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Digital Photography
Digital Photography
Student’s Name
Institution
I. Depth of Field
When the settings of the camera have been changed to make things in front of and behind the model out of focus
settings,
Aperture, focal length, and the distance from the subject.
large 2.8 (small)
Clear blurred.
huge
clearblurred
focal length affect
closer
focus blur
II. Choosing the Right Lens
Distortion compression.
wide
The distance between the lens wide angle lens and the lens is about the size of a human palm.
distortion
narrow
The lamp is just over six feet away from the telephoto lens
Distortion.
Distortion compression.
Wide angle lenses are not good for portraits
wide angle telephoto wide-medium telephoto telephoto
III. Lens Choice for Portraits
1. Close
2.Big small
3. Away reduce
4. Can see.
5. Wide
6. Narrow
7. Move.
8. a. The Manner in which they capture the subjects projects no distortion.
b. It has a narrow angle of view which increases focus on the subjects compared to the backgrounds.
c. They are zoom lenses and hence the capacity of composing varied shots.
d. They also allow for comfort of subjects.
9. Exaggerate
10. The portrait that has been acutely captured is of a man in a hat. The wide angle lens has been used to project features that not only make the photo look hilarious, but add a sense of magnificence and grace into the portrait.
Hamlet Something is Rotten (3)
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Hamlet: Something is Rotten
Hamlet is among the most read plays by Shakespeare that looks into revenge and how the characters in the play go through grief but are also able to stay loyal. Two main characters in the play are Hamlet and Laertes. From these amazing masterpieces of literature, we see Shakespeare bringing upon calamity after calamity to the protagonist Hamlet. It is interesting to note that Shakespeare can employ various figurative languages, actions as well as dialogues in bringing out the various theme as well as building characters of both the protagonists, antagonists and minor characters in the play. From the play, Shakespeare brings out the theme of physical as well as psychological decay and corruption that had engulfed Denmark. In Act 1 Scene 4, Marcellus states that “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark” (Shakespeare1.4 87-91). In this essay, we analyze the meaning of this statement and the ideas and themes surrounding the quote.
“Something is rotten in Denmark” is a quote that seems to foreshadow the main theme revolving in the play which is that of corruption and decay. Marcellus who utters these words is just a mere guard but he understands that everything in Denmark is not okay. The theme of corruption and decay is an issue Shakespeare tackled during his period as the play Othello and Macbeth also have the theme of decay. The quote can be interpreted to mean that Marcellus thought that the politics in Denmark was not right thus the use of the term rotten. It also indicates the various moral decay that existed in Denmark including incest, revenge, and betrayal. In the play, the ruling class constitutes of leaders who were rotten to the core. A good example of a leader who lacked morals was Claudius who had to murder his brother before taking over his kingdom. His level of greediness and thirst for power could not allow him to see his brother who was the legitimate ruler ruling the kingdom and thus he had to dethrone him. This is an act of corruption as the ghost says “the fat weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf” (Shakespeare, 1.5 33-34). The statement compared Claudius to a weed and the ghost points out that Claudius is going to destroy Denmark (Ajo, pg. 37-106).
Claudius is not only a murderer but also a manipulator as well as a hypocrite. Laertes wants revenge for the death of his father and goes to Claudius for help. Claudius uses this opportunity to direct all his hidden motives towards Hamlet. He builds rage and spite in Laertes towards Hamlet. At the end of the act, however, when Laertes confronts Hamlet, Claudius exclaims “How much I had to do to calm his rage!” (Shakespeare,4.7 210) This statement clearly shows his hypocrisy as he had done the opposite. Claudius is involved in many schemes such as sending Hamlet to England where he was to be executed and later trying to poison him. For a leader of his caliber, it is sad that he gets to engage in such foolery. It is such action from the King that eventually leads to the conquering of Denmark by Fortinbras as they wanted to attack Poland.
Shakespeare also uses a play within a play to booth forecast the rot as well as moral decay in Denmark in Act III the “play-within-a-play,” the plot is almost identical to the actions in the kingdom of Denmark, that is, to the murder of Old Hamlet. The play begins with the king and his wife having a conversation and the queen swears to never marry another man if anything ever happens to the king. This conversation and affection between the king and queen render Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, very nervous and guilty. The actions in this “play-within-a-play” are ironical since the king is seen being murdered in an exact manner that Old Hamlet was killed by Claudius- by pouring poison in his ear. After seeing this scene, King Claudius is stunned, and cannot stand to watch the play. He asks for the lights and the play is halted. His actions to halt the play are an indication he is aware of his acts that’s why he wants it halted. Corruption seems unchecked in Denmark and keeps so reading this destroying the social order (Magnus, pg. 180-200).
