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Developing A Comprehensive E-Commerce Presence
Developing A Comprehensive E-Commerce Presence
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766585” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc376766585 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766586” SWOT Analysis PAGEREF _Toc376766586 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766587” Driving forces behind the uptake of e-commerce presence and Michael Porter’s 5 force model PAGEREF _Toc376766587 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766588” Organizational change PAGEREF _Toc376766588 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766589” Leading organizational change PAGEREF _Toc376766589 h 7
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766590” Security issues that arise by using e-commerce presence PAGEREF _Toc376766590 h 8
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376766591” Conclusion: Personal reflection PAGEREF _Toc376766591 h 9
IntroductionTechnology can be defined as new ways of doing things. In the recent past technology has become an indispensable business tool, this has made many businesses to strive ways to adopt new technologies in order to remain relevant in the ever changing business environments. Technology has become a necessity rather than a business tool. Nevertheless to mention successful corporations have used technology to gain competitive advantage over their rivals. This has helped hem not only to gain a considerable market share but also make profits and thus remain relevant in business. The aim of this study is to conduct an in depth research on the significance of information technology (IT) and information system (IS) to businesses.
Chosen Topic: Developing A Comprehensive E-Commerce Presence
E-commerce is a general term given to doing business online with the major help of IT tools. This can range from making orders, bidding for contracts, outsourcing, commodities and etc. The list of what can be done online is endless (Neuman, Clifford & Genyady Medvinsky, 1998).
SWOT AnalysisThere is a wide impact of adopting e-commerce presence technology in a business. It has both merits and demerits. Using the SWOT analysis, this impact can be analysed as follows. Beginning with strengths, we can say that by using e-commerce you widen your market, operational costs are reduced and your business enjoys global presence. This is because e-commerce technology puts an organization’s presence in the global scene. On the other hand this technology has its own weaknesses. These include exposure to risk of internet fraud, higher initial set up costs and training manpower to run these systems. For instance to establish an online ordering system that uses credit cards, is a relatively expensive venture which most small and micro enterprises (SMEs) may find expensive to start (Raymond, 2003).
Using e-commerce presence technologies also pose a lot of opportunities to SMEs. For instance there arises opportunities to establish new markets, improve operations, develop new products and even expand. This is due to the fact that this technology opens up new markets and brings in new methods of doing things. The major threat that this new technology has brought is that one of unemployment. This is because computers have totally replaced or reduced many of the tasks that were initially performed by human beings.
Driving forces behind the uptake of e-commerce presence and Michael Porter’s 5 force modelIn the recent past, there has been an increase of uptake in new technologies by firms. This is due to various reasons that are going to be highlighted shortly here after. In doing this, lets use Michael Porter’s 5 force model. This is a strategic business planning model that was advanced by Michael Porter in the 1980s. Since then it has become a very useful business tool for managers who either want to rise to the top or those who want to revive businesses that have fallen. Porter’s model is pegged in five cornerstones; these are buyers, substitutes, suppliers, competitors and new entrants (Porter, 2008).
Figure 1 Michael porter’s 5 force model
Buyers: They include both existing and potential customers to the business. The use of new technology by businesses has been largely driven by the urge to establish new customers besides maintaining the existing ones. This is because e-commerce presence has been proved to be able to reach a wider audience over relatively short time. For instance a small store in one country can benefit from attracting customers not only from the local scenery but also internationally if it advertises its products on the internet (Porter, 2008). This will give it a competitive advantage over rivals who are crowding the local market.
Suppliers: as far as e-commerce is concerned, it can be used to source suitable suppliers to a business using relatively less costs. This is because a business just advertises bids on its websites which are viewed globally. Therefore the likelihood of having a wide pool of bidders to choose from, gives you a considerable bargaining power. And as Porter puts it “having a greater bargaining power over your suppliers is a very strong point of competitive advantage”. The weakness of relying on one supplier is eliminated and thus the enterprise is able to thrive. Through e-commerce presence, suppliers also are able to get a wide range of business opportunities. This therefore is a win-win scenario which should be encouraged. This partly explains the driving force behind the uptake of new technologies by SMEs in the recent past.
New entrants: As far as the business environment is concerned, new entrants to the market is always a potential threat that can not be ruled out. Whether there are many or less barriers to entry and exit, new firms will always get there way into the market. Thus if an enterprise does not prepare in advance, chances of loosing a market are high. By using new technologies businesses are able to create competitive advantage which helps them to fight off threats of new entrants to their market. This is made possible through such advantages like creating artificial barriers to new entry, locking in customers, achieving operational efficiencies and etc (Porter, 2008).
