Recent orders
Judicial Reform for Juveniles
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Judicial Reform for Juveniles
Recently, Cyntonia Brown who had been convicted of murder at the age of 16 was granted clemency by the Tennessee governor and will be released from prison. She had been sentenced to serve 51 years and while giving her the parole, the Governor noted that her sentence may have been too harsh. Brown’s case has garnered a lot of national attention especially on the judicial reforms needed. More often than not, teenagers commit certain crimes that get them really long sentences that they may actually miss their teen years in a world full of freedom. There are several criminal justice reform advocates that have pointed out concern to judgments and sentences granted to teenagers bearing in mind most are not often completely developed and their actions may have been influenced by certain aspects of their life unlike an adult who may clearly understand what he/she is doing.
Brown’s case where she killed a man who wanted to have sex because she felt unsafe is a case where at times sentencing may be too harsh. Brown was a victim of human trafficking and on that said day, her boss referred to as “cut throat” had sent her to the streets to get him money. She had been living with “cut throat” for a while after having to escape from her home a clear indication she was a troubled child. The US judicial system seems too often punish offenders although I believe this should not be the case and while sentencing decisions are made the aim should be rehabilitation. Although we cannot justify Brown’s killing of Allen, I agree with Governor Haslam that the sentencing was too severe for a girl who was just in her teenage years and was a victim of a manipulative drug dealer who had turned her to a prostitute (Mattise, 2019).
According to a report by the Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention, hundreds of thousands of young girls are often arrested. There have been reports of the dangers these young girls may face while in prison. There have been reports of sexual assault if these young girls especially by the staff members. States that are worst affected by these cases include Ohio, Georgia, South Carolina and Illinois. When most teenage girls are sentenced to these prisons, they are often defenseless and look up to the prison law enforcers for protection. However, some these officers are taking advantage of these young girls probably because they know they may get easily scared and they have no one to run to. There should be measures put in place to ensure these acts do not happen in the prisons. According to research more than 80% of girls in the juvenile system have at one point experienced violence in their home. Most of these girls are often victims of abuse at home or trafficking (Gwynne, 2015). Some young girls have been sentenced for running away and most of the time they are often running from their abusers.
One concern from the case is placing of teenager especially those at 16 in adult prisons. It is sad that a 16-year-old is placed in a cell with individuals over 30 years’ old that have also committed serious crime. A person at the age of sixteen is still a child trying to figure out their life unlike a full grown adult. Most have argued that 16-year olds are little adults but we need to embrace the fact that these are still children and should be placed in juvenile cells. Rehabilitation in juvenile prisons is far much better than in an adult prison and this is evident in the case of The Central Park Five. Korey wise who was 16-years old and sent to adult prison had the most trauma than the rest who were sent to juvenile prison. In a juvenile prison a teenage girl may be accorded education and better amenities. There are states that still send teens to adult prisons for committing certain crimes such as murder and sexual offences. Despite the fact that the offences may be serious, the teenagers ae still young children who may not get the proper guidance in an adult orison as compared to a juvenile system (Ford, 2019).
Prison system are meant to help victims in rehabilitation and not to condemn them. Most teenagers who commit a crime at a young age are often victims or violence, made decisions without really understanding the consequences or have been misguided by an adult. In passing sentences to such cases a lot should be considered including number of years they can serve. Brown was to serve for 51 years before getting a parole meaning without the governor’s mercy she may have remained in prison till she was 67. All juvenile sentencing should be allowed parole hearing after a reasonable period and sentencing should also be fair.
References
Ford, C. (2019, August 30). ‘Children Are Different:’ Sentencing Juveniles as Adults. Retrieved from https://pulitzercenter.org/blog/children-are-different-sentencing-juveniles-adults.Gwynne, K. (2015, September 29).
Girls in juvenile detention are often the victims of family violence, report finds. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/sep/29/girls-us-juvenile-detention-family-violence-sexual-abuse.
Mattise, J. (2019, January 8). Correction: Teen-Life Sentence-Clemency story. (2019, January 8). Retrieved from https://apnews.com/199ec93abff34bf2a6c79b0ec385419b.
Travel Article
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Purpose and Audience
Purpose can be termed as the writer’s or author’s intention/target when writing an article for a particular audience. Purpose is normally brought out in articles when the writer wants the reader to see what he saw, feel what he felt, and hear what he heard among other targets. Audience refers to the final consumers of the art or work by various authors. The audience can take many forms; a single person, general audience and group audience. This article demonstrates the understanding of audience and purpose through the development of ideas, language features and structures by making links between them. It does so by narrating a short story about teenage friendship which commands attention in its use of imagery, explanations, analyses, explorations, critique, details, examples and a range of viewpoints CITATION Bry09 l 1033 (Bryan Station High School, 2009).
