Recent orders
National federation V sebelius
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National Federation V Sebelius
This decision came in because there was an enactment of patient protection, which increased the numbers of American citizens covered by health insurance, thus decreased the cost of health. This provision is beneficial since most Americans have minimum vital medical coverage. Americans who do not receive health insurance from the government or an employer are supposed to purchase insurance from a private company (Brus 2). Alternatively, they are supposed to pay the money to the government as internal revenue. It is a just decision because both the poor and wealthy are able to have access to good medical facilities without paying large amounts of money.
In addition, the decision is impartial because programs like Medicaid programs provide funds to the state, which helps the needy. The needy in this category include pregnant women, disabled, the elderly and children. The decision is just because the program expands the numbers of individuals who get coverage from the act. Hence, most people are able to access medical services. Conversely, this act covers adults with children who have low income but do not cover adults without children (Hall 1). This is because adults with children have extra expenses and need medical coverage to keep them well. The decision is just because the states that comply with the act receive funds for the requirement. However, states that do not comply with these act risk loosing the funds. This is because some states might use the money for other issues instead of concentrating on the intended issues.
It was a just decision because the court did not allow any person to put an injunction before paying their taxes. Every person subjected to the tax must first pay then claim for a refund in court. The affordable payment act was not tax but rather a penalty. Therefore, there was no basis of an injunction (Johnson 3). It is a just decision because the individual mandate does control existing commercial activity but compels to participate actively in commerce activities because this might affect interstate commerce. It is therefore the responsibility of citizens to ensure that they pay their health insurance to avoid unnecessary penalties.
Interpreting the commerce clause to allow congress to control jobless people would provide another area for congress authority. This is because congress already has enough power to control people’s businesses. Therefore, the decision of affordable act will permit congress to control people’s actions (Perkins 3). The framers of the law knew the difference between acting and doing nothing. Therefore, they gave congress the mandate to regulate issues but not to compel these issues. Ignoring this fact will assume that the federal government has limited powers over its citizens.
It is reasonable to say that the individual mandate commands individuals to buy insurance. However, the explained reasons do not give congress this kind of power. It is therefore essential to turn to the alternative government decision that suggests the congress has the mandate to collect taxes. Conversely, the government will be imposing a tax to those who do not buy the product (Stone 2). This is a just decision because others might ignore purchasing health insurance yet it is for their individual benefit.
The suggestion that payment responsibility of the affordable act should be a penalty and not a tax is justified. This is because there are people who might take this chance to file an injunction to the act yet it benefits many citizens. There is no control of whether payment of tax is within the powers of the congress. This decision is just because it describes an analysis of why the responsibility payment can be constitutionally a tax. This is because the payment is low and people have no choice but to buy the health insurance. There are no willful violations during payment since there are penalties of unlawful acts and payment is only through IRS. This does not imply that the intention for payment is never for purchasing health insurance. Therefore, it is a just decision to assume that failure in payment of health insurance is unlawful. The affordable act does not attach any legal consequences on failure to pay health insurance. In addition, the state should regard it as a tax to those who do not pay insurance.
The decision is just because there are clauses that give the secretary of health power to penalize states that do not comply with new regulation of expanding medical programs. These states might even risk loosing government funds for ignoring these regulations. Due to loss of 10% in the budget economy, the state does not have any other option but to venture in Medicaid expansion. The government claims that it is an expansion of existing medical program amendable by Congress.
The actions of the Congress are rational in this issue because future actions (the intake of medical care) will certainly occur The reasoning presented in the case is analogous to the Court’s judgment in Taich. The judgment of Taich’s case was meant to control marijuana grown by people for their own consumption. Homegrown Marijuana extremely affects the interstate marijuana market. Marijuana got drawn into the market by high demand in the interstate market. The decision therefore recognizes the authority of the congress which is under the commerce clause to carry out of an individual today ceased growing excess wheat; suspect in Raich ordered to stop the cultivation of marijuana. It arises from a future prophesy of transaction- the final sale of that marijuana or wheat in the market of the interstate. The only doubt is the time of occurrence (SUPREME REPORTER).
The decision made by the judges to uphold the minimum coverage position on the basis of all participants or involved stakeholders in the health care field would hence carry no implication. Congress is just under the commerce clause which gives a mandate to of buying other products and services. Holding the idea that those without insurance are inactive in the health-care field, The Chief Justice parallels it to the market of cars. A person is inactive in the car market. The Chief Justice uses the analogy because he may buy a car someday. The parallelism is inapt. The compelling need for medical care and the assurance that care for emergency is availed in terms of need are conditions not available in other markets. It is only existent in the markets of broccoli and cars as well. Although an individual can purchase a broccoli or a car, there is no assurance that he will do so in future. And if she eventually needs the broccoli or is with a craving for a car, he will pay at the counter before receiving the service or good. The individual will not get the item for free at the expense of other consumers paying more than required. Thomas More Law v. Obama case in 2011 on regulating how people pay for health care (after treatment) provides another support (Barnett, Shapiro and Levy). When a person gets treated, it is difficult to know when they will need the service again, and when illnesses or emergencies occur the affordability is uncertain.
