, order creation, tracking order features, and tools to manage orders (Giannakis et al., 2019). Giannakis et al., (2019) also adds that unlike traditional tools, the supply chain management system provides an all-round access to all stakeholders across the supply chain. These stakeholders include: manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, distributors, logistics, and retailers.
According to Leblanc (2020), Amazon invested heavily in an automated supply chain management system as well as an automated ware house. All the data collected in the AWS is then linked to the enterprise resource management system which utilizes the Oracle database management system; according to Choi et al., (2004), the Oracle database systems allow companies to do automation of orders with the highest level of accuracy, in both scheduling of orders as well as tracking of orders. According to (Imran, 2021) the enterprise resource management system used by Amazon enabled the company to cut down 50 percent of its customer support request since 2000 due to improved accuracy. Beyond this system, Amazon also includes a customer relation management software. According to Imran (2021), the customer relation management software enables Amazon to increase customer loyalty through improved customer satisfaction. The customer relationship management system is responsible for gathering customer data and personal information related to credit cards and previous purchase records in a database.
Impact of Amazon’s Information Systems
Improved Business Process
The success of Amazon’s information systems can be directly related to their ability to create efficiency in terms of delivering key business processes, which include but not limited to: order placing, processing of transactions, delivery of orders, as well as management of customers (Davis, 2021). Through the information management systems Amazon is able to produce intelligent analytics that provides clear view of the market environment; more than that, it ensures Amazon is able to deliver more product units at a time. All this is made possible because the information systems allow decentralization decision making so that processes become more transparent. Also, the systems smoothen the flow of various business processes; and given the streamlined motion in terms of transaction flow, customer requests can easily be managed to offer them with real-time solutions.
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty
For decades, Amazon has used information systems to achieve competitive advantage over other brands; despite the growing competition in the industry, Amazon continues to utilize information systems to defend as well as grow its market share through enhanced business process. Through automation capabilities present in the various information systems integrated by amazon, amazon is able to offer customers with a great shopping experience – by including features like suggestions for most preferred product based on customer profile. According to Davis (2021), Amazon’s information systems offer customers value in various ways such as: customer care – through improved support services, customers can easily receive feedback for queries and concerns. The fact that customers get immediate response makes them attracted more to the service and increase their return rate; endless inventory – as Amazon grew, it moved beyond selling books and committed to highly diversifying its product inventory to maximize its reliability (Davis, 2021); pricing strategy – through the information systems, Amazon is able to segment customers to offer high, medium as well as low pricing strategies.
Decentralization in the company’s Decision-Making Process
For a company with a huge customer base such as Amazon, it is highly crucial that decision making processes be decentralized to save on managerial economies. According to (Davis, 2021), top managers at Amazon rely on speedy access to a wide range of information such as: inventory, marketing, employees and company performance; this information enables quick and informed decision making – informed decisions are gained by assessment of company strengths, weakness, strengths, as well as opportunities. According to Davis (2021), a decision support system allows Amazon to critically evaluate data by including advanced decision aid. Through decentralization, Amazon gains also from the benefits of an integrated decision support system
Conclusion
Amazon is a key player in the international e-commerce market. The company operates with both an online format as well as a brick-and-mortar fashion. With a global footing in most countries, Amazon links many buyers and sellers as well as offers services to various enterprises. More than that, the company handles an enormous amount of data at a time given its huge customer base. Management information systems implemented by Amazon allow the company to sort out the data develop different functionalities such as product recommendations and search suggestions. Amazon’s market environment is characterized by increased competition and trends such as adoption of management information systems. Amazon integrates various management information systems to achieve both competitive advantage and also achieve its founder’s organizational goal to become the world’s most customer-centric organization. The various information systems used by Amazon include: transaction processing management systems, supply chain management systems – which include enterprise management systems, customer relations management systems, and Decision support systems. These systems work to enhance Amazon’s success in the ecommerce industry in ways such as improved business processes, increased customer loyalty and satisfaction, as well as the benefits tagged to decentralization of decision-making processes.
References
Altındağ, Ö., & Öngel, V. (2021). Information Management, Organizational Intelligence, and Innovation Performance Triangle: Empirical Research on Turkish It Firms. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211052550Carrer, M. J., de Souza Filho, H. M., & Batalha, M. O. (2017). Factors influencing the adoption of Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) by Brazilian citrus farmers. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 138, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.04.004.
Daher, Z., & Hajjdiab, H. (2018). Cloud storage comparative analysis Amazon simple storage vs. microsoft azure blob storage. International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, 8(1). http://www.ijmlc.org/vol8/668-LC0040.pdfDavis, B. (2021). What information systems does Amazon use?. MVorganizing.org. Retrieved 30 October 2021, from https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-information-systems-does-amazon-use/#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20common%20types,systems%2C%20and%20executive%20support%20systems.
Giannakis, M., Spanaki, K., & Dubey, R. (2019). A cloud-based supply chain management system: effects on supply chain responsiveness. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JEIM-05-2018-0106/full/htmlImran, A. (2021). A study on amazon: information systems, business strategies and e-crm. Research Gate. Retrieved 30 October 2021, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1366.8247.
Karimi, J., Somers, T. M., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2007). The role of information systems resources in ERP capability building and business process outcomes. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(2), 221-260. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240209Ramaswamy, V., & Ozcan, K. (2019). Digitalized interactive platforms: turning goods and services into retail co-creation experiences. NIM Marketing Intelligence Review, 11(1), 18-23. https://www.nim.org/sites/default/files/medien/2327/dokumente/ramaswamy_ozcan_vol_11_no_1_eng.pdfSadq, Z. M., Sabir, H. N., & Saeed, V. S. H. (2018). Analyzing the Amazon success strategies. Journal of process management. New Technologies, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.5937/jouproman6-19264