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Direct and Indirect Instruction Model
Direct and Indirect Instruction Model
Student’s Name
Institution
Direct and Indirect Instruction Model
Learning is a process that is known to be continuous all through anyone’s life. The dynamism of the world’s content necessitates adventuring, and this simplification is through introduction of learning centers such school. People pay to be taught in this learning centers that compost individuals in different levels of learning. Regardless of the level of the institution in the learning hierarchy, two prominent teach model have been applied to teach, which include direct and indirect models. The choice of a model to be used depends largely with the lesson, institution policies, and the academicians administering the lesson.
1. If you were to describe the direct instruction model, what characteristics would you include? What would be the topic of a lesson plan in your area that would be ideally suited to the direct model and why?
Direct instruction model has been applicable in teaching for an unspecified duration. In this model, a teacher or a lecturer impacts knowledge to learners using direct material that can easily be understood. Mostly, application of direct instruction model leave most of the work to the teacher and it requires strict following of lesson plan. As a result, Students are not given the opportunity to brainstorm. Additionally, use of learning procedures such as lab session, workshop, internship, and discussion are exempted. The positive sides of this model include inclusion of both quick and slow learners, reduction of time wastage in learning, and reduction of learning cost to the learner. On the contrary, direct instruction model has been blamed of making learners lazy, reducing teacher-student interaction, and reduces diversification in knowledge acquisition (Borich, 2007). In my application of direct instruction model, I find it appropriate in teaching different types of languages such as the official and the non-official language in a job interview.
2. Explain the use of the word “indirect” in the indirect instruction model. Provide a content example to illustrate your point.
Indirect learning is applicable in the teaching process where concepts are involved and solutions are sought for problems. The idea behind indirect instruction model is to make learners active in the learning process by giving them an opportunity to contribute. It is proven over time that practical learning processes enhance mastery and indirect instruction model embrace that ideology. Therefore, the term indirect is used in this context because the process gives learners crude information, which they transform in their understanding fit for their mastery. By so doing, teachers do not give information in open context manner forcing the learners to do their parts to ingest the information delivered to them (Borich, 2007). For instance, indirect instruction model would be used in teaching mathematics where a teacher gives an example intended to provide the learner with a formula to handle sums of a similar nature.
3. Why shouldn’t direct instruction be used all the time? Give an example in which it would clearly not be appropriate.
Learning processes sometimes become boring or complex to student. When that happened, it is necessary to proof student otherwise by making the process enjoyable and easy. For that to happen, the teacher needs to give direct information by breaking the complex part for the learners and relating them to real life situation where applicable. However, direct learning might not be appropriate to teach lab session such as surgical processes since in that case students’ involvement is necessary so that they can appropriately apply the same on their own.
4. Include one idea or quote that you found interesting, worthwhile remembering, etc. and you will explain why you felt that way?
“Early studies estimated that 70% to 80% of all questions required the simple recall of facts; only 20% to 30% required the high-level thought processes of clarifying, expanding, generalizing, and making inferences.(Corey 1940) Eventually, little has changed since these early studies.”
“It was once said that tell them and they will forget, show them and they will recall, involve them in the act or process and they will understand. These words have remained true until today (Borich, 2007).”
References
Borich, G. D. (2007). Effective teaching methods: Research-based practice. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Hammer Out Freedom, Technology as Politics and Culture
Hammer Out Freedom, Technology as Politics and Culture
Institution Affiliation:
Name of Student:
I’d Hammer Out Freedom: Technology as Politics and Culture
In the article, “I’d Hammer out Freedom: Technology as Politics and Culture, composed by Richard Sclove, enlightens the very nearly concealed truth regarding engineering and its belongings and capacities upon humanity. Sclove focuses that it is so critical to discover other know-hows that will keep standards and trusts altruistic and not to permit our creations to override our human ethics. These know-hows are essential for the evolution and development of us as humans as it promotes sustainability. The expression “Polypotency” implies strong from numerous points of view. Sclove utilized it as a part of the connection that expresses that society’s innovations, for example, the phone, machine, military gadgetry and something as so straightforward as the sledge, all have basic capacities that impacts society in numerous distinctive ways.