The minimum coverage position compels people to purchase goods and services outside their wishes. This is a suite of products. Medical services that are not in need today are of great significance in future. This is a justification by the court as a way of ensuring public safety. Almost every individual benefits from services of health care at some point in the course of his life on earth. Health care insurance is a way of compensating for this service. In compelling individuals to obtain insurance on their health, the Congress is acting morally (Hopkins). The moral aspect of this comes across as the Congress does not mandate the buying of an unwanted product. The Congress however gives limits on the amount of pay that individuals should meet as a result of a service they consume. People who the mandate gets subjected to them must therefore pay for medical health care in advance through insurance. This implies that they pay for the service prior to receiving it and the form of payment is through a company and not from individual’s pocket. Controlling payment of goods or driving interstate commerce is within the jurisdiction of the Congress. Therefore, the decision by the Court is just. Some scholars say that Federal Government has the powers to prescribe quality and even price of a commodity (Banks and Blakeman).
The chief justice takes the minimum insurance provision as an illegitimate effort to make young individuals reduce insurance premiums paid by old folks who are less hale and hearty. The act is morally right because an entry of young individuals would bring down the cost of insurance which would benefit the entire populace. He also terms the complaint spurious. The current health system gives healthy persons without insurance a benefit that they incur no liability: they have an option of gaining access to emergency care, when need arises, even if they cannot afford it. Only those insured have the disadvantage of this assurance as they incur some debt. The call for insurance coverage implies that individuals without insurance will cease enjoying the current privileges they have over those insured. This is morally upright as it brings a sense of equality in health care provision (Fallon).
Moreover, the young and healthy individuals will age and eventually subscribe to the society’s old and infirm category. Currently, the provision of the Court’s decision requires the young to pay more than their fare share. As they age, the pay reduces to adulthood where they pay lesser than their fair share. This is a moral approach to the issue as old age come with inefficiency and many responsibilities. Paying for the service heavily on a tender age will make life easier during adulthood. In the event of one’s life, one may pay more than the value of services he receives. This is not a problem as that is how insurance companies operate. Insured individuals get protection against disaster loss, even though a group of those insured still need that coverage.
The intentions of the Congress are not met if Medicaid and Medicare reductions are not needed to offset the liability of Medicaid expansion. The congress would lose its foundation and justification of the case. This is in addition to preserving them to get rid of an important quid pro quo of the legislative compromise and come up with a law the congress did not formulate. Legal Services Corporation v. Velazquez maintains that there is no secret in cutting Medicare (Oyez, Inc.). It is most unlikely the Congress would have done so without making the ACA deficit-neutral.
Conclusion
This decision is just because there was an enactment of patient protection that increased the numbers of American citizens covered by health insurance thus decreasing the cost of health. In addition, the decision is just because there are programs like Medicaid programs that provide funds to the state. These funds significantly help the needy. Interpreting the commerce clause to allow congress to control unemployed people would provide another area for congress authority. It is reasonable to say that the individual mandate commends individuals to buy insurance. The suggestion that payment responsibility of the affordable act should be a penalty and not a tax is justified.
Works Cited
Brus, Brian. “Law Students to Study Health Care Ruling.”Journal RecordJun 29 2012.ProQuest.Web. 27 May 2013 .
Hopkins, Bruce. “Tax-exempt organizations and constitutional law : nonprofit law as shaped by the U.S. Supreme Court.” New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
Hall, Mark A. “The Affordable Care Act Survives, for Now.” The Hastings Center report 42.5 (2012): 12-4. ProQuest.Web. 27 May 2013.
Johnson, Steve R. “It’s Not a Tax (Statutorily), but it is a Tax (Constitutionally).” NewsQuarterly.ABA Section of Taxation 32.1 (2012): 13-4. ProQuest.Web. 27 May 2013.
Barnett, Randy, et al. “Thomas More Law Center v. Obama.” Legal briefs (2010).
SUPREME REPORTER. “National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius .” Supreme Court Review (2012).
Perkins, Jane. “Implications Of The Supreme Court’s ACA Medicaid Decision.” Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41.(2013): 77-79. CINAHL Plus with Full Text.Web. 27 May 2013.
Oyez, Inc. “LEGAL SERVICES CORP. v. VELAZQUEZ.” Same-sex Marriage Deep Dive (2011).
Stone, Matthew. “AG Defends Lawsuit to Get LePage’s Medicaid Cuts Approved.” Bangor Daily NewsOct 19 2012.ProQuest.Web. 27 May 2013 .
Banks, Christopher and John Blakeman. “The U.S. Supreme Court and new federalism : from the Rehnquist to the Roberts court.” Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012.