Substitutes: Unless a business enterprise is a monopoly, the type of services and goods it offers will always have substitutes elsewhere. Thus if your customers feel dissatisfied they will easily move out. Many SMEs provide goods and services that have high substitutes hence this is a great threat to their existence. Developing an e-commerce presence therefore goes along way into propelling an SME into profitability. Having an e-commerce presence helps a business have a competitive advantage over its rivals. For instance a business preparing Pizza can develop a competitive advantage over rivals by developing an online ordering system where customers place order to the business directly. These orders are prepared in real time and delivered to the customer’s premises, office or even home. This saves the business from unnecessary wastage, space and even promotional costs. Moreover customers are also able to customize their orders to their own desires. In the ever increasing competition in the business world, SMEs have found use of this new technology to gain competitive advantage very useful. This explains the increased uptake of new technology in doing business (Fleuriet & Michel, 2008).
Competitors: In terms of competition, technology is a double edged sword. It can build or destroy a business in a flash. It all depends on your strategy. After analyzing the strategies which competitors are using, a business can use e-commerce presence to gain an advantage over your competitors. For instance if the local market is exploited, an enterprise can resort to use e-commerce presence to scout for new markets both locally and internationally. This has partly encouraged uptake of new technologies in the recent past by SMEs (Fleuriet & Michel, 2008).
Discussion
This is the right time for SMEs to adopt new technologies in there operations because of the ever changing and competitive business trends, increased use of IT/IS by households, developed systems and transferability of resources. Besides this the urge for customized products, need for diversifying into new markets and need to reduce operational costs also can be seen as indicators that this is the ripe time for adopting e-commerce presence by SMEs. This explains why there is increased uptake of this new technology by businesses (Hayes & Wheelwright, 1984).
E-commerce presence is a mature technology because it has fully fledged systems to facilitate its usability. For instance we have well developed online payment methods to facilitate payment options. They include PayPal, money booker, alert pay, Google credit among others. There are also other well developed methods like the traditional credit cards, wired transfers, and SWIFT global electronic money transfers. This has undoubtedly propelled successful online business like Amazon, eBay, E-lance just to mention but a few (Neuman, Clifford & Genyady, 1998).
In terms of customer base of individuals using e-commerce it is a bit little when compared to customers using traditional methods i.e. brick and mortar. The customer base statistics is even worse in developing countries like Africa. However, this not withstanding, the good news is that it is growing and it is doing so at a very high rate. Thus it is a worthy venture for any SME to invest in hoping that there is positive growth potential (Neuman, Clifford & Genyady, 1998).
Organizational changeResistance to change is one of the biggest hurdles that organizations face in their efforts to implement new technologies. This greatly hampers the uptake of new technologies by these organizations. According to Osborne & Brown the following are some of the reasons that have been advanced as to why people may resist change (Osborne & Brown, 2005).
Feeling that management or colleagues are not competent enough
Loss of control or authority that they have been enjoying
Belief that change initiative is a temporary fad
Lack of faith in themselves
Loss of social standing
Feeling of change overload
Lack of trust and goodwill in managers
Feeling that job security may be lost
Therefore as the CIO, the starting point to bring change is to identify and anticipate reasons as to why employees may be against a particular IT/IS system change. It is only by identifying these challenges that management can come up with practical and workable solutions. One sure way of handling a problem is to know what causes it in the first place.
Changes that may occur include total failure, half-hearted efforts to change, sabotage of management’s efforts or even intentionally breaking down the systems. It is important to note that some individuals resist change due to multiple of reasons. Nevertheless to mention you should not take at face value the individuals stated reasons because sometimes the stated reason hides the real reason. Individuals work through a psychological change process as they give up the old and embrace or still reject the new (Mintzberg, Quinn & Ghoshal, 1998).
Individuals may experience an initial denial, and then start to realize that the change can not be avoided. Strong feelings may emerge e.g. anger, fear, frustration and helplessness. At last the person may accept either negatively, with feelings of resignation or positively with renewed enthusiasm to capitalize on the changes. In the meantime take note of those employees who get stuck in one point. Offer them your support and give room to work through the stages. Give them time to breath and listen to them genuinely with empathy (Mintzberg, Quinn & Ghoshal, 1998).
