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New Technology and the End of Jobs
Man versus Machine in the Workplace:
Investigating the role of Artificial Intelligence in the Increasing Levels of Unemployment
Course
Date
Proposed Research Topic:
New Technology and the End of Jobs
Human beings are slowly being replaced with machines in almost every sector as well as industry by technology revolution. Many people are getting eliminated from their jobs permanently as the work category and job assignments continue to sink even further. Jobs are also being restructured and others are disappearing because of the continuous adoption of technology. There is continued unemployment and according to findings, global unemployment is at its record high since the great depression back in 1930s. An estimated 800 million people are un employed and this figure could even rise further. Millions of graduates who are hopeful for employment opportunities, who are continually entering the work force are continually finding themselves jobless. It is now clear that the rising figures of unemployment indicates a short term adjustment to a market so powerful and powerfully driven by forces that drive the global economy towards a new direction. The global market is looking forward towards an exciting world of high tech automated production, abundant materials that are unprecedented, and booming world commerce. In the US alone it is estimated that 2 million people are being eliminated annually from their jobs by corporations. In return the jobs that are created are low paying low sector jobs. The worrying factor is that this transition is all over the world. Even the developing nations are increasingly eliminating employees with built state of art which tech facilities used for production CITATION Bai13 l 1033 (Bailey, 2013).
Technology has changed to the disadvantage of human labor. There is what is referred to as “Big Data” by scientists. This is the use of computers to thrive on information from the international website, barcodes are placed on nearly every product. More information is passed across the internet every second twice the total amount of information that was stored on the entire internet some 20 years back. Giving an example with Wall-Mart, the store is capable of collecting approximately 50 million cabinets of information from the customer’s transactions every 1 hour. This is far much the capability of a human if they were to be left to handle the transactions, according to Andrew McAfee and Erick Brynjolfsson, (2012). Computers can make sense of so much data than human beings.
It is true that the world is changing technologically and this the major force towards unemployment, because machines are replacing human labor but corporations are taking this as an advantage to gain Return on Investment. ROI refers to the capital invested in a company and the return realized from the capital based on then net profit of the business. It is important to understand that profit and ROI are two different things. Profit is used to measure the performance of the business. ROI is not necessarily the same as profit. However ROI can be used to gauge the profitability of the business. It is used to identify the past and potential financial returns of a business looked by the managers as a project. This is because it can portray how successful a business is expressed in ratios or percentages. It is also used to describe financial returns and increased efficiencies in the organization. It is also used to calculate the much of a value an investment is.
ROI has been used in line with Artificial Intelligence (AI). It worth knowing that it is customer demand that drives today’s business and the demand patterns varies from period to period. Because of these variables it has become very difficult for organizations to develop accurate forecasts, which refers to the process of estimating future events. Forecasting reduces uncertainty and used to provide benchmarks used to monitor performance. Combinations of AI and emerging technologies have been used to improve the accuracy of forecasts to contribute to organization enhancement. It is perceived that the use of machines to replace human labor is more effective and contributes to profitability and improved ROI. This has also fueled investors to replace human labor with machinery and computer software.
There is a saying that goes that whatever is measured gets done. Human nature can also be measured. It is true that many workers constantly re-prioritize their work activities. It is also worth understanding that not everyone in an organization will work towards a common goal, that is, the success of the organization. It is therefore important to measure performance against input. Metrics have the attention of both manufacturing and business leaders. It is important to measure sectors in business activities and provide improvement where necessary. The following are some of the manufacturing metrics utilized mostly by process, discrete, and hybrid manufacturers:
Improving customer expectations and responsiveness such as on time delivery and manufacturing cycle time, Metrics to improve quality such as yield, consumer rejects, material returns, supplier quality incoming, Metrics for improving efficiency such as capacity utilization, throughput, overall equipment effectiveness, schedule of production effectiveness, Metrics for reducing inventory like WIP Inventory/ Turns, Metrics on increased flexibility and innovation like rate of new product introduction, and Engineering change order cycle time. Metrics for Ensuring Compliance, Metrics for reducing maintenance like percentage planned, Metrics for cost reduction and increasing profitability like net operating profit, productivity in revenue per employee, energy cost per unit, productivity in revenue per employee, and manufacturing cost as per percentage of revenue.