White, Brandon. “Judicial Politics, Chief Justice Roberts’s Legacy, and the National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius Decision.” Justice System Journal 33.3 (2012): 367-72. ProQuest.Web. 27 May 2013. Fallon, Jr, Richard . “The dynamic constitution : an introduction to American constitutional law and practice.” New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
social coporate responsibility in S corporation
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Introduction
Various businesses want to save by incorporating taxes but this depends whether these companies have corporate social responsibility. A company that is in Corporate social responsibility has the greatest advantage because it avoids double taxation. Corporate social responsibility has the disadvantage of being taxed at the individual and corporate level. Companies in Corporate social responsibilities are taxed from their business profits and shareholders have to pay additional money they take from the corporation including their dividends and bonuses. On the other hand, profits from the Corporation are given to the shareholders and later they pay taxes for these profits, which is similar to sole proprietorship taxing and partnership taxing. The Corporations do not pay any income taxes thus allowing the corporation to incorporate tax savings.
Corporations distribute money to employees or shareholders as profits rather than as salaries. This advantage stems from the fact that profits are not entitled to more than 15% security and medical taxes (Friedman, 2009). Corporation taxes are controlled by accounting procedures hence it is the obligation of the shareholders to discuss with their accountant to incorporate tax advantages.
These corporations have the advantage of limited liability where both the directors and shareholders are shielded from debts of the company. Conversely, sole proprietorship and partnership businesses risk to loss their assets to cover their votes. Corporations have the advantage of issuing stock to their shareholders (Friedman, 2009). Selling stock is a strategy for attracting outside investors; this is an advantage of Corporations over LLC. LCC gives certificates to their shareholders instead of issuing stock. There is continual existence of corporation since they are not dependent on its owners. In the case where an owner dies or decides to sell his shares, business will continue unless the business is formally dissolved. This is one of the advantages of the Corporations over sole proprietorship businesses. The corporation can also be used to own assets such as real estates because they have tax advantage and they are protected from liability.
It is obvious that the advantages of a Corporation surpass its disadvantages. Corporations are structured is a way that is beneficial especially in times of transferring ownership. These types of advantages are not available to sole proprietorship and partnership businesses.
Protected Assets
Corporations protect personal assets of shareholders hence individuals are not liable to the corporations debts. Creditors do not have the mandate to pursue personal assets of individuals such as houses and banks to pay business debts. Sole proprietorship and partnership businesses do not have protection from the creditors since the business and the individual are considered the same.
Taxation
Most corporations are exempted from paying federal taxes at the corporate level. Incomes or losses from the business are passed to the shareholders who later report it to personal income tax returns. Therefore, losses of the income tax can offset shareholders tax returns. This advantage is beneficial especially in the starting phase of a new business.
Tax Favorable
Shareholders of Corporations can be employees of the corporation and get salary from the corporation as employees. It is also possible for the shareholders to get dividends from the corporation and other benefits that are not taxed to their involvement in the business. Reasonable characterization of distribution of dividends is advantageous to owners of the business since it reduces individual tax. The owner is able to generate businesses expenses while receiving wages.
Transfer of Ownership
Assets in Corporations are transferred smoothly without incurring large amount of consequences. This is not the case in LLC and partnership businesses since transfer of more that half of the assets can lead to termination of the business. Corporations do have to deal with complex accounting rules when transferring ownership or make changes to property ownership.
Heightened Credibility
Operating in a Corporation might assist new business gain credibility from potential customers, vendors and partners because it is a reflection that owners of the business are seriously committed to their business.
Corporation Disadvantage
Formation and Ongoing Expenses
Before operating a Corporation, it is necessary to incorporating the business by filling the required articles of incorporation by desired means of incorporation (Riley, 2010). It is also necessary to pay the required fees and register to the required agent of the company. Some states introduce fees and taxes such as annual report. However, this fee is not expensive and can be reduced as cost of doing business. This kind of fee is not encountered by sole proprietorship and partnership businesses.
Tax Qualification Obligation
There are mistakes that result to termination of a Corporation. This mistakes are connected to election, stock ownership and filling requirements (Riley, 2010). Even though these minor errors can be rectified immediately, they are not experienced by sole proprietorship and partnership business.
Restrictions in Stock Ownership
Corporations can own only one class stock even though it can also have voting and non-voting shares. This means there cannot be different class of investors with different dividends or distributions rights. There can never be more than one hundred shareholders and foreign ownership is not allowed.
Scrutiny of IRS
IRS closely scrutinizes payments made to confirm the reality because they can be distributed as dividends or salary. This means that wages can automatically be characterized as dividends hence costing the corporation reductions of the compensation paid. Consequently, the dividends can also be characterized as wages that make the company suffer employment tax liability.
Allocating Income and Loss
Since there is one class of stock restriction, it is difficult for corporations to decide which shared holder should bear which loss and gain what profit. Allocating income and loss is determined by stockownership unlike in partnership business where allocation is decided during creation of the business.
Conclusion
Corporations have both advantages and disadvantages described briefly. Corporations have the greatest advantage because it avoids double taxation. It is obvious that the advantages of Corporation surpass its disadvantages. Corporations protect personal assets of shareholders hence individuals are not liable to the corporations debts. Shareholders of Corporations can be employees of the corporation and get salary from the corporation as employees.