Friendship is always there but we do not go for it. It is God-given and many still take it for granted. A time comes, which comes, but rarely in history to forget the past and focus on the new. It was cold in Sue and the dark came very early. The fluorescent lights came and the streets became pleasant by their look through the windows. There was much play hanging outside the shops as children ran about. Snow powdered the feathers of birds, chicken and the fur of foxes. The wind blew their tails and turned their feathers. At the same period, Linda and I were going through thick and thin in our gradually blossoming friendship. Initially, the friendship had suffered a fracture when her parents discovered the secrete love affair between the two of us. Linda faced deadly threats from her parents. She was ordered to cast her dreams of ever being with me into the abyss. This brought a halt to our relationship and we stopped seeing each other for almost a month. It was not until this beautiful Sunday that we realized that we could never avoid suppressing the burning desire deep inside our hearts; the desire to be together was more than the need for our lives. Do ideal relationships take such a course? People who truly love each other go to the extent of dying for each other CITATION Tee13 l 1033 (Teena, 2013). Was I ready for this?
I must admit that the church hall was out of bounds by six o’clock in evening. At the gate to the church, a woman sold roasted chestnuts, and there we met every evening and were very polite and interested in what was the matter, and sat on the concrete slab there that was to bind our differences together. It was warm standing in front of the charcoal fire and the chestnuts were warm afterwards in the stomach. Linda was very young and very beautiful. Her love was the only thing I could kill for. She defined the meaning for love to me and I could not refuse to do anything for her even if it meant wrestling with an angel. Such promises usually come with friendship commitments. Many relationships are kept alive by the promises that the partners have in store for each other. It is hard to come by relationships that are devoid of promises. This was normal for our relationship CITATION Alo13 l 1033 (Alonna, 2013).
On this Sunday evening, a hush fell over Sue’s church hall. Linda and I were the only people present there. The eloquence silence in the church’s vicinity was one that could only be heard by the dead. As we sat with Linda on a wooden bench trying to mutually exchange our feelings for each other, something terrible happened. It was the turning point of my life. Linda began complaining about a headache then followed by other myriad problems that I could not decipher. Unable to make a decision on what to do, I resorted to wailing just to awaken help from nearby homesteads. Linda was quickly rushed to the hospital and I was arrested for interrogation. Seriously speaking, what could you have done? The only option, I think, is to suffer the same fate as mine CITATION Bri13 l 1033 (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2013).
Immediately after my arrest, Linda’s parents were breathing down my neck. They could not tolerate my innocent pleas. They were determined to have me jailed so as to ensure that their daughter was out of danger. They had warned me severally against associating with their daughter. The reason why they could not believe in my innocence was Linda’s condition. She had succumbed to a coma and could neither speak nor talk. My parents fought tirelessly to soften the enmity that had grown so big as a result of my connection with Linda’s state of the mind. Their struggle was all in vain as Linda’s parents could settle at nothing other than seeing me spend days behind bars until the doctors could say something better concerning Linda’s fate. Moreover, the only way I could be released was through Linda’s gain of consciousness and an utter of no harm from me.
After a week, Linda was able to regain her mental faculties. However, she could not tell anything about her admission to the hospital. Doctors only said that traces of pneumonia were present in a close scrutiny of her blood. This served to tighten the grip that her parents had on my detainment. The turning point of my life came when Linda asked about my whereabouts and demanded that I be availed in the ward she had been admitted. This was the most trying moments in my life because she wanted to see no one else except me. When I reached there, our faces graced each other happily. She could not help but fall for my ever positive expression. She let out a charming grin that led me to spoil for a hug from her. I reached out for her slender beautiful arms which were eagerly waiting to for their perfect partners. As we hugged one another with lots of relief, she muttered what seemed impossible to me, “I will stick by you forever”. The mention of forever did not hit me because reflecting on the past experiences we had come through with her could not exude any form of hope in me. Critically speaking, after such frustrations, no one would still have urge of keeping such a relationship CITATION The12 l 1033 (The Writing Center, University of California, 2012).
The paper has demonstrated the understanding of audience and purpose in its narration of a short story. The story has enshrined a lot of stylistic devices which serves to command attention from the audience and maintains their interest through suspense. Imagery is a common device with that spans the structure of the narrative. Most importantly, the paper has developed ideas and made links between them throughout the paper by use of a short story that describes teenage friendship.
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY Alonna, S. (2013). Arts and Culture. My Destination .