Polinus who is a character in the play has also been used by Shakespeare to portray the rot in Denmark. Polinus is a corrupt leader who was once a senior counselor to royalty. He sets up schemes and gets spies to look into his son. He eventually contributes to the plotting as well as the final execution of Hamlet. Shakespeare uses the stench of his body to show the fall of one corrupt leader whose death was retribution of his actions. Polinus is abusive towards Ophelia and seems to want to control and dominate her life decisions. His character shows the rot on Denmark in terms of how they treated women and the position that the women held in society. Women seem to be treated as a second had citizens as the society is largely patriarchal.
Incest a theme that is portrayed in the play. Claudius who is Hamlet’s uncle marries Hamlet’s mother Gertrude. Family members are not allowed to marry each other and the fact that a queen marries the brother to his former husband shows the depth of moral decay in Denmark (Sharmin, pg. 25-32). In Act 3 scene 4 hamlet tells his mother that she was living “In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, / Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love / Over the nasty sty.” (Shakespeare, 3.4 100-104) Her mother’s action leads to Hamlet’s faith in women being destroyed and we can see him becoming ambivalent towards Ophelia. Throughout the play, Gertrude does not seem to have remorse, only in act III does she portray guilt as she tries to pray but she is still not able to put her heart into it. Incest is an act that is morally wrong in society and for a king and queen to engage in it, then this shows the rot in Denmark.
The minor characters in the play too are used to portray the moral decay in Denmark. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern allow the crown to blindly manipulate them. They do not understand the meaning of loyalty and friendship. During their first interaction with Hamlet, the moment is seen to be both unanticipated but yet hopeful. Hamlet, however, is not quick to trust and suspect that the two may have a hidden reason as to why they may have visited and later discovers they only visited him under orders. Hamlet is disappointed but still grateful. Hamlet refers to their call as a “visitation” to infer that he is treated as a prisoner. In the second interaction, Hamlet confronts Guildenstern and states, “Oh, the recorders. Let me see one. To withdraw with you, why do you go about to recover the wind of me, as if you would drive me into a toil?” (3.2. 329-331). This time around, Hamlet does not hesitate to let them know that they are genuine in their visits.
Hamlet who is the king is filled with anger and with the desire to avenge the fact that his uncle Claudius married his mother. It is this anger that drives him to want to kill Claudius. This anger and need for revenge lead him to mistakenly killing Polonius who was hiding behind arras. It is this mistake that results in his death as Laertes seeks to revenge the death of his father. it results in Ophelia becoming crazy and is the tipping point for Claudius. Although Hamlet wants to kill Claudius with all his heart when he gets the chance. he refuses to take it citing that he could not do it since Claudius was praying. Hamlet believes that you should not commit a crime to someone when this person is performing a good deed. I agree with him and regard this as a genuine excuse because Hamlet does not only want Claudius to suffer on earth but also in the afterlife (Foakes, pg. 85-99). He hesitates from killing Claudius since if he did, then Claudius would go to heaven since he would be murdered praying, but he desires for Claudius to suffer eternally, in hell. The presence of a ghost in the text shows also something is not right in Denmark (Watson, pg. 199-233). The ghost seems to also be hell-bent in ensuring Hamlet gets revenge. Although he knows Claudius is wrong his push for revenge leads hamlet into having erratic behaviors that contribute to his calamities.
Aside from the characters and themes in the story, the play incorporates diseases of blood, ulcers, pleurisy, and pustules to paint an image that everything was not okay in Denmark. The plants too are affected as the land is covered by weed and there are plant diseases including mildew blight and canker. An image of a country where all these is present is an indication all is not well and the leaders may be neglecting their people (Altick, pg. 167-176). In the play, Hamlet states that the air that he breathes is “foul and pestilent congregation of vapors,” (Shakespeare, 2.2 (297-298). The statement creates disgust for this place as well as the situation. Imagery of decay has been heavily employed to change the various atmosphere of the text and give a vivid idea of how Denmark had become a faked nation due to administration by corrupt leaders (Grønbæk, pg. 201-213). Diseases have often been linked to death and in the same way, Denmark is a society destined for doomed.