Variables Definitions Metric References
ROI Return On Investment-this is a business term used to identify the past and potential financial returns. It helps to indicate how successful a business is. Metrics on Improving Costumer Experience and Responsiveness-Manufacturing cycle time,
On-time delivery to Commit
Bailey, R. (2013, February 8). Were the Luddites right? Smart machines and the prospect of technological unemployment. Reason, 45(1), 48.
AI Artificial Intelligence-this is a computer science emphasizing on intelligent machines working and relating like humans. Metrics on improving quality-Customer rejects,
Yield
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2012). Technology’s influence on employment and the economy. In Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy (p. 10). Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press.
Metric These are quantifiable measures used to assess the position and status of a venture. Metrics on Improving Efficiency-effectiveness,
Through put,
Capacity utilization,
Grint, K., & Woolgar, S. (2013). The machine at work: Technology, work and organization. John Wiley & Sons.
Inventory These are stock held by a business in form of materials or goods for the purpose of repair, resale, or raw materials waiting processing. Metrics on Reducing inventory- Work in progress inventory turn Sachs, J. D., & Kotlikoff, L. J. (2012). Smart machines and long-term misery (No. w18629). National Bureau of Economic Research.
WIP Work In Progress- these are materials that are partly finished. They are materials that are already in the production process but have not yet turned to a fully finished product. Metrics on Increased flexibility and innovation-Engineering change,
Rate of new product introduction
Hart, M. (2013). Educating cheap labour’r. The learning society: Challenges and trends, 96.
Big Data This is the use of computers to thrive on information from the international website, barcodes are placed on nearly every product Metrics on Cost reduction and profitability-Productivity in revenue per employee,
Net operating profit
The agricultural industry has seen numerous changes in the previous 100 years. Since the conception of the modern horticulture in 1900, we have pushed ahead to the period of computerized improved farming where everything that is carried out before seeding and up to after harvesting produces data that can be broke down or analyzed. Big Data officially changed the horticulture industry a ton and in the impending decade this will get to be unmistakable or visible in every aspect of farming in the Western world and progressively likewise in the Developed world. There are three ranges that will be influenced the most by the chances of big data: reduced costs of operation and improved efficiency, crop and animal efficiency and improved productivity, optimization of crop prices and mitigation of weather conditions CITATION Gri13 l 1033 (Grint, 2013).
In the agricultural industry, the internet of things and industrial internet are adversely affecting agricultural equipment such as sprayers, tractors, harvesters, milking machines and soil cultivators. Farmers are now capable of getting information thanks to the sensors that have been deployed in machines such as tractors, cow milking and several others. These machines offer information in real time 24/7 even in the absence of the farmer. These machines act as smart machine that are capable of talking and can coordinate with each other to give the farmer the overall condition of the farm. They can predict problems and even take action before adamage can be realized. The farmer can take action immediately he sees a problem dismayed by the sensors and if the problem is very serious, a service employee will visit the farm.
These sensors have led to increased productivity in many processes of agriculture. They also predict failure and maintenance and also safe the farmer fuel and energy for harvesting and transportation by optimizing the best driving conditions especially in large farm because they can predict shorter routes to drive and help save a lot of fuel. These computers are integrated and they pass information to each other making the entire process manageable by only 1 person. These machines are managed by diagnostics to make sure that optimal settings are in place. These data are passed to the farmer who will then analyze them to ensure continuity of effective operation now and in future. Big Data technologies are continually making precision agriculture interesting. This includes recognition, understanding, exploitation of information capable of quantifying variations in crops and soil. This has helped the farmers a lot especially in optimization of the crop productivity CITATION Sac12 l 1033 (Sachs, 2012).