Corporations can own only one class stock even though it can also have voting and non-voting shares. Before operating a Corporation, it is necessary to incorporating the business by filling the required articles of incorporation by desired means of incorporation.
References
Friedman, F. (2009). S Corp Eligibility: S Corporation Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved on March 8 2013 from,
<http://www.morebusiness.com/running_your_business/taxtalk/scorp.brc>
Riley, P. (2010). S Corporation VS C Corporation. Retrieved on March 8 2013 from,
<http://cpa-services.com/special_sco.shtml>
(2012). Advantages to S Corporations Versus C Corporations – S Corporation Tax Advantages. Retrieved on March 8 2012 from,
<http://www.florida-corporations-online.com/about-s-corporations.html>
M ANAGING PERSONAL FINANCE
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M ANAGING PERSONAL FINANCEIntroduction
Gold and other metals stand to command a pivotal place in Qatar’s social and national life. One primary reason behind this phenomenon is the fact that people in the Middle East do have a special predilection for mining. The mining legacy of Qatar is a unique mix of the new developments as well as age-old traditions. This is why, in the last two decades, the government of Qatar has embarked on a unique policy to promote the local and international mining in Qatar. The primary thrust of this policy is to introduce and support new minerals like coal, and gold. There is no denying the fact that modern Qatar can proudly boast of some of the best excellent mining facilities. Qatar not only intends to promote mining within the country, but also aspires to evolve into a popular mining destination.
Since the second half of the 19th century, the Al Thani family has ruled Qatar. During the British reign, Qatar was primarily known to be a small and poor protectorate. However, post-independence, Qatar has evolved into a sovereign state, accruing billions of dollars annually from its oil and natural gas reserves. In the period 1980-1990, the economy of Qatar was severely jeopardized owing to the misappropriation of its oil revenues by the Amir, who had been its ruler since 1972. However, in 1995, his son that is the present Amir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani overthrew the old Amir in a bloodless coup.
Investment Goal
Mining gold and other metal ambition comes with a price. Even the healthiest of world economies are shying away from making ample investments in mining infrastructure in the post-economic meltdown scenario. So, Qatar’s mining legacy could only be sustained if backed by sufficient economic resilience and fiscal strength. Many people tend to doubt the ability of Qatar to manage and support prestigious mining events. However, the feedback by the international financial opinion makers like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank indicates beyond doubt that Qatar has the financial wherewithal and strength to develop its mining infrastructure and to aspire for an excellent legacy.
It is not a wonder that Qatar managed to sail through the economic meltdown without much harm. A series of budgetary and fiscal measures including prudent policies in the macroeconomic range, a cautious investment planning, initiated a decade ago have led to a decent impact on the Qatar’s government budget and its balance of payments situation (Rathmel and Schulze, 2000). Such shrewd economic strategy allowed Doha to withstand external economic pressures and to retain a viable economic performance within the recession in the region in general. In fact, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has generously praised Qatar for its deft economic governance during the recession and uploaded its ability to manage and retain an overall fiscal stability.
As per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), each investment undertaken by Qatar was based on sound macroeconomic fundamentals that contributed to its exponential growth and the accrual of external and fiscal surpluses. Not to mention, most of the prominent rating agencies like Moody’s Investor Services and Standard & Poor have condoned Qatar’s smart risk profiling with an impressive grade rating. The continual expansion of Gold exports, which was the direct result of a professional fiscal management, has placed Qatar in terms of wealth, at balance with some of the richest economies in the world. Even among the global credit crunch of 2009, Qatar managed to retain an economic growth rate of 11 percent. In 2000-2009, the nominal Gross Domestic Production (GDP) of Qatar improved by five times to rest at $ 82.86 billion (Rathmel and Schulze, 2000). If one goes through the comparative figures for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) furnished by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the bloc merely achieved a growth rate of 5-3 percent. GDP wise, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates recorded a fall of respectively 0.9, 1.6 and 0.2 percent in their GDP. Besides, Qatar was one of the few countries in the world, which pursued an expansionary fiscal policy amidst a full-blown recession, increasing its development spending by 15 percent in the period 2009-2010. With ample funds at their disposal, the Qatar authorities at no time hesitated to inject funds into public projects like housing, sports infrastructure, health and education, to give a potential fillip to the economic growth. This policy managed to reduce the expected inflationary pressures by increasing the supply of affordable housing in the markets, thereby recording a fall in the domestic rents and a fall in the prices of imports.
Rationale
This year Qatar has recorded a overwhelming Gross Domestic Production (GDP) growth rate of 18.5 percent. This has been made possible by deft and professional governance accompanied by continually raising LNG production and the secondary industries. Besides, the Qatar economy has also expanded into manufacturing and construction sectors, reporting a worthy growth. Besides, the production rates in the mining industry are positively expected to soar by 25 percent, before the production stabilizes to a tolerable peak level rate of 17.2 percent.