In his extensive sample of the sledge and the impacts of the utilization of it, he explains on the idea of polypotency from each point. Taking the customary hammer’s importance and its capacity to levels that are unseen by man. In the article, he composes that when man utilizes the mallet, he will better himself physically, rationally and gets to be surer from just a couple of employments of it. Expressing the utilization of the mallet will reverberate with mans’ semi-cognizant memories of a metal forger or its imagery of equity. Sclove clarifies how innovations are seen as social structures however are autonomous of their individual proposed reason.
By holding the opinion that the society is “polypotent”, Sclove feels that it is key to search for option innovations to keep thoughts and desires empathetic. He perceives that innovation will and has always impacted the society yet it doesn’t manage or decide how society creates and will work. I do concur with Sclove’s position of engineering that conveys characteristic. The way that he depicts the idea of “polypotency” in social orders different types of innovations, to me, is similar to revealing the world’s tenth Wonder. To take some of man’s least difficult developments, for example, the sledge and to develop it in such a route, to the point that it originates from the root of man’s have to survive and its mental evolvement is astonishing. There are some numerous creations that I use every day, in the same way as the TV that has formed society’s method for getting data.
On the other hand, with this more current and better method for accepting and survey data speedier and less demanding, it has likewise made an era of drowsy, frail minded and overweight grown-ups and kids. Despite the fact that TV has enhanced itself with better nature of picture, bigger and ostentatious sizes and giving to a greater extent an assortment than before (Internet, 3d and person to person communication, and so on.) It has indulged decimating the thought of activity, quality time with family and the conviction by a few folks that TV is a “decent sitter”.
Before perusing this article, it would not have cross my see any problems that the TV would have a larger number of impacts than its planned capacity. Yes, I do concur with Sclove that is vital that innovation is an address of the extent that the connections that we hold with them. As a general public develops and grows, there will dependably be new advances made, whether huge or little, with the aim to better man’s life and survival. Anyway I think we as a general public must remember the genuine result of these developments of advances for the reason that humankind will dependably be it most prominent ruin.
References
Sclove, R. (2006). I’d hammer out freedom: Technology as politics and culture. Society, Ethics and Technology,.
Direct & Digital Marketing
Direct And Digital Marketing
By (Author)
Name of the class (Course)
Professor (Tutor)
Name of the School (University)
City
Date
Direct and Digital Marketing
How can customer behavior be measured and influenced in internet and direct marketing?
There are several tools that can be used to measure customer behavior and the communication level between the organization and its target consumers. The most common tools employed in this aspect include advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling. Some tools also include product package/design, internet communication, and point of purchase displays. The first model is advertising, which is a very important tool that can be used to evaluate customer behavior. It is more often used in the earlier stages of response hierarchy models. Because of its persuasiveness, public presentation, and amplified expressiveness, as well as its ability to help reach high awareness levels about the company product, advertising is a very vital tool in determining how the target consumers react to the organization’s brand product (Ivanov, 2011; p.78). Advertising creates a long term image of a product to the consumer, either through direct marketing or through internet marketing.
Compared to other tools such as sales promotion, advertising is relatively cheaper although it has certain limitations such as its ability to evoke negative feelings like anger, annoyance, and distrust. The next tool is that of sales promotion which offer a very distinctive invitation for purchase. It also involves the use of free samples and discount and mostly preferred in cases of sales stagnation and product launching. It helps in measuring customer behavior by noting the response of the target customers during the process of sales promotion. The only limitation of using sales promotion as tool for measuring customer behavior is that its effect or impact on the target customer is normally short lived and do not for that matter build long term brand preference. The next tool in this aspect is the use of public relations, whose major characteristics include high credibility, dramatization, and off guard. The fact that people normally consider PR campaigns as news rather than as paid publication makes public relations a very superior tool for brand promotion as well as a measure for customer behavior. Consumers often have the tendency to trust messages conveyed through public relations thereby making it a very reliable tool for measuring customer behavior. However, the only problem associated with the use of public relations is that the PR campaigns is associated with low levels of control on where, what, and when the activity should be carried out. The tools for marketing communication should be combined in a well balanced and solid campaign to realize the effectiveness of the performance of the organization.
How can performance be measured for internet and direct marketing?