The ever changing technology changes job roles and responsibilities of individuals. This organizational change have many and varied impacts on stakeholders. This may include the staff, management, shareholders, customers, suppliers among others. The impact can be direct or indirect depending on an individual’s relation to the firm. New technology can either increase or decrease the staff productivity depending on how they perceive the new system. If, for example, the new system has retrenched some people from their jobs, the remaining employees may feel insecure and sabotage the whole system. This means reduced productivity, narrow profit margins and finally low returns to the shareholders.
On the other hand if the new system that has been introduced is perceived to be beneficial may be by bringing around efficiency, job enrichment and gives employees new interesting challenges, may be embraced. These will translate to increased output thus more profits and finally increase shareholders value through such benefits like dividends, bonuses etc (Osborne & Brown, 2005).
Leading organizational changeThis is a field that has been of great interest to scholars for a long time. The most notable of them is Harvard professor John P. Kotter. He has been observing the process of change for almost three decades. Kotter came up with a list of factors that he believed can lead to successful changes and those that led to failure in implementing change. Kotter devised a step by step methodology which he believed if well applied can lead to successful implementation of organizational change. This should be followed systematically if you anticipate getting positive useful results (Kotler, 1998).
The beginning step is to establish a sense of urgency. This is done by examining competitive and market realities. Then identify and discuss crises or major opportunities that come up.
Second step is to form a powerful guiding coalition team. Assemble a group with enough energy and authority to lead the change.
Thirdly create a clear vision expressed simply and in an understandable manner. This is achieved by creating a vision to direct the change effort besides developing strategies for achieving the required vision.
Management should communicate the vision. Use every available method to communicate and market the new vision and strategies appropriately.
Next is to empower the other members of the group to act on the vision.Get rid of obstacles to change and change systems or structures that seriously undermine your vision.
Also plan for and create short-term wins. This can be done by planning for visible performance improvements and creating those improvements.
The second last step is to consolidate improvements while still producing more and more change.This can be done by using increased credibility to change systems, structures, and policies that don’t fit the vision.
Last but not least institutionalize the new approaches and dimensions. Articulate the connections between the new trends and behaviors and corporate success (Kotler, 1998).
Security issues that arise by using e-commerce presenceLike all other technologies, e-commerce presence also comes with its own share of security concerns. In fact the need for security is even greater owing to the fact that we are now dealing with money. This is on two frontiers i.e. the consumers and the e-commerce service providers. Whereas consumers are concerned with loosing their money, e-commerce sites are concerned with bad publicity, break-ins and etc (Ackerman, Mark, Lorrie & Joseph, 1999).
The first security threat that confronts home based e-commerce users is the risk of loosing their personal data to online hackers. This happens when a user has to identify or authenticate him/her before using a website. For instance bank details stored in cookies in the users computer is an easy target for hackers. They steal this e-commerce personal data and use it to fleece unsuspecting customers. This is even made worse by the fact that it is not all e-commerce users are experts in internet or IT/IS related issues (Ackerman, Mark, Lorrie & Joseph, 1999).
The second threat that confronts e-commerce is the risk of merchants loosing customer’s credit card information to hackers. This is made possible by the fact that most merchants store client’s information in the archive of recent orders. This makes it easier for criminals to access this information. Hackers have been known to target insecure web servers to harvest crucial data for their heinous acts.
The last security risk is based on the merchant and back end and database. This is possible because a company’s network can be weakened by site’s servers. This is hard to control because servers require administrative intervention in order to be connected to the internal network yet software of web servers tend to have buggy security. Past data has shown that failure rates in this case are very high with customers and companies loosing crucial data (Culnan, Mary, Pamela & Armstrong, 1999).
This is just but a few examples of security threats faced by SMEs that have adapted or are planning to adapt e-commerce presence as a new way of doing business. Overall the business has little to play because some of these threats are external to the business. This is as far as consumers and online merchants are concerned. Nevertheless the business can do whatever possible to prevent it from these risks. Possible interventions include using secure technologies like cryptographic technologies, digital signatures and public key infrastructure (Anderson, 2001).