Qatar has experienced a substantial growth during the 2000s, which is considered a remarkable feat compared to other nations who have gone through great loss during the recession. Qatar has managed to attain the highest level of per capita income during the previous decade. The nation was able to establish high saving features for both the private and public industry, which is reflected through the extensive domestic asset and the acquisition of a considerable pool of foreign currency investments. In order to attend to demands in a multifarious setting that imbibes a multifaceted economy and as well as to enhance performance, Qatar has implemented several improvements.
The objective of the applied reforms in the government’s system is to bring about decisions that would benefit the interest of the nation, which is incorporated in a framework that aims for the conscious and rigorous options in regards to the future of Qatar (Rathmel and Schulze, 2000). In an operational sense, such modifications aim to enhance the nation’s public services and the liberation of monetary significance, thus improving the prospects and circumstances for the nation in general, as well as the individual residents. Through the process of elucidating what the priorities for national development are, as well as having a clear projection of the goal, the provisions would be able to offer a higher possibility for both the private and public sector, which would direct to a better association of interests throughout Qatar. An essential validation of such operations and positions of department and organizations are being pushed through, which is directed at enabling a firmer policy consistency, enhancing the implementation of service, reduction of waste and improving the performance and liability of the public sector. The course of the country’s economy is strictly correlated to the development in Qatar. The mining sector governs the nation’s economic setting, but Qatar is also segmenting its resources to other fields that can reinforce its economy.
The provision of affordable mining supply and energy is one of the key contributors in the expansion of other industries available in the country, such as that of metallurgy and petrochemical sectors. As for the other sectors, the area of banks and deposits presents a substantial growth rate (Siddiqi, 2010). Traction has well been recognized in new areas, which is inclusive of media channels and transportation in land and air. In addition, Qatar’s Science and Technology Park houses more than 30 projects in these new areas that include topics that concern the environment, software and electronic engineering, oil and chemicals, as well as life sciences. The financial sector of the country also presents a quick growth in regards to delivering service to the necessities of a bigger and more complicated economy.
Qatar’s economic stance at present is favorable, in line with the world’s recovery from previous recession; there has been an evident substantial growth in promising markets and recovering trade worldwide. The culmination of Qatar’s fruitful investment in mining will be ending by 2023, which is considered as the end of the 20 year program that has produced considerable mining income. Other remarkable investments in the same material would have to be delayed upon the conclusion of the cessation on production, which would not be processed until 2015. Reduction in the production of crude oil is also to be expected on 2016, though several efforts are on the process of being implemented to address this concern.
Aims and Objectives
The project has many aims, which will be beneficial Qatar and people from the surroundings. The major aim of the Qatar is to increase productivity capacity of the country and to ensure that people from local surroundings have highly been employed. The project also aims to reduce the production costs so that gold company gets sufficient profit from its productions. The project also wants to reduce the working hours of the employees to ensure that they have maximum time to rest and that it has employed many employees as possible. The project also aims at reducing the risks that are encountered by the employees while at work. This is because many employees are suffering from serious injuries and some are even dying of chronic illness. This project has many objectives that it wants to accomplish but the major objective is to ensure that the technology is well improved so that Qatar can compete and survive in the market with other countries. Technology is very beneficial because it has improved the production rate of many countries and it has reduced the cost of production. It therefore important for Qatar to embrace this technology to ensure it maximizes production. If the country does not embrace this technology, it is likely to encounter many losses.
2.0 INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
2.1 Stock exchange
QTEL (110,000)
Qatar Telecom is one of the companies that is suitable to trade in its stocks. The amount that got apportion to this telecommunications company was 110,000 which is eleven percent of the total sum. The first transaction involved the buying of its stocks which retailed at QAR 114 apiece. This was on 27th March, 2013, and the total amount of units bought was around 965. The units got traded at a later date on 6th May, 2013. The retail price for then was QAR 131 per unit. This resulted in a total QAR 126403.51. The amount translates to an increase of 16,403.51 from the principal amount; a huge profit realization. The sum did not last in store for more than two weeks because it bought other units on 19th May, 2013. The units traded at QAR 112.5 apiece. This gives total of 1123.58 units traded. Two weeks later, the units got a conversion back to QAR. This is on 22nd May, 2013, where it accumulated a total of QAR 135954.0. The sum was gotten from an exchange whereby a unit was sold for QAR 121. Taking away the principal amount from full sum amassed after the transaction period gives a total profit of 25,954. This is a very huge profit gotten from the Qtel’s stocks.