In conclusion, everything was not okay in Denmark. The leaders including the King himself Claudius are corrupt to the core. Shakespeare can build the characters and the plot showing how corrupt they are and their level of moral decay. The imagery of decay has been heavily employed to change the various atmosphere of the text and give a vivid idea of how Denmark had become a failed nation due to administration by corrupt leaders. Shakespeare’s literary skills to be able to weave the motif to a play is an indication of how genius he was in creating masterpiece writings and playwrights.
Works Cited
Ajo García, Rubén. “An Analysis of King Claudius in Two Contemporary Performances of Hamlet.” (2018).
Altick, Richard D. “Hamlet and the Odor of Mortality.” Shakespeare Quarterly 5.2 (1954): 167-176.
Grønbæk, Justine. “Servile power: When something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” Power and Education 1.2 (2009): 201-213.
Foakes, Reginald A. “Hamlet’s Neglect for Revenge.” Hamlet: New Critical Essays (2013): 85-99.
Magnus, Laury. “Tragic Closure in Hamlet.” (2001): 180-200.
Shakespeare, William. Tragedy of Hamlet, prince of Denmark. SR Winchell & Company, 1885.
Sharmin, Sonia. “The Tragedy of Sexuality in Hamlet.” Annals of Language and Literature 2.3 (2018): 25-32.
Watson, Robert N. “Giving up the Ghost in a World of Decay:” Hamlet”, Revenge, and Denial.” Renaissance Drama 21 (1990): 199-223.
Digital PR and Media Relation Report for Allianz
Digital PR & Media Relation: Report for Allianz
Institution:
Name:
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564354” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc387564354 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564355” Overview of Media Platforms PAGEREF _Toc387564355 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564356” Engaging and Managing Online Communities PAGEREF _Toc387564356 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564357” Engaging online community PAGEREF _Toc387564357 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564358” Managing online communities PAGEREF _Toc387564358 h 6
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564359” Challenges for Allianz PAGEREF _Toc387564359 h 8
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564360” Comparing Allianz and Wallmart PAGEREF _Toc387564360 h 9
HYPERLINK l “_Toc387564361” References PAGEREF _Toc387564361 h 11
IntroductionDespite the fact that email customer response facility, chat-rooms, digital news release and corporate websites are perceived as standards aspects of public relations practice, Allianz is struggling with the effects of the new digital media, specifically, the use of social networking sites (James, 2008). However, this report shows that public relations practitioners at Allianz have managed to fully embrace the media, and are well-prepared to do so. This report explores Allianz as the organisation of focus, engaging and managing online communities as the theme and challenges for Allianz as the discussion. It further compares and contrasts alliance and Wallmart.
Overview of Media PlatformsWith research evidences suggesting that public relations practitioners have acted fast to adapt the social media networks to engage with its customers, Allianz has adapted leading social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube, weblogs and mobile apps (NST, 2014; Gnibus, 2013; Goliam, 2011). The key stakeholders targeted include customers, employees, insurance brokers, the public and investors. In Australia, this has provided an opportunity to reach targeted audiences. The sites are selected since they are the most popular in Australia (Cowling, 2013).
Basing on Australian Bureau of Statistics Population clock, as at 11 May 2014 (Canberra time), Australia’s resident population is projected to be 23,485,179 (ABS, 2014). Facebook has some 11,489,380, representing 49 percent of the country’s population. Others are Twitter, which has approximately 2.5 million users and LinkedIn, which as 2.9 million users (Table 1)
Table SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1: Australia Social media statistics (Murton, 2014)
The terrain of PR practice has also shifted with these leading social networking sites, significantly increasing the potential to engage online community and sustain communication between and within stakeholder groups (Nielson, 2012). Information spills over from a multitude of digital sources as news presently arrive fast from a range of directions. The company has engaged in two-way communications with its key stakeholders. This has rationalised the need to engage and manage online communities.