Conclusion: Personal reflectionFrom the foregoing discussion, it can be confidently concluded that a move by a business concern to embrace new technologies like e-commerce presence, is a wise decision. Whereas there are challenges posed by these technologies, the rewards are tremendous and worth investing in. This is the only sure way to gain competitive advantage in the challenging business environment of 21st century. What all stakeholders need to do is come up with ways and means to mitigate against all the challenges that face e-commerce. Thus the buck stops with hardware and software manufactures, e-commerce merchants and authorities to play their respective roles. This way we will move closer to better e-commerce transactions. These way businesses will achieve their full potential and use of new technologies will be embraced in doing business. They can use appropriate technologies depending on their own unique needs. Whereas it is true that some of the security issues facing businesses are out of control by SMEs, all possible efforts should be made to safeguard themselves from risks associated with e-commerce presence.
References
Ackerman, Mark S., Lorrie Cranor, and Joseph Reagle. (1999). Privacy in E-Commerce:
Examining User Scenarios and Privacy Preferences. Proceedings of the ACM Conference in
Electronic Commerce.
Ackerman, Mark S., Trevor Darrell, and Daniel J. Weitzner. (2002). Privacy in Context. Human-Computer Interaction, 16 (2-4) : 167-176.
Anderson, Ross. (2001). Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Bryson, J. (2004) Strategic planning for public and non profit organizations Revised edition – San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 117
Case, Karl, Fair & Ray (1999). Principles of Economics (5th edition). London: Prentice-Hall.
Clarke, Roger. 2001. Of Trustworthiness and Pets: What Lawyers Haven’t Done for e-Business
Culnan, Mary J. (2000). Protecting Privacy Online: Is Self-Regulation Working? Journal of
Public Policy and Marketing, 19 (1): 20-26.
Denning, D. (1983). Cryptography and Data Security. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Dhillon, Gurpreet S., and Trevort T. Moores. (2001). Internet Privacy: Interpreting Key Issues Information Resources Management Journal, 14 (4): 33-37.
‘Examining User Scenarios and Privacy Preferences’. Proceedings of the ACM Conference in Electronic Commerce: 1-8
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Hayes, R.H. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1984) Restoring our competitive edge: competing through manufacturing, New York: John Wiley & sons
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John Zenger & Joseph Folkman (2009), “The Extraordinary Leader: Turning Good Managers into Great Leaders”. McGraw-Hill.
Kotler Philip (1998). “Marketing Management – Analysis, planning, Implementation, and Control”, 9th Edition, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Michael E. Porter. (2008). “The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy”, London, HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review” o “Harvard Business Review” Harvard Business Review, pp. 86-104
Miles, Raymond (2003). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. Stanford: Stanford University Press
Mintzberg H, Quinn J. and Ghoshal S. (1998) The Strategy Process. 2nd edition London: Prentice Hall
Mulgan, G. (2008). ‘Knowledge management’ in the art of public strategy- mobilising power and knowledge for the public good. London, Oxford University Press
Neuman, B. Clifford, and Genyady Medvinsky (1998). Internet Payment Services. In Internet
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Shim, D. and Matheson, A. (2001). ‘Public sector leadership for the 21stcentury Paris: OECD’
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African-American History.
African-American History
Student’s Name:
Institution:
Question one
Most of the slaves in the Americas were from West Africa. The main reason being the colonists from Europe went into the region because of ivory and gold. Moreover, Senegal’s Sahara desert provided another in the demand mineral – salt. These minerals lured the colonialist into the region, which had risen in economic stature because of these priceless minerals.
The slave trade started soon afterwards and many Africans from the region were shipped to different parts of the world, particularly North America where the demand for workers was high due to the building process that was going on.
The slaves had no rights and owned nothing as they were regarded as the property of their owners. The only object that they had was their culture. They held on to it as it was the only possession within their grasp that brought them solace. These traditions helped them through the hard times of slavery. In addition to that, this common among the African-American was a principal factor in their fight against slavery and injustice. However, these traditions were not directly involved in the fight for freedom rather they helped foster unity among the colored people (Wynn, 1999).
The African-American kept several pieces of their past culture. These aspects include music, arts such as dancing, literature, fashion, and religion. Most of these aspects have survived unchanged over the years, although some have undergone some changes. The fact that these cultures have remained untouched over the years does not mean that they had a similar impact on the transition period of the black man. Two of these factors had the largest impact on the black man history and they include music and art especially the dance.
