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Data collection is a very important aspect for an organization
Statistics
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Institutional affiliation
Date
Introduction
Data collection is a very important aspect for an organization. The type of data an organization aspires to get determines the kind of research which will be used. Data collection can be classified into two. These types of data include qualitative and quantitative. These two methods have differences in the way data is collected and analyzed. The method used for data collection depends on the results that the organization aspires to achieve. These two types of data have their own strengths and limitations. Qualitative data involves the use of narratives and words. This method ensures that numerical information is used. The use of statistical analysis is used and this helps the organization conduct better analysis. Data achieved through this method is used to provide meaning and also ensure that there is an understanding involving the data. The use of qualitative involves classifying data in terms of quality (Bernard, 2002).
Quantitative data involves numeric and can be analyzed mathematically. This data can also be quantified. This data is very useful as it provides clear information about what is needed. The collection of this data involves the use of trial and questionnaires among other methods. The use of interviews can be used in the collection of this data. Quantitative involves classification of data in terms of quantity. The use of the two methods of data collection is very important. There are differences between the two methods of data collection. Some of the differences are that qualitative data provides differences in data because the methods of interpretation also differ. Quantitative data is said to be the same as the methods used for collection are similar (Johnson, & Christensen, 2008).
The Ballard Integrated Managed Services did collect data that was used to help it understand what is leading to its decrease. The company decided to gather data from another company. The company used both methods of qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. These methods are what made the company identify where they are failing. There are two types of variables. They include categorical and continuous variables. Categorical involves binary, practical and ordinal. Continuous involves ratio and interval. The method of variable that BIMS used was continuous variables.
Conclusion
Data is very important to an organization. The method of data used determines the kind of data got. The organization should ensure that both qualitative and quantitative methods are used. Data should be carefully handled to ensure that the correct information needed for the organization is achieved. The organization should ensure that they plan well on what information is needed so that they can ensure that the correct method is used.
References
Bernard, H. R. (2002). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative methods. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. B. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Network Design Consultation. Network design for a small billing business
Network Design Consultation
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course title
Date
Introduction
The network consultation guides one through the process of designing a network for the small business. A typical network of this sort includes three computer users, two laptops, a server, one quality networked printer and access to wireless network. The main aim is to build and design the best network for the organization, with top degree of functionality and security at the same time maintaining a low and reasonable cost. The business scale should be flexible so that as the business grows the network should also grow with it. A Small business has a reserved networking and computing requirements. The business may have a number of computers and laser printers. The network for the small office network should allow the members to share data, and printers as well as other peripherals. The computing requirements in small organizations may be met by use of a single LAN with one to two servers, and using off-the-shelf components. A small business LAN is usually managed by one person with a moderate experience and technical knowledge (Gregory, 2002).
Network design for a small billing business
A network design that allows one server to control the networking, filter internet and serve printers is the easiest since the owner can manage his business at a single point. It should have easy connections that grow with the business. Web and mail servers could be used from a hosted service and thus having one internet connection. This is recommended since it is a cost effective and is efficient for a small business. The recurring cost of maintenance could be reduced by a big rate. In this business, the owner will consider using the following devices for his billing business.
The modem serves as a network adapter that configures the internet technology on the business operating system. For proper networking, the modem is first installed before the other software to confirm compatibility. The modem is connected to an AP router that is used when transmitting data between wired and wireless networking devices. The two laptops use wireless networking from the router to access network while the workstations and the other 3 users use LAN and are connected to the main server via the switch box. The two working stations are placed in a local area network which is secure to protect data and the working stations themselves.
The LAN’s IP addresses are private and available to the local network only. The workstations and the network printers are given an IP address automatically by the server, as well as to the wireless network that hook the three users and the laptops. The IP Addresses may be allocated permanently to the printers and workstations for easy locations accessibility. Therefore it is vital for the business owner to give an IP address to the LAN available depending on the type of business. A Switch is a mechanical device that is used for separation of machines to prevent data from going to machines that are not intended on the network. By using it, the network usage is reduced and the security of every machine is separated from the traffic created by other machines. It controls the network hard drive that transfers files to all the other computers.