Engaging and Managing Online CommunitiesEngaging online communityAmong Allianz’s most active stakeholders that make up its online community are the customers. An online community, or a virtual community, acts as information system where members of certain social networking site can post their comments or comment on discussions (Wirtz et al. 2013). They are popular means of interaction between companies and their stakeholders, specifically customers. In the case of Allianz, the social media has heralded new ways of interacting with its insurance policy holders. The interactions are no longer strictly proximity-based or face-to-face (Flew, 2005). The company uses brand community to engage customers. The social networking sites give Allianz a unique opportunity to monitor public opinion on issues concerning its insurance products, as well was, engage them in public dialogues on issues of its global operations (Gnibus, 2013).
The company uses Online Brand Community (OBC) concept to engage and manage customers through dialogues. Hence, Allianz’s public relations strategies are based on Dialogic Theory, where the company recognises as a bearing or orientation in communication, instead of a specific technique of communication (Wirtz et al., 2013). Basing on the theory, the company uses dialogue with the public and its customers as means to achieving the desired goals of increase sales output and engaging the public to secure brand loyalty (Kent et al., 2008).
Accordingly, the company views its stakeholders (the customers and the public) as “equals” rather than as “objects”. Hence, as suggested by the Dialogic Theory, dialogue is treated by Allianz as a product instead of a process.” Hence, its public communication strategy is not symmetrical communication model, where the social media is used strictly to build relationship (Lin & Lee, 2006). Rather, it provides a way to listen and to respond to stakeholders as equals. Allianz’s social media strategy is consistent with the tenets for public relations theory of dialogue. These include mutuality, propinquity, empathy, risk and commitment (Kent& Taylor, 2002).
Online brand community (OBC) is a concept that was first introduced by Muniz and O’Guinn (2001 as cited by Wirtz et al. 2013). It refers to the non-geographical, specialised online community that is based on a social relationship among the customers or admirers of a brand. The definition is based on sociological perspective and is anchored in the definition of a community to be a network of social relations, characterised by social bonds and mutuality (Wirtz et al., 2013).
The concept of brand community that Allianz used is drawn from the perspective that the social media can be engaged to market Allianz insurance products (Gnibus, 2013). The key reasons for these include the potential of social networking sites to cause high levels of customer-brand community, the proliferation of internet and the massive adoption of the social media and dominant role of the smartphones in promoting the use of social media, based on their popularity in Australia (Table 1). Such developments have triggered Allianz to embrace OBC. Indeed, Allianz was named among the top 100 global brands that have established online presence and customer engagement through OBC (Gnibus, 2013). Taking on Allianz’s perspective, the company has established an online brand community with its customers, who view its insurance products to add value to their lives.Managing online communitiesThe company’s corporate communications structure, also known as the Allianz SE’s Group Communications, is framed into three units, namely external communication, internal communication and communications operations. Managing online communities is within the category of external communication, although it interrelates with the other units. Overall, the employees in the Group Communications are seasoned experts in the art of communication, with most of them involved in creating content for the professional social networking sites, such as LinkedIn. In general, Allianz’s global network of communicators is a solid team. The company has an established social media strategy, properties and processes aimed at customer engagement, through video, infographics, photos and blogging. Aside from Facebook and Twitter, specific sites for blogging include Allianz’s website called Open Knowledge.
At Allianz, the use of the internet social networking tools to build solid and strong link with the public and its customers — or its online community — is in practice. A major strength that can be denoted is that the company has well-designed public relations strategies, in addition to adequate financial resources to implement them. The strengths in the company’s strength are more evident to the way it has integrated a range of social networking sites to harness the power of the media (Allianz, 2013).
Analysis of the company’s website’s homepage shows a range of symmetrical 2-way communication, with much of the elements of communication being those that are either public information or press agency. Hence, this shows that the public relations practitioners at Allianz are using the internet to enhance interaction between the company and the public. This reflects the concepts of Dialogic Theory.
The social networking management team bases the content of the social networking sites on internal communications, from the departmental heads. These include from Allianz operating staff such as, Allianz Australia, Allianz Managed and Operational Services (AMOS) in Australia, Allianz Global Investors New York, Fireman’s Fund US, Allianz Zurich and Allianz Global Investors Hong Kong. Therefore, the global communicators communicate directly to the Alliance SE communication’s team through emails and phone calls, about what takes place at the headquarters and what information should be integrated into the social media.