Not just yields and crops can be enhanced with huge information, additionally the farm animals will gain from enormous information innovation. Having sensors in the sheds will allow input on the states of the animals. Sensors can consequently measure the animal’s weight and conform bolstering if needed. Contingent upon the conditions in the shed or the states of the creatures, sustaining can be balanced too. The creatures will get the right nourishment and the perfect sum at the right minute. There are also chips inserted on the animals that can monitor their health conditions. Sick animals can receive medication through the food there are given and conditions of the sheds adjusted in any case they are affecting the animals. The heard can also be traced via the smart phone with the help of the chips placed on them. These sensors also display the mental health of the animals. Big Data flips around the customary horticulture industry. Despite the fact that the ventures can be significant for ranchers, the potential advantages of applying huge information advancements on the field are gigantic CITATION Har13 l 1033 (Hart, 2013).
I used both primary and secondary data collection methods to collect data. Under primary data collection, I collected the data myself by through qualitative and quantitative methods. I used observations, interviews, focus group interviews and questionnaires.
The following were the sourced of data I used:
Primary Data: interviews-I will use forms that will be completed by the respondents. Interviews are better for complex questions that I will be asking even though being expensive than questionnaires. Questionnaires: these are forms that are completed and returned by respondents. I will use this method of data collection because it is cheaper and they allow the respondents humble time to give feedback to the questions asked. Focus group interviews: I will identify a group of a particular group of people especially the farmers and people employed in the agriculture industry and conduct an interview on them. Observations: I will use direct observation to collect data. I will try and find observer programs to help me with the exercise.
Secondary data sources: Previous researches: I would use previous researches on how smart machines are affecting employment in Agriculture industry; official statistics: statistics published by government agencies or other public agencies on economic and social development and environment; Mass media products: data from media houses on development in the Agricultural and horticultural industry and how machinery is affecting employment in the industry; Government reports: the government publications and reports on Agricultural Industry and how smart machinery and Big Data is affecting employment; Web Information: searching the international network for data on Big Data and smart machinery and how they are affecting employment in Agricultural industry; Historical data and information: the history of smart machinery and Big data.
References
Bailey, R. (2013, February 8). Were the Luddites right? Smart machines and the prospect of technological unemployment. Reason, 45(1), 48.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2012). Technology’s influence on employment and the economy. In Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy (p. 10). Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press.
Grint, K., & Woolgar, S. (2013). The machine at work: Technology, work and organization. John
Wiley & Sons.
Sachs, J. D., & Kotlikoff, L. J. (2012). Smart machines and long-term misery (No. w18629).
National Bureau of Economic Research.
Hart, M. (2013). Educating cheap labour’r. The learning society: Challenges and trends, 96.
Malnutrition and starvation
Malnutrition and starvation
Malnutrition is a condition that happens due to sub-optimal intake of the necessary nutrients. Even malnutrition can attack those animals that intake surmountable amount of food, but they are incapable to ingest, digest, absorb or utilize the food. Therefore, malnutrition arises prior to starvation, i.e. long-term deprival of food and its unpleasant effects (Boullatta & Armenti 2010). Causes for malnutrition are parasitism, presence of antibodies in the digestive tract, injuries, disease, poor teeth, and amplified motility of the digestive tract or tumor.
Some symptoms of malnutrition and starvation include:
Bones of the rib, hip, shoulder, and back-bone starts to protrude.
Eyes become drowned, and abdomen appears as if stuck-up.
Little or poor quality food maybe traced in the alimentary canal.
Fatty tissues are absent around the kidney, heart, in the bone marrow, under the skin, and other organs.
Organs and muscle mass may well decrease in size (Malnutrition- what to look for).
Metabolic adaption expresses the change in the nature of a biological system in reaction to alteration, in external or internal environment. Starvation can induce several behavioral and psychological alterations in the human body. For instance, take the case of Boitel, who starved for 53 days before dying. However, before he died he had to undergo several metabolic adaptations due to starvation as discussed below.
Early Stages of starvation
At the beginning, his body became endogenous i.e. utilized stored calories to manufacture energy for essential functions. At first, glucose was the primary energy substrate for the CNS, leading to metabolism of 100 to 150g/day absolutely in to water and carbon (iv) oxide. As he went on with starvation, glucose continued to be unavailable, leading to rapid change in neuronal activity, marked by personality alteration, coma, lethargy and confusion (Shils 2005 pp. 741-742).