The basic configuration recommended for a secure computing environment.
For a secure computing environment, the user should establish different security policies to protect data and threats. Implementing a basic firewall that manages threats and protects the system and the use of basic Antivirus software or even an anti-spyware program that protects from virus is the main methods used by business owners to protect information and the devices. Since there will be a wireless connection, a robust password is advised since wireless traffic is highly detected by software. Review of the router and firewall logs helps to identify any abnormal network connections as well as any Internet traffic. Use passwords are encouraged for all accounts.
Diagram of the network configuration
-800100-714375 SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1
-86677515938501014095-87185595251143000CABLE MODEM
SWITCH BOX
2 WORKSTATIONS
233362528479759525002847975NETWORK HARDRIVE FOR FILE SHARING
47498002428875AP
ROUTER
95251447800SERVER
3038475-7905754133850542925NETWORK PRINTER
1114425182245
The 3 users
Network architecture and Internet access configuration
Network architecture, is the structural and logical layout of the network that consists of transmission devices, hardware and software as well as communication protocols and mode of transmission such as wireless or wired and connectivity between components. LAN is the best network type that can be used in a small business. The other computers are served by only one server (Gregory, 2002).
The networking consultation applies to the fundamental networking concepts solutions and terminology on computer networking. The networking allows one to implement network using the physical media and data links created. Ethernet and Wi-Fi deploy the LANs as they guide on the network design to be used on any business.
Hardware recommendations and related costs
This are the tangible devices required by the user to access either through a dial up connection or direct connection to a host computer. Connecting cable lines enable connection to the Internet bringing about increase in users and speed of connections on the web. A router is recommended as it is the main part of the architecture. It transmits information from one place to another in data grams. A switchbox is required as it is the central control of all the actions taking place; it distributes traffic based on application or load content. Printer prints data from the connected computer. Pc is has components such as the key board, mouse monitor, data storage, hard drive and the system unit. A Modem is used to configure and to set up the internet technology on the operating system.
Cost Table listing all the items needing purchasing and the associated cost.
Item Cost Quantity Total Cost
2working station $150 2 $300
2laptops $400 2 $800
Printer $300 1 $300
Cables $100 1 $100
Router $100 1 $100
Switch box $100 1 $100
Network hard drive $100 1 $100
Software’s (Microsoft office) $500 1 $500
(Operating System) $600 1 $600
(Timer) $50 1 $50
Cost of installation $300 1 $300
Internet Expenses $200 1 $200
Electricity Expenses $100 1 $100
Modem $100 1 $100
Business License $200 1 $200
Miscellaneous Expenses(telephone etc) $1,000 1 $1,000
$4,850
balance $150
Software recommendations and related costs
Software is the intangible utilities and Operating System that allows the computer to function, and the programs that do real work for users. For instance: windows 7&8, word processors and database, spreadsheets. Management systems and timers as well as any other software found in the ROM memory are software
Deployment in bandwidth, distance, and number of users
Network is a classification of devices that are linked to each other. Networks can be grouped into a variety of uniqueness, such as the topology, means used to transport the data, scale communications protocol used, advantage, and organizational scope. Different technologies are organized in different framework of networking for instance in topology which has bus, ring star, tree and mesh classification. Topology is a crucial part of network design theory. One can build a small business computer network without perception of the difference between star design and a bus design, but when familiar with the typical topology provides one with a better understanding on the essentials of networking concepts such as routers, hubs, and broadcasts. Bandwidth is rate of data transfer within a band of wavelengths in a computer network. It is said to be the volume of data an internet connection can handle per second. The rate/speed of bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps). An internet connection with a larger bandwidth can move a huge amount of data in a short span compared to an internet connection with a bandwidth that is relatively low. Network failure and a large decrease in the signal strength can hinder the bandwidth rate.
Characteristics of various communication protocols
A communications protocol is a structure of rules for data switch between computers. A protocol should define the semantics, syntax and synchronization of communication. The character depends on how it is independently implemented. It can be implemented as software or hardware and even as both. A technical standard should be developed to bring the protocol into an agreement.