Music had the biggest contribution in the fight for equality in the slave period in America. The slaves used music as a way of passing messages among one another. The music also kept them unified. Their music was characterized by polyrhythm, which was achieved by the use of drums and other locally made instruments. Just like in their native land, their music was used to inform their race of the need to fight for their rights. The white man realized that the music, especially the drumming was used to give out a certain message. They therefore banned the drums forcing the slaves to improvise other ways of making their music. They used anything they could lay their hands on that made sound such as spoons and other utensils to create their sound (Schneider & Schneider, 2000). This became a minor setback; consequently, the sound of the music changed a little bit, although its original flair was never altered. The sound that these slaves created has transformed into various genres including the hip-hop and the jazz that is attributed to many African American musicians.
Another aspect of the African-American culture that has stood over time and, helped them through slavery is the arts. Black people used their literature and dancing to mock the slave owners and the action of slavery. The blacks choreographed their dance moves based on their native culture. It was done in such a way that the white people would not comprehend that there was a certain message hidden in their moves. At the Harlem Renaissance, African-American culture was used to demand for the rights of the marginalized groups. The event showcased different activities, which proved that a black man was more than a servant and that he was capable of more than being a slave (Bailey, 1998).
These aspects of African culture would not have brought the intended objective, if the patterns of language were not involved. The music, literature and even the dancing had a certain language code in it. The slave developed a slang that only they could understand. This slang has developed over the years and even today, many African-Americans use it.
It is therefore true to say that, the survival of the African-Americans during slavery is attributed to their native cultures. Moreover, their revolutions were based on their traditions and their experiences of war from their countries of origin (Holloway, 1990).
Question 2
The American Revolution, which took place in the years between 1765 and 1783, was a very important event in the emancipation of a black man. Although African-Americans were faced with a stern test of choosing between involvement in the anti-British army or the pro-British army, a chance was presented for the blacks to be finally free. Overlooking the fact that thirteen of the British colonies in America were freed, the main occurrence that took place after the war was the enactment of a new constitution. The new constitution brought about changes such as a stronger presidency and the introduction of senates. The main content of the constitution that was of benefit to the blacks was the Bill of Rights. Its contents promised many goodies concerning the emancipation of the black people (Wynn, 1999).
The other event in the chronology of the past of the African-American was the Missouri compromise that occurred in 1820. The compromise was between the supporters of slavery and those against it. It stated that some parts of the western territories such as the former Louisiana said no to slavery. However, a bill to repeal the act was drafted by Stephen Douglas. The act opened parts of Nebraska and Kansas regions to slavery. The act fuelled the urge for the black people for war. Incidentally, the American civil war was brewing and the bill became its main causative factor. The American civil war was the beginning of the efforts for the emancipation of the black man. The act was followed by the Tallmadge amendment brought by James Tallmadge junior, which proposed the prohibition of slavery
Despite the fact that these two events took place at different times and had no connection, both worked out to the advantage of the black people. The two events are the most important events that consequently led to the eventual freedom of the black people and abolition of slavery. Moreover, the two events gave moral support to black people such as Du Bois and Martin Junior in their fight for equality in the 1950’s. Besides these obvious results, the two events were a precursor to several other events that later became critical to the development of a modern American society (Schneider & Schneider, 2000).
Question 3
American Revolution and the Missouri compromise led bigger events in the American history. Through their occurrences, lessons as well as events were witnessed. The two events brought hope to the fight for freedom for the black man. For instance, when the Missouri compromise was reached at, the people in that region enjoyed its fruits though they were short lived. On the other hand, the American Revolution brought about a change in the constitution. The constitution promised an independent America, a promise that was fulfilled a few years afterwards.
In another example, the first draft of the declaration of independence gave a glimmer of hope that these ratifications and its promises could be achieved. During the years, the law gave the black man’s freedom to perform his responsibilities. However, the entrance of pro-white groups, for instance the KKK curtailed this freedom. The constitution supported the fight against such groupings and today America is known for its respect of freedom and democracy (Bailey, 1998).
Over the years American citizens, especially the marginalized groups look to the constitution for salvation. The constitution, through its bill of rights promised freedom and equality for every American citizen. They are waiting for the day when these promises will be delivered. Most of them have lost their faith in the constitution and its promises because they have waited for many years for the said promises. Most of these people are the poor who seek equal opportunities for creation of wealth through education and financial help from the institutions owned by the government. From the experiences of the black people and the freedom of the colored people in general, these groups should hold on to their faith because in spite of the fact that the promise of freedom of the blacks took decades to come through, it was achieved eventually after many efforts. The delivery of this promise gives hope to the American citizenship that all the promises in their constitution remain to be fulfilled (Holloway, 1990).