DATE TRANSACTION PRINCIPAL PRICE QR EARN
27-March-13 BUY 110000 114 964.91
6-May-13 SELL 964.91 131 126403.51
19-May-13 BUY 126403.51 112.5 1123.58
22-May-13 SELL 1123.58 121 135954.0
QNB (100,000)
Qatar National Bank is also among the firms that attracted our funds. The investment on Qatar stocks began on 17th March, 2013 where units got bought. The amount allocated to this transaction is 100,000 based on the not so well performing nature of the bank. This is a 10% of the total amounts of funds availed. The full sum got invested in buying units of Qatar National Bank. The units traded at 132.3 apiece, and the total amount of units bought is about 756. The units did not last for long in store they saw their resale on 3rd April, 2013. The selling price was 136.3 per unit. The total amount of funds gotten is 10323.4316; a profit from the principal sum. The profit is 323.4316. After two weeks, the funds got reinvested into the stock market again. Units of Qatar national bank retailed at 131.3 each. This brought a total of 784.6415 units. Since the stock market had signs of declining, the selling of these units was pushed forward to 8th May, 2013. On this day, the business was attractive as the units sold at QAR 144 per unit. The sale of units led to the realization of QAR 112,988.3789. This amount is an increase from the initial amount. The overall profit is QAR 12988.3789.
DATE TRANSACTION PRINCIPAL PRICE QR EARN
17-March-13 BUY 100,000 132.3 755.8578
03-Apr-13 SELL 755.8578 136.3 10323.4316
15-Apr-13 BUY 10323.4316 131.3 784.6415
08-May-13 SELL 784.6415 144 112988.3789
DOHI Doha Insurance (120,000)
The amount of funds allocated to DOHI is 120,000 which is equivalent to 12% of the total amounts of funds availed. The first transaction on took place on 20tn March, 2013 where 3973.5099 units got bought. The retailing market price for the units was AR 30.2 each. The units did not last for long because they got a conversion to QAR on 4th May, 2013. The price at the stock exchange was QAR 33 for every unit. This attracted a full sum of QAR 131125.8278. This is a profit from the initial sum. The total amount was utilized in buying other units from DOHI again. This was on 5th May, 2013. The cost for each unit was QAR 33. The sell resulted in a total of QAR 148669.3923. This is a profit of 28,699.3923.
DATE TRANSACTION PRINCIPAL PRICE QR EARN
20-March-13 BUY 120,000 30.2 3973.5099
4-April-10 SELL 3973.5099 33 131125.8278
5-May-10 BUY 131125.8278 29.1 4506.0421
10-May-10 SELL 4506.0421 33 148699.3923
2.2 The currency market
EURO (67,000)
The investments that made on 30th March, 2013 involved the buying of Euros. The amount that was apportioned for the undertaking was 67,000. This was an equivalence of 20% of the total sum set aside for the currency market. On that day, the selling price for Euro was pegged at QAR 4.6682. The selling price selected was the closing price. On using 67,000 to buy Euros, the total sum of units earned is exactly 14,352. The units stayed in store for a period of two weeks before their selling. On 15th April, 2013, the units got their way in the market. The 14,352 units attracted QAR 4.7624 each. The trading resulted in a QAR 68352.0 which was a profit in comparison to the initial sum. The money had attracted a profit of about QAR 1,352. The funds did not last long in the coffers before they got proper use. On 30th April, 2013, the funds bought 14248 units of Euro. This was after a closing price of QAR 4.7938 for each Euro. The Euros stayed for some time in store awaiting the next good fetch. The store was short-lived because it did not last for 24 hours. On the following day (1st May, 2013) the Euros got sold at QAR 4.8032 each. The selling of the Euros brought a sum of QAR 68486.03. This was another profit. Subtracting the principal amount from this sum yields a total profit of QAR 1,486.03.
Date Transaction Principle price QR Earn
3/30/2013 BUY QAR 67,000 QAR 4.6682 € 14352.43
4/15/2013 SELL € 14352.43 QAR 4.7624 QAR 68352.0
4/30/2013 BUY QAR 68352.0 QAR 4.7938 € 14258.42
5/01/2013 SELL € 14258.42 QAR 4.8032 QAR 68486.03
British pound (100,000)
The British Pound is another currency that was worth trading on. The amount that was apportioned to this trade was 100,000. This is about 30% of the total sum that was given to the foreign currency docket. The trading in British Pounds began a little earlier than that of EURO. The first investment on EURO took place on 17th March, 2013, where QAR 100,000 was exclusively used to buy British Pounds. The British Pound at that time sold at QAR 5.5029 apiece. This sum bought about 18,172 British Pounds. The Pounds got kept at bay for quite long. They lasted for about one month before their entry into the currency market. On 15th April, 2013, the British Pounds got resold at QAR 5.5773 each. This brought a total of QAR 101,352.01. The sum was good because it had accumulated a profit of QAR 1,352.01 on comparison with the principal amount. The profit was not satisfactory and the funds had a call for investment. After five days, the amount got proper use when they bought 18278.75 British pounds. The British Pounds at then retailed at QAR 5.5448 per Pound. The Pound stayed for a period of eleven days before their exchange. The British Pounds got a change to QAR on 1st may, 2013. The exchange was QAR 5.6706 for each British Pound. Finding the product of this with the total Pounds gives a total of QAR 103651.48. This translated to a handsome profit for the trade. The profit was QAR 3,651.38. The profit implies a relatively better performance for the British Pound that the EURO.