His system recycled lactase in Cori cycle in the liver and kidney, back to glucose. The process used energy obtained from oxidation of fatty acids. Pyruvate may be used as a substrate for gluconeogenesis in the liver, or underwent oxidation to form ATP. Phagocytes and fibroblasts obtain their energy from anaerobic metabolism of glucose to lactate (Freeman, 2002). The oxidation of free fatty acids to acetoacetate, ketone and acetone was to suppliy energy to the liver, heart, renal cortex, and skeletal muscle. The branched-chain amino acid was also oxidized in the skeletal muscle to provide energy. In addition to this, gastrointestinal tract oxidized glutamine to water and carbon (iv) oxide (Payne, Grimble & A Silk 2001pp. 3-4).
His body depended on gluconeogenesis to stabilize glucose requirements. This was due to little preservation of glucose in extracellular glucose and liver glycogen. Also, the inability to convert muscle glycogen to blood glucose was due to the absence of glucose-6-phosphate in muscle contributed to dependency on gluconeogenesis (Metabolic effects of starvation).
His kidneys supplied approximately a half of the total glucose manufactured as the starvation continued. During his early starvation, gluconeogenesis took place majorly in the liver with alanine as the substrate. Production of pyruvate in the muscle was through anaerobic metabolism of glucose. The nitrogen moiety was conveyed to pyruvate to produce alanine that was discharged in to blood. In the muscle, the branch-chain amino acid carbon skeleton was totally oxidized to water, and carbon (iv) oxide to supply extra ATP for the body usage (Payne, Grimble, & A Silk 2001).
The alanine was later absorbed by the liver, where nitrogen was split-off. The consequential pyruvate was reprocessed to glucose through gluconeogenesis. Not all nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea, but also some are reused in protein synthesis. Glutamine form the principal substrate for gluconeogenesis in the kidney, and numerous amino acids are changed in to glutamine through transamination. Ammonia, which is a crucial nitrogenous by-product, is partially reutilized in protein synthesis and partially discharged in urine (Peitzman et al 2007 pp. 469-470).
Late stages of Starvation
As his body mass fell metabolism decreased to preserve resources and energy. The consequences were increased sleep, lessening muscle activity and reduced interior temperature. Furthermore, the requirement for gluconeogenesis decreases due to conversion of the central nervous system (CNS) to use ketone bodies for energy other than glucose. The stimulus for this adaptation was partly attributed to increase in ketone body or serum alanine concentration or by reduction in serum molar ratio of insulin to glucagon. Consequently, there was a drop of 75 to 20g/day in protein catabolism, followed drop of 3 to 5g/day in urea nitrogen excretion (Metabolic effects of starvation).
As he continued with starvation, about 5% of the total daily calories were produced by the protein catabolism. With a reduction in gluconeogenesis, adipose became significant energy substrate with metabolism of fat, conversion of free fatty acids to ketone bodies, and metabolism of ketone bodies by peripheral tissues producing approximately 60%, 10% and 25% of total daily calories spending (Metabolic effects of starvation). Rise in fat metabolism stimulated an increase in serum ketone body concentration, which finally surpasses the renal threshold. The physiological reaction towards prolong starvation is characterized by the availability of ketone bodies in urine. It is in this modification state that enable him survive for 53 days before he died (metabolic effects of starvation).
Conclusion
About 160g of adipose tissue and 75g of the body are metabolizing daily for every 1800kcal used during early stages of starvation. Every endogenous protein is used-up, even those with crucial tasks in metabolism, like digestive enzymes and organ and plasma proteins (Metabolic effects of starvation). Clinical evidence indicates that a majority of protein loss is traced from skeletal muscles. Lipolysis produces glycerol and free fatty acids, and it rose as concentration of serum insulin dropped with an increase in starvation. Although, free fatty acids were crucial energy source in the liver for Cori cycle, they were not directly involved in gluconeogenesis. The Cori cycle facilitated the transformation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Finally, to survive a prolonged starvation, depends one’s body preservation, the age and the ruthlessness of the Caloric deficit (Peitzman et al 2007 pp. 469-470). Studies indicate that nitrogen-sparing is effective when used with water solutions or glucose-free salt, permitting complete adaptation to starvation.