British Broadcasting Corporation. (2013). Theb influence of Style, Purpose and Audience on Text. English .
Bryan Station High School. (2009). Author’s Purpose and Exercises. Purpose and Audience Powerpoint .
Teena, M. (2013). Imagery Surruonds You. Love Toknow .
The Writing Center, University of California. (2012). Audience. The Writing Center .
Jared Diamond (born on September 10, 1937) is an American geographer
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Book Review
Jared Diamond (born on September 10, 1937) is an American geographer, a student of history, anthropologist, and writer most famous for his well-known science books. Initially trained in physiology, Diamond is known for drawing from an assortment of fields, including humanities, nature, geology, and evolution science. He is also a teacher of physiology at the UCLA Institute of Medication. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies is a nonfiction book by Jared Diamond.
Guns, Germs, and Steel won awards in 1998 for presenting a more logical clarification on ethnic and cultural variances in ancient human societies to date. A genuine and convincing assessment concerning the explanations behind the nature of select cultures thriving since humanity’s evolution. This book is also considered massively open to the layman. The book is distinguished overwhelmingly in the fields of evolution science, and biogeography represents a prompt clarification for the different grouping of human fate that is satisfactorily kept up by data from various disciplines of scientific investigation.
Maybe the most astonishing accomplishment Guns, Germs, and Steel achieve that of giving a ceaselessly amazing clarification for ethnic and racial complexities than can biased individual hypotheses of humankind’s history. The scope of the book is extensive coverage from the earliest civilizations from thirteen thousand years ago till today over the whole world. While no single landmass or society is recommended, its most essential depth, Australia and nearby regions as the most significant extent of the investigation. Since Diamond experienced more years in these areas, he can provide a genuine assessment. Diamond’s remarkable ability to portray to the world in the small details helped make making his hypothesis of history tasteful to the overall pursuer.
The central topic Diamond focuses on is how did the Europeans manage to colonize the majority of the world, including Local Americans, Africans, and Native Australians rather than the vice-versa. The fitting response, as indicated by the author, lies with fundamental approaches of distinct conditions from which diverse societies rose—arguing that sustainable food creation is essential for a general populace to manage other people to expertise in different sectors. Likewise, the community would achieve more prominent individuals that provide military assistance, especially by massive numbers in times of war.
Diamond explains the effects of the uneven spreading of domesticable plants and livestock around the globe. The subsequent approach of parts affected the changing pace of spread and improvement on the knowledge in various landmasses. Eurasia, with its strategic location and ample land and ecological regions, saw a far sharper speed of the spread of arranged sustenance sources, conditions, and advances than did Africa and the Americas, with their more remote locations. The third factor affected disperse, and improvement between landscapes; the moving degrees of detachment between continents have impressively influenced the development rates. What’s more, another difference in the sections, include contrasts in the area and population density between the societies. It impacts the probability that civilization would invent and handle inventions or be incorporated by their neighbors (Diamond 20).
The “guns, germs, and steel” title of the proposed weapons, illnesses, and advances, whose improvement and spread are subject to the four blueprints of components Diamond follows. They are the basic models that explain the book. At the base of Diamond’s pyramidal question is large-scale food production and storage. He acts as a brilliant watchman for history being driven by natural possibility elements of geography, a record of inequitable distribution of resources.
Along with scientific research carried out in certain regions, Diamond also cites several historical writings. However, some of them are not extremely reliable as individual stories appear exaggerated. He relies on outside sources for areas he was unable to perform data collection. Still, the book focuses on Australia and New Zealand, areas where more research was conducted. Diamond manages to explain why specific populations in other regions succeeded and multiplied while others were completely wiped out. He included ecological factors along with the spread of information and proximity to other civilizations as significant factors.
The book is relevant to me in explaining different factors as to how many dynasties came to power. Additionally, it gives an appealing history lesson on the evolution of civilizations and cultures up to what they are today. Also, a lot of research has been put into the works of Diamond. Many scholars use his text to conduct research in their area of expertise and see if there is any correlation between data. His work is famous in the fields of geography and geology concerning history.
The theory explained in the book is well defined, in my opinion. Diamond can elaborate on many different reasons the Eurasians were able to thrive. The language is also simple enough for any laymen to understand the information provided. His argument is against the belief that certain peoples or races are superior genetically to others. Guns, Germs, and Steel will appeal to anybody intrigued by the documentation of man since the early civilizations. This book is recommended for people interested in the history of humankind.
Works Cited
Diamond, Jared M. “Guns, germs, and steel: the fates of human societies.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 43.4 (2000): 609.