Deploy a basic Ethernet LAN and compare it to other network topologies
Network topologies are ways in which network elements are connected, thus the logical and physical arrangement of network nodes. Ethernet topology compared to other topologies has the simplest connection and has less network nodes. It is only preferred to a less load to avoid traffic.
Ethernet LAN network topology is cost effective mode of achieving high speed LAN transmissions since it can operate with as low as 10 to 100MB/s as compared to other topologies that are expensive. It supports various writing configurations and works best with a huge number of LAN as well as the micro-to-main frame applications. It is the easiest to install as compared to other network topologies. When compared to other network topologies, Ethernet is not a high-level performer when it comes to high-load environments. This protocol Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection slows down significantly when many workstations compete for the one cabling trunk. It has a linear bus decentralized control which may complicate isolation of problems (Ekert, 2004).
Use technology and information resources to research issues in networking
The Networking and Information Technology Research issues are done to support technology leadership, science, and engineering and bolster economic competitiveness. The research focuses on identifying issues that will help the countries out-educate, out-innovate and out-build the world. Networking and information technology assists in Cyber security and information assurance from any attacks. High-confidence software and systems have priorities such as; Management of autonomous and complex systems; Development of science and technology for creation of cyber-physical systems (CPS); Development of technology assurance; Improvement of quality of high-confidence real-time system and software; as well as the improvement of CPS education to expand a new generation of experts (Edgar, 2005).
Reference
Gregory, R. (2002). Securing wireless networks. The Internet Protocol Journal, 5(3).
Edgar, D. (2005). Ieee 802.11. The Internet Protocol Journal, 5(1).
Ekert , V. L. (2004). An ontology for network security attacks. Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, 317-323. doi: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3285.
Data and methods. In this chapter, we outline the various research methodologies that were used for our study.
Methodology
In this chapter, we outline the various research methodologies that were used for our study. The study employed a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (mixed research strategy) in order for use to realize a realistic outcome of the study. More specifically, the chapter explores the range of techniques employed by the researcher in executing the study, research philosophy, research methods and strategies used in obtaining data and finally, data analysis and interpretation. A review of literature indicates that a several authors have in the employed the mixed research strategy in exploring the impact of TQM on organizational performance (Gherbal et al., 2012; Hansson, 2003; Irani et al, 2001; Nyame-Asiamah & Patel, 2009).
Research Philosophy
Research philosophy adopted for this study is a positivist one. Positivism is a philosophy that has its roots in empiricism. In other words, our study will rely purely on observable and measurable/quantifiable facts. The basic principle or philosophy behind this approach is that all knowledge that is factual in nature is ultimately based on positive information that is acquired from all sorts of observable occurrences and experience. Any idea that falls beyond this philosophy of provable fact is regarded as metaphysical in nature. In this case, only analytical assertions are treated as true via a process of reason as indicated in the work of Davies (2007) . For a positivist approach, a deductive approach that involves the advancement of a theoretical or conceptual framework is adopted prior to the testing of the hypotheses via an elaborate empirical observation. Following a deductive approach the basis for my research is the hypothesis that TQM was successful for XYZ’s business. Based on the data analysis and other findings, the work presented proof for and against the research hypotheses.
Research strategy
A research strategy refers to the actual plan that the researcher adopts in carrying out the research. In this case, the research strategy was case study approach. The research aimed at investigating TQM implementation in an Aluminum manufacturing firm in the Middle East. According to the work of Davies, (2007), case study is the process of developing a detailed, and yet intensive knowledge a single case, or a limited number of related cases. The main advantage of employing a case study technique is the realization or achievements of very detailed observations regarding a given case. This allows us a chance to study different elements while also scrutinizing them relative to one another. This allows us to observe the process within its natural environment. Consequently, case study helps us in realizing a more realistic and holistic view of a given research paradigm.