Bibliography
Gaw, A et al. 2008, Clinical biochemistry: an illustrated colour text, Endinburgh. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
Boullatta, JI & Armenti, VT 2010, Handbook of drug-nutrient interactions, New York: Humana Press.
Kent, G 2005, Freedom from want: the human right to adequate food, Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press.
Davis, A 2010, Handbook of pediatric neuropsychology, Ney York; London: Springer.
McGuire, M & Beerman, KA, 2011, Nutritional sciences: from fundamentals to food, Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Brown, JE , Isaacs, JS et al. 2011, Nutrition through the life cycle, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage learning.
Duckett, S 2001, Pathology of the aging human nervous system, Oxford [u.a]: Oxford Univ. press.
Muller, MJ & Seitz, HJ 2000, Starvation-Induced Changes of Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in Hypo- and Hyperthyroid Rats in Vivo. Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1370-1377.
Hervant, F, Mathieu, J & Durand, J 2001, Behavioural, Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Long-Term Starvation and Refeeding in a Blind Cave-Dwelling (Proteus Anguinus) and a Surface-Dwelling (euproctus asper) Salamander, Vol. 204, pp. 269-281.
Cahill, GF 2006, Fuel Metabolism in Starvation, vol. 26, pp. 1-22.
Becker, BL 2001, Principles and practice of endocrinology and metabolism. Philladelphia, pa.[u.a.]:Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Peitzman, AB, et al. 2007, The trauma manual: trauma and acute care surgery, Philadelphia, Pa.; London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Shils, ME 2005, Modern nutrition in health and disease, Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Sss Payne, JJ, Grimble, GK & A Silk, DB 2001, Artificial nutrition support in clinical practice, London: Greenwich Medical Media.
Berg, JM, Tymoczko, JL & Stryer, L 2002, Section 30.3: food intake and starvation induce metabolic changes, viewed on 23, November, 2012, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22414/>.
TPN Team, Metabolic Effects of Starvation, viewed on 23 November, 2012, <http://www.tpnteam.com/secure/starvation_metabolism.html>.
Malnutrition- what to look for 2012, viewed on 23 November, 2012, <http://huntingtondisease.tripod.com/swallowing/id62.html>
Male Youth Psychopaths and Crime Behaviors
Male Youth Psychopaths and Crime Behaviors
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Abstract
Psychopathy is personal traits that shape people’s characteristics and behavior in society. According to research, psychopaths actively participate in or significantly contribute to various criminal activities, particularly violent ones. Numerous academics have conducted extensive research on the connection between psychopathy and crime and have shown that the two are closely related. This proposed research is based on a correlational and staged experiment that will be performed in the presence of male youth psychopath inmates. The research participants will be a group of actors and male youth psychopaths. Throughout the research observation data, a collection method will be utilized by watching inmates’ physical and facial expressions to see whether they will show empathy to those who will be undergoing violent criminal actions like robbery and beating. The expected result of the research is that no male youth psychopath will show sympathy for crimes they commit against others or see people experience violent criminal acts. This research implies a need to invent a new treatment for psychopathy to reduce juvenile incarcerations since psychopathic traits begin to develop early.
Male Youth Psychopaths and Crime Behaviors
Introduction
Psychologists define psychopathy as the primary characteristics of an individual. It creates a foundation of particular societal behaviors that begin to be evident in early development stages, especially in teenage/adolescence. Researchers indicate that psychopaths play a significant role or contribute to involvement in different forms of crime, incredibly violent crimes in society. Various scholars have intensively researched the relationship between psychopathy and criminal actions and identified a close relationship between the two. In defining a psychopath, researchers define it as a person who exhibits or demonstrates a discernible pattern that differentiates from the general population based on sensitivity, empathy, guiltiness, and compassion. Research indicates that psychopaths, this diagnostic group of individuals, demonstrates or show particular behavioral (crime), neuropsychological and cognitive characteristics that are not the general population. However, today, the psychopath has been misunderstood in our society since people do not know the term’s meaning; thus, they misuse the name. Researchers have indicated that psychopathy is an antisocial disorder through which an individual develops amoral and antisocial behaviors and characteristics that contribute to criminal behaviors. Because it portrays a lack of ability to love and develop healthy and morally upright personal relationships, portrays egocentricity, and demonstrates an inability to learn from experience and other related behaviors.