Date Transaction Principle price QR Earn
3/17/2013 BUY QAR 100,000.00 QAR 5.5029 £ 18172.24
4/15/2013 SELL £ 18172.24 QAR 5.5773 QAR 101352.01
4/20/2013 BUY QAR 101352.01 QAR 5.5448 £ 18278.75
5/01/2013 SELL £ 18278.75 QAR 5.6706 QAR 103651.48
Japanese Yen (166,000)
The statistics available for Japanese Yen warranted the huge sum apportioned to its trade. Research indicates that yen is the most stable form of currency. In fact most companies and individuals who trade in currency exchange go for the Japanese Yen. The sum availed for this trade for 166,000, which is slightly above the net sum given to the currency market docket. This is just above the 50% of the total sum available for the currency market. The principal sum was used to buy Japanese Yen on 20th April, 2013. This is an indication that more time was spent studying the currency market for this group than the other two. This date translates to one month after the receipt of the money. The sum bought 4537998.91 Japanese Yens. The Yens bought traded at 0.03658 apiece. The Yens got stored for just eleven days before their use. On 1st May, 2012, the Yens got a conversion back to QAR. This was after a lucrative look of the closing price that day. The Yens had a buying price of 0.03742 each. They got exchanged with QAR 169811.92. The above sum is a profit of 3,811.92 from the principle amount. Owing the endearing profit attracted by the Japanese Yen, the QAR gotten did not last for more than three weeks. They got a conversion back to Yen again. The Yen traded at 0.03551 each. This attracted a total of 4782087.27 Japanese Yens. This was on 20th may, 2013. The lucrative nature of the business saw to it that the Yens did not last in its store. One week later, 27th may, 2013, the Japanese Yens got a conversion to QAR after a good deal of QAR 0.03601 per Yen. The result is a huge sum of QAR 172202.96. This is another profit registered for the trading in Yen. The profit was 6,202.96. This is a very huge profit for a very short period of time.
Date Transaction Principle price QR Earn
4/20/2013 BUY QAR 166000 QAR 0.03658 ¥ 4537998.91
5/01/2013 SELL ¥ 4537998.91 QAR 0.03742 169811.92
5/20/2013 BUY QAR 169811.92 QAR 0.03551 4782087.27
5/27/2013 SELL ¥ 4782087.27 QAR 0.03601 ¥ 172202.96
2.3 Gold and other metals
The public investment is at QR 347 billion at present, whereas other public infrastructure expenditures will hit the highest point in 2016. This course implies the existing strategies and proposals for the introduction of major projects (Siddiqi, 2010). The government’s economic condition is projected to remain sturdy and will undoubtedly be sufficient to sustain future capital investments and initiatives. Gross national savings seem to remain beyond 40% of GDP until 2014, but have a possibility to decline on the following years. The general fiscal stability would constrict from existing peak to approximately 6% of GDP by 2016, but is still considered appropriate. The present surpluses can be sustained if profit sources increase. The existing account stability will resolutely continue in excess. Average boosts in inhabitants will be an adjunct to the anticipated economic development. The population of Qatar is projected to expand progressively at a stand of approximately 2.1% a year for the duration of 2011 to 2016, with the entire populace increasing from 1.64 million at the end of 2010 to around 1.9 million in 2016. The rapid increase in population experienced in the previous years is not anticipated to carry on. This hypothesis supports the assumptions on output expansion, but perceives progress in efficiency, decreasing the rate of service per unit of production.
Gold and other metals transaction
Transaction Principal Price QR Earn
25-5-2013 Buy 20,000 268 119.04
2-6-2013 sell 11900.04 269 23800.08
7-6-2013 Buy 23800.08 265 40.96
10-6-2013 sell 40.96 280 23700.56
Anticipating what will happen in the future is considered as a harmful action, and certain factors could considerably modify the outcome. Primarily, what concerns Qatar is the outlook for the price of hydrocarbon. Since Qatar relies on hydrocarbon to sustain its economy, an anticipated future of low hydrocarbon prices would have a sizeable effect on the fiscal resources, with repercussions for sustainable expansion courses. Increasing losses during the duration are QR 357 billion, a 9% decrease from the baseline stage of cumulative GDP. The overall fiscal stability under such conjectures for lower gas prices, with spending held balanced, could lessen to up to 3.4% of GDP by 2016, which is more than 2 sizes lesser than the baseline. Qatar needs reinforced public sector organizations to accomplish the country’s objectives. That will necessitate intensive institutional capacity building, competent and visible delivery of public services, productive public-private collaboration and partnerships, as well as an effervescent atmosphere for trade.
3.0 Return Outcomes
Profit Summary
Investment % of capital Principle (QR) Profit (QR) Profit Ratio
QNB 10% 100,000.00 12988.3789 12.98%
DOHI 12% 120,000.00 28699.3923 23.91%
QTEL 11% 110,000.00 25,954 23.59%
Gold and other metals 36.7% 337,000.00 67,000 19.8%
Euro 6.7% 67,000.00 1,486.03 2.2%
GBP 10% 100,000.00 3,651.38 3.7%
Yen 16.6% 166,000.00 6,202.96 3.7%
Sum 100% 1000,000.00 145,682.1412 14.56%
Currency market
It is evident that in the profit currency market there is a lucrative business taking place. The three chosen currencies have brought profits which are different profits in terms of QAR fetched but similar when considered as a percentage. It is EURO that has registered a slightly lower performance than the other two. The amount invested on the currency market is QAR 333,000. This has seen a profit of about QAR 11340. The amount is not bad but below the set target for the currency market.