Challenges for AllianzKeeping with the dynamism of internet and mobile technology is a major challenge for Allianz. Since new mainstream social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are being update continually, it poses a great challenge for public relations professionals at Allianz, in respect to keeping abreast with what is available, as well as, what is scheduled for release. In which case, its large-scale public relations projects, including major global events, may have long lead times and plans the company made three to six months back from an event that may have to be revisited severally, in order to accommodate the trends in the usage of the new social networking site features by its key stakeholders, such as customers, journalists and the public (Stroh, 2005; (Miller et al., 2009).
The conventional public relations techniques are consistently undermined by the new digital media’s mobile nature, which requires the public relations professionals at Allianz to rethink how they should relate to its key stakeholders, such as journalists, customers, and the public. For instance, internet news services are reliant on news wire services. In addition, they tend to focus on other unreliable sources for raw material. This is great challenge to the public relations personnel to research more in order to verify information by the public, since budgets, reports and transcripts are consistently being placed on the company’s website and micriblogging sites, either by members of the organisation or the public seeking to hold the company to account (Stroh, 2005).
In addition, since customers expected instantaneous updates, the company’s public relations personnel are under pressure to produce fresh and immediate content across gender and cultures (Larissa et al., 2013). In addition, they are under pressure to generate fresh content for the company’s blogs and Facebook and Twitter account, with high level of accuracy and to have mobile devices at hand to consistently check, respond to stakeholder concerns and disseminate information. This specifically pressures the public relations personnel and the company’s executives and senior staff to form a strong relationship with information technology, despite the time of the day or geography.
The need to embrace new digital media and to accommodate its dynamism has meant that public relations officers at Allianz have to constantly undergo technical training in a range of areas, such as web publishing for the company’s weblogs, new social media platforms, search engine optimisation (SEO), internet security and operating web analytics. These have implied that the company’s public relations staff must integrate enhanced online information architecture skills, as well as, assimilate skills associated with managing an increased level of complex digital information (Mike, 2001).
Comparing Allianz and WallmartAllianz and Wallmart have two key responsibilities in managing their online community. First, they have to support their businesses by ensuring that prospective customers and customers understand their products. Hence, both companies sustain online brand community. Second, both companies have to defend, build and improve their reputations.
Both companies target different types of stakeholders. Allianz’s media relations initiatives and management are more flawless and seamless based on the divergent types of stakeholders both companies target. Wall-mart has to deliver tailored message to a more segmented audience, such as customers, suppliers, the public, investors, employees and a range of interest groups, such as environmentalists. On the other hand, Allianz’s target audience includes mainly customers, the public, stakeholders and employees. For instance, while Allianz has only three Twitter handles (@AllianzLife, #AllianzBirdies and @AllianzLifeNews) for consumer engagement and PR and media relations, Wallmart has seven, namely, @WalmartAction, @WalmartNewsroom, @WalmartGiving, @WalmartGreen, @WalmartHealthy, @WalmartVeterans (Allianz 2014).
Both companies focus on ensuring better content marketing strategy, better story-telling by including more interactive and conversations tools. Both companies use weblogs and social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. They also use paid media, including sponsored content feature available at Twitter and Facebook, to reach targeted audience (Hanson, 2014).
Both companies use the social media to enhance dialogues with their respective stakeholders, based on Dialogic Theory. They treat their stakeholders as “equals’ rather than as “objects”. Hence, this is since the social media enables a two-way communication where both companies engage their customers in conversations, as well as, respond to their concerns.
However, what make’s Alliance media relations management more superior is that, unlike Wallmart, its executive management and senior management directly use the company’s PR social media accounts and therefore has been able to respond authoritative to public concerns. On the other hand, Wallmart has faced a challenge in responding to public concerns about low wages and allegations of hidden cost (Aarons-Mele, 2013).
Conclusion
Allianz has adapted leading social media platforms to establish an online brand community with its customers, who view its insurance products to add value to their lives. The company has engaged in two-way communications with its key stakeholder based on Dialogic Theory. A key challenge it faces include keeping with the dynamism of internet and mobile technology. To engage fully with the customers, Allianz should design virtual experiences that arouse feelings. The company also needs to determine whether blogs should be part of campaigns.
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Wirtz, J., Remeseshan, B., Klundert, J., Canli, Z. & Kandampully, J. (2013). Managing brands and customer engagement in online brand communities. Journal of Service Management 24(3), 223-244