References
Bailey, T. A., Kennedy, D. M., & Cohen, L. (1998). The American pageant. Vol. II: a history of the republic : since 1865 (11.ed. ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Holloway, J. E. (1990). Africanisms in American culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Schneider, D., & Schneider, C. J. (2000). Slavery in America: from colonial times to the Civil War : an eyewitness history. New York: Facts on File.
Wynn, L. T. (1999). Journey to our past: a guide to African-American markers in Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn.?: Tennessee Historical Commission.
Developed country, Third world country, War, Peace, Religion, Tradition, Culture, Achievements
Developed country, Third world country, War, Peace, Religion, Tradition, Culture, Achievements
All through the years, the world at large has been shaped through the religious belief, traditional factors, the first and the Second World War and the different cultures that are part of the different countries. According to (Haynes 1999), religion not only permeates deeply depending on the state boundaries but it also impacts on a range of political outcomes in the particular state. The current profile for different religion in the third world country is seen in the historical view. It is a factor that is linked to history of the third world countries. The countries that are seen today have come from various empires that were broken through different wars or through other influences like culture. For example Turkey was once an Ottoman empire which was later broken down through World War 1 to form the country that is now Turkey, (Magnarella 2007). The Turkey country was then established as an Islamic country with Islam being the state religion. However, after the First World War other religions like Christianity which was brought by the Armenians and Jewish religion were allowed into the country.
Colonialism contributed a lot to the shaping of the countries. The colonialism came in either through the pretext of religion or through the trade that went on during the sixteenth century. Brazil is one country that has been influenced much through colonialism. During the sixteenth century the Portuguese colonized Brazil and up to date the Brazilian culture and language is linked to the influence of the Portuguese. Colonialism, immigration and the slave trade have been the cause of the heterogeneity in Brazil. The racial and cultural diversity is today seen as one of the countries national strength, (Margolis 2000). The Brazilian themselves describe their democracy as a racial democracy. The Brazilians have moved from the military dictatorship to a democratic country that chooses its own leaders. This has seen the growth of the country economy with the citizens themselves watching how their economy fares on.
(Ronald and Christian 2005) propose that cultural traditions and religion shape the political and economic situations of third world countries to a wider extent. The development of such countries is dependent on the influence of the religion and culture that is dominant. For example in India some political parties base their appeal on the religion of individuals. India is a country that is composed of Hindus and Muslims. India has seen a struggle between the Hindus and the Muslims and the government was controlled by Hindus extremist. Such a scenario has presented a serious threat to the democracy of the country. The country is no longer controlled by religious groups after the citizens voted against the Hindu act, (Martha 2007) and (Joanne 2007). It is only after the political stability was established in India that thee country started to prosper economically. Culture has largely influenced the trade merchandise in the local markets of India. Most of the goods sold are a result of the local’s culture and talent.
China is one country whose democracy and economy has been fluctuating throughout the years. China was once the leading country in trade around the world. Its economy was flourishing just before the Second World War that saw a turn of events. The public sector is the foundation of the economic social system and the political democracy, (Margaret 2009). The democracy of china started with the cultural revolution of the 20th century. The economy of china however started to rise with the stability of the political environment. The country economy is growing much faster especially with the increase in technology, (Plummer et al 2004).
Reference
Haynes, Jeffrey. (1999). religion, globalization, and political culture in the third world. Britain: Macmillan press.
Joanne, Myers. ‘Democracy, religious violence and India’s future.’ Carnegie council articles, (1-3).
Magnarella, Paul. (2007). “countries and their cultures.” advameg, Inc. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.eyeculture.com/turkey” http://www.eyeculture.com/turkey
Margaret, S. (2009). “Of democratic political development road with Chinese characteristics.” Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://eng.hi138.com” http://eng.hi138.com
Margolis, Maxine. (2000). Brazil. Advameg, Inc. retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.everyculture.com/brazil” http://www.everyculture.com/brazil.
Martha, N. (2007). The clash within: democracy, religious violence and India’s future. USA: SAGE. Print.
Plummer, J. et al. (2004). Community in china: issues and processes for capacity building. United Kingdom: Cromwell press Ltd.
Ronald, I. and Christian, W. (2005). Modernization, cultural change and democracy: the human development sequence. New York: Cambridge university press.