Research population as well as sample
The study was conducted at the XYZ’s Aluminium manufacturing plant in the Middle East. Since the studies was aimed at reviewing TQM implementation and evaluate the potential benefits it has brought to the facility.The management was used in representing the entire community. The respondent for the sample survey were selected purposefully from the plant and included only staff members who knew a lot TQM requirements, benefits and implementation. The sample was made up a 76 respondents that included XYZ’s quality assurance team, quality as well as production managers, production supervisors as well as a management representative (MR) in the plant’s quality council.
Data Collection techniques
Quantitative
The collection of data for this study involved the use of questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires were used in eliciting reactions and investigating TQM implementation in the Aluminum manufacturing facility. The semi-structured interviews were used in carrying out interviews with the plant’s General as well as TQM managers and were therefore, aimed at helping the researcher in gaining a better understanding of the themes that emerged from the earlier supplied questionnaire. For the sake of understanding the plant’s performance, its customers were also interviewed.
Questionnaires were the tools for data collection in this research. These questionnaires had three parts. Demographic details of the respondent made up the first part. The second part was specially designed in order to measure the extent of TQM implementation in the facility. The third part of the questionnaires was specially designed to capture the facility’s productivity index.
The questionnaires for measuring the implementation of TQM at the facility were designed on the basis of ten factors that were to be investigated. These included the commitment of top management, existence of quality structure as well as excellent communications structures, employee training and empowerment, quality control and benchmarking, customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, organizational culture, quality information systems, nature of supplier’s relationships and policy and strategic planning.
Qualitative
For the qualitative part of this study, unstructured interviews with the facility’s managers, customer service representatives, supervisors, financial controllers as well as operators were conducted in order to evaluate their views on TQM implementation. The interviews were useful for understanding from each one’s perspective how they view TQM and it will help capture significant information such as body language and tone of voice which would have be missed in the surveys.The interviews were conducted in peaceful environments and were at comfort of the interviewees to avoid making them feel intimidated.
The personal interviews were aimed at eliciting the participants’ reactions and views on;
The possible options considered before it was decided to implement TQM at XYZ
The challenges and hindrances faced during this process and how were they overcome
To evaluate if Quality Information System (QIS) implemented as part of TQM and how it helped
The interviews were mainly unstructured in order to allow the research to obtain various clarifications on certain variables that demanded an in-depth analysis and investigation. Due to the sensitivity of some of the issues (due to trade secrets in the aluminum manufacturing industry and other legal issues), the interviews were carried out informally. This also helped in eliminating bias on the respondents’ part.
Data presentation as well as analysis
Quantitative
In this study, SPSS was employed in analyzing the quantitative data. The data analysis was conducted in three distinct stages. The initial stage involved the checking of reliability by means of Cronbach’s Alpha . This method was employed in measuring the degree of internal consistency and to gauge the correlation of all items in our survey instrument. The second stage involved the use Persons correlation. This was used in assessing the strength of the association or relationship between the study’s dependent and independent variables. The third and last stage involved the use of multiple regressions in checking of multicollinearity (the association among the variables) as well as the degree of variance.
Qualitative
Ideally, qualitative data analysis took place concurrently during the data collection process. This allowed the researchers an opportunity to generate an emergent understanding of the various research questions. These reactions are what informed the sampling as well as subsequent questions that were asked. This was done iteratively until such a point that no new theme emerged. This point was referred to as a saturation point and it marked the end of data collection in this study. The main challenge that was faced while applying qualitative data analysis techniques from the unstructured interviews was the fact that different questions led to different answers. This meant that that the researcher had to apply great effort in systematic analysis of the responses in order for a patter to be identified (Patton, 2002)
Data Triangulation
The use of the various methods above coupled with literature review amounts to ‘triangulation’ which is increasingly being used to refer to a process of cross-checking findings deriving from both quantitative and qualitative research (Deacon et al, 1998). The use of qualitative and quantitative research in conjunction may often allow the researcher access to different levels of reality (Bryman and Bell, 2007). Thus, the researcher was able to focus the research from multiple angles and present conclusions and findings in a structured manner.
Results