Internet Marketing is the aspect of using the internet to sell and market goods and services. A great deal of internet marketing activity is aimed at driving customers to the website of the company, whereby hey are encouraged to buy the organization’s products online. Internet marketing entails a very broad and growing range of strategies that are useful in interacting with consumers and other stakeholders. The most common activities involved in internet marketing include: preparing a website for the company, placing the advertisements on the website, and sending email messages. According to Bughin, Doogan and Vetvic (2010; p.87), the measurement of customer behavior and the effectiveness of internet and direct marketing are very important for professionals in the public, private, and non-profit sectors who evaluate and plan internet marketing investments. Measurement of customer behavior is also very important in the sense that it can assist the managers understand how marketing strategies are can affect the organization’s profitability and corporate image. Measuring customer behavior is also important as it helps financial professionals, internet marketing managers, general managers, and marketing managers to seek to understand how the resources allocated online can contribute to high performance of the organization (Peter & Olson, 2014; p.45-6).
There are two general categories used to evaluate or measure customer behavior and the performance of internet marketing. The first and most common approach to evaluation is the customer activity related approach. This approach, which is also known as “clicks-and hits”, involves the organization tracking internet marketing related user behavior. For example, the organization would be involved in enquiring the number of users who click and visit the website. The second approach, which has evolved and become prevalent, is described as “measurement-driven approach”. The approach entails measures going beyond the user behavior and combines very sophisticated analysis and rudimentary financial indicators. The first approach (“clicks-and-hits”) discussed above involves taking a look at the number of unique customers or the visitors who view the website and the time they spend viewing the web pages (Krishna, 2005; pp.127). This provides the marketers with an insight into the number of people assessing the site, as well as how they use the website and the kind of comments and feedback posted. However, as much as the web site may assist the managers may assist the managers in knowing how the customers interact with company through the web; the major challenge that has persisted is the lack of information and knowledge important to make the managers use the data on user behavior to increase business value and profits.
Many organizations that use web analytics collect and store large amounts of information and create wide and complex data bases to store it. The only problem is that such information is never normally put into use. The other approach, which is the measurement driven approach, involves assigning arbitrary values to several intermediate actions, and then uses such values to calculate and estimate the organization’s returns. For example, the organization can estimate the value of a visit to a website by approximating the number of visitors who become the organization’s customers, then multiplying the number by the value of all the organization’s customers in order to estimate returns (Peter & Olson, 2014; p.51). What the “measurement-driven” and the “clicks and hits” approaches have in similarity is the failure for both of them to (a) to link the organization’s performances to its strategic objectives, and (b) to provide a quantified model that can be used to plan and track the investments of internet marketing from intermediate results to financial results. Internet marketing activities must be in line with the general strategies of the organization in order to contribute to a competitive advantage of the organization, as well as the marketing strategic objectives and information technology functions.
Reference List
Bughin J, Doogan J, & Vetvic, J, 2010, A new way to measure word-of-mouth marketing. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/marketing_sales/a_new_way_to_measure_word-of-mouth_marketing” http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/marketing_sales/a_new_way_to_measure_word-of-mouth_marketing
Ivanov, H, 2001, Economics and Organization.”Some Aspects of Measuring Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)” pp 78-93. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFgQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cimaglobal.com%2FDocuments%2FImportedDocuments%2FTech_MAG_Evaluating_Internet_Marketing_April06.pdf&ei=BlYlU6_mD5CQhQe6rYCICg&usg=AFQjCNGNYuhIn1jC3sEG5WIiz52VKZzY5g&sig2=mpOdBuP2xMxHQF0eZMiCjQ&bvm=bv.62922401,d.ZG4” http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFgQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cimaglobal.com%2FDocuments%2FImportedDocuments%2FTech_MAG_Evaluating_Internet_Marketing_April06.pdf&ei=BlYlU6_mD5CQhQe6rYCICg&usg=AFQjCNGNYuhIn1jC3sEG5WIiz52VKZzY5g&sig2=mpOdBuP2xMxHQF0eZMiCjQ&bvm=bv.62922401,d.ZG4
Krishna, G. R, 2005, Consumer behavior: Effective measurement tools. Hyderabad, India: ICFAI University Press. pp. 120-134.
Peter J, & Olson, J, 2014, Consumer Behavior and Promotion Strategy. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://answers.mheducation.com/business/marketing/consumer-behavior/consumer-behavior-and-promotion-strategy” http://answers.mheducation.com/business/marketing/consumer-behavior/consumer-behavior-and-promotion-strategy