Additionally, research denotes that biological and environmental factors contribute to the development of psychopathy and sociopaths. However, s of psychological researchers have approved that psychopathy is also a genetic or inherited condition passed from one generation to another. This is because it is associated with the underdevelopment of brain parts responsible for emotional regulation and impulse control (Marsh, 2017). This research paper will primarily focus on the hypothesis that male youth psychopaths never show genuine empathy for the crimes they have committed or committed against others or those they watch while happening. This research will be correlational and experimental since it will be a staged robbery and beating to collect first information if the inmates show empathy to crime victims or they will not be concerned. This research has been motivated by the high prevalence of violent criminal activities in society, primarily among male youths who, to some extent, end up being inmates. Still, they do not confess the mistakes that they have committed in the community. This is because Flight & Forth (2007), in their research, indicate over 50 adolescent offenders have been incarcerated due to violent actions that psychopathic traits have fueled. The research result shows that violent youths were classified as having high scores on psychopathy, which was instrumental to reactive violence.
Literature Review
This section provides sufficient background literature on male juvenile participation in violent crimes instrumented by psychopathy traits. It also focuses on describing relevant peer-reviewed research carried out by different scholars concerning the matter. Research done by psychologist DeAngelis (2022) concerning a broader view of psychopathy indicates that psychopath has contributed to significant trends of violent criminals since individuals, especially youths, are capable of heinous or egregiously selfish actions on a wide-range scale. Researchers denote that psychopath is much further nuanced compared to stereotypes. The author affirms that psychopath victims (individuals) show a wide range of disconcertion propensities, including: grandiosity, aggression, low empathy, remorse, impulsivity, and violent behavior. Further, the research indicates that these psychopathy traits make people do antisocial things that reduce their compassion in society since people do not like being associated with them, and as a result, it leads to resistance.
According to prison department reports, a significant percentage of adults in the United States show a considerable range of psychopathic traits. However, these adult psychopathic traits developed during their early ages. As a result, it has contributed to a significant percentage of 15%-25% of inmates, as per the American psychological association reports (DeAngelis, 2022). It has been identified that these inmates were convicted of violent crime incidents in society, such as violating others’ rights. According to the triarchic model, separable psychopathic traits are constructed through disinhibition composed of tendencies towards irresponsibility, challenges in controlling emotions, impulsiveness, and mistrust of others. Meanness is another psychopathic trait construct involving a lack of empathy, inability to bond with others (antisocial), and destructive exploitativeness. Lastly, according to Patrick’s triarchic model, boldness is another psychopathic trait that constructs boldness,s which comprises social assurance, emotional resilience, dominance, and adventurousness. Research indicates that all the traits mentioned above contribute to the development of different and unique neurobiological features correlated (Ribes‐Guardiola et al., 2020).
Scholars have endeavored in research to spur psychopathy neurobiological based on genetic, environmental, and behavior. Research has indicated that there have been studies conducted in the United States among school-age kids, preschoolers, and even juvenile offenders. It clearly shows that psychopathy is more often at early ages. And as a result, this contributes to youngsters who exhibit severe and planned aggression and lack of emotion when responding to fear and misery. Research-based on emotional intelligence conducted by Erme et al. (2012, showed that many incarcerated male juveniles are associated with psychopathic traits. This is because these juvenile males have low emotional intelligence, which is associated with the ability to perceive, control, and reason about emotions based on oneself and others. This research shows that people with psychopathy experience some challenges in social life, especially in interaction, since they have some impairment based on emotional tasks.