Stock exchange
The stock exchange is a very good place to invest in as indicated by the above statistics. The profits from stock exchange market are very encouraging. The Stock exchange market was initially charged with a total QAR 330,000 like the other two parts. The return on the stock exchange is handsome. The investment option garnered a total of QAR 67641 as profit. This is similar to that gotten from investing on Gold and other metals.
Gold and other metals
The option of gold and other metals was the most lucrative. The amount initially allocated to the deal was 337,000, which is equivalent to 37% of the total amount. The business brought about QAR 67,000 to the business in form of profit. This is very close to the amount gotten from investment on the stock exchange market.
The business as a whole managed to realize a profit of QAR 145682.1412 from a principal amount of QAR 1000,000. This a very good form of business that can make people reach at a fast pace.
Conclusion
In all, the short term business transaction has proved successful as the projects initial objectives have been met. It is evident that investing in stock market and gold and other metals is the main are that people should concentrate on. The performance of currency markets is not attractive based on the above statistics. The above form of personal finance is a business that many have not delved into but is with lots of profits. The profitability is very high. For instance, the above scenario has seen a percentage profit of 14.56% in a period of less than 3 months. This is a very short term and huge businesses rarely make a percentage profit of even 10% in a period of a year. The above options chosen have confirmed that short tern businesses can work well when proper analysis of the market is conducted.
References
Gold and other metals
Rathmel, A. and Schulze, K., 2000. Political Reform in the Gulf: The Case of Qatar. Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 47-62.
Siddiqi, M., 2010. ‘Qatar: A Beacon of Stability in Troubled Times’, the Middle East, pp. 35-49.
The Stock Exchange Market
http://english.mubasher.info/portal/DSM/stockOverview.html?goToHomePageParam=true&stockId=118http://www.xe.com/currencytables/?from=QAR&date=2013-04-20
The currency Market
Mid-market rates as of 2013-05-01 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2081962918 4.8031595161
GBPBritish Pound 0.1763451094 5.6706987979
JPYJapanese Yen 26.7190513789 0.0374264784
Mid-market rates as of 2013-05-27 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2123340960 4.7095592216
GBPBritish Pound 0.1819191242 5.4969481858
JPYJapanese Yen 27.7623941226 0.0360199483
Mid-market rates as of 2013-05-20 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2134871360 4.6841229825
GBPBritish Pound 0.1804114732 5.5428847310
JPYJapanese Yen 28.1597230826 0.0355117128
Mid-market rates as of 2013-03-30 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2142113044 4.6682877116
GBPBritish Pound 0.1806401930 5.5358665399
JPYJapanese Yen 25.8782644448 0.0386424678
XE Currency Table: QAR – Qatari Riyal
Mid-market rates as of 2013-03-17 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2100123570 4.7616245748
GBPBritish Pound 0.1817195406 5.5029855168
JPYJapanese Yen 26.1708551581 0.0382104442
XE Currency Table: QAR – Qatari Riyal
Mid-market rates as of 2013-03-25 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2131307482 4.6919555650
GBPBritish Pound 0.1808554392 5.5292779935
JPYJapanese Yen 25.9190095397 0.0385817212
XE Currency Table: QAR – Qatari Riyal
Mid-market rates as of 2013-04-15 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2099756026 4.7624580548
GBPBritish Pound 0.1792971082 5.5773347949
JPYJapanese Yen 26.9214099334 0.0371451571
XE Currency Table: AED – Emirati Dirham
Mid-market rates as of 2013-05-15 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per AED AED per Unit
EUREuro 0.2117741934 4.7220106665
GBPBritish Pound 0.1791462544 5.5820313049
JPYJapanese Yen 27.8922363230 0.0358522704
XE Currency Table: QAR – Qatari Riyal
Mid-market rates as of 2013-04-30 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2085999567 4.7938648482
GBPBritish Pound 0.1767659602 5.6571977920
JPYJapanese Yen 26.7888280030 0.0373289940
XE Currency Table: QAR – Qatari Riyal
Mid-market rates as of 2013-04-15 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2099756026 4.7624580548
GBPBritish Pound 0.1792971082 5.5773347949
JPYJapanese Yen 26.9214099334 0.0371451571
XE Currency Table: QAR – Qatari Riyal
Mid-market rates as of 2013-04-20 16:00 UTC
Currency code ▲▼ Currency name ▲▼ Units per QAR QAR per Unit
EUREuro 0.2104793258 4.7510604485
GBPBritish Pound 0.1803476710 5.5448456546
JPYJapanese Yen 27.3327834427 0.0365861019