Research by Amy Morin (2021) on signs of psychopathy in kids indicates that a lack of remorse or empathy signifies a significant threat and a problem. Since it implies that the child has psychopathy, even though no parent wants to imagine their child to be in such a state, this is a child with psychopathy who is mostly cruel and unemotional. Scholars have associated psychopathy victims with those shown in most movies as serial killers. This is because these serial killers do not show empathy or be concerned with their inhuman actions toward other people. However, they continue their inhuman actions and end up living behind bars. As clearly portrayed in the movies, serial killers tend to learn their actions based on their background environment where they were raised since childhood. And due to early exposure, these children become psychopathy victims and end up incarcerated. They can watch an individual being humiliated in their presence and show no concern or empathy to rescue him/her from suffering or torture. However, researchers have estimated that about 1% of adults meet psychopathy, with a large number being men compared to women. In the research on signs of psychopathy among kids, Amy Morin indicated that they show various symptoms to their caregivers. These signs include; the kid constantly lying, the child is always selfish and does not share anything with others, never guilty after misbehaving, and even if punished, the child not changing their behavior. These remorseful behaviors have been associated with male adolescents, which contributes to a significant number of them being juvenile inmates for committing crimes and unwillingness to confess their mistakes and ask for forgiveness (Amy Morin, 2021).
Research done by Virginia Commonwealth University researchers indicates that individuals with psychopathic personalities are primarily associated with antisocial behavior, such as committing violent crimes, which result in incarceration. However, researchers denote that based on background, some individuals can control and manage their psychopathic traits, which contribute to antisocial tendencies and avoid engaging in malicious actions that can result in imprisonment. However, despite having antisocial behaviors, some psychopathy individuals still exist in society. This is because these researchers found that some have neural advantages that enable psychopathy people to counteract their hostile tendencies within society, enabling them to coexist despite their antisocial impulses.
My proposed research will be based on correlational and staged experimental robbery and beating in the presence of male youth psychopaths to test whether these males will show empathy or concern to the affected victims. Primarily the research will involve a group of actors and male youth psychopaths. This research will effectively contribute to previously conducted research studies since it will mainly prove that psychopaths lack or show low empathy, covering those facing criminal or being mistreated by other youths. The research will be based on the hypothesis that male youth psychopaths never feel or show genuine empathy for the crimes they have committed against others or those they observe. Research indicates that people with psychopathy commit around two to three times more than others who engage in antisocial behavior, contributing to 25% of incarcerated individuals in various prisons (Arielle Baskin-Sommers, 2022).
Researchers show the close relationship between psychopathy and the continuous happening of crimes in society. This is because even after psychopathy inmates have been discharged or released from prison, they continue to show antisocial behavior and commit similar or new crimes. This tends to happen higher rate before incarceration. This is accelerated by drug and substance use that they introduced while behind bars serving their terms. A clear indication that substance use among psychopathy people makes them commit violent crimes and continue showing antisocial and violent behaviors (Arielle Baskin-Sommers, 2022). This shows clearly that male youth psychopaths never show empathy or care for those who experience crime since they continue committing new crimes even after being released from incarceration.
Methods
To collect information, my research study aims to test whether male youth psychopath inmates will empathize with people being violently robbed and beaten, aiming to meet the research hypothesis. The correlational experiment was staged in the presence of male youth psychopaths inmates. First, I would use the observation method. Through observation, I would watch inmates’ reactions to witnessing the staged crime happen in their presence and note their physical behavior regarding the occurrence of the crime. Observation would be the most appropriate method for data collection since I will be able to directly observe inmates’ reactions and have greater accuracy on the information gathered, which would help me frame my research hypothesis (Weston et al., 2021). Another method that I will utilize is a survey questionnaire with one-opened questions to allow the inmates to express their feeling about the incident.
Participants
Participants of my research study will be a group of actors from my team performing the staged crime and twenty male youth psychopath inmates who will be the audience. The inclusion criteria for my group actors would be based on diversity to show the unity of different people to carry out a particular violent mission. I will select people willing to educate inmates on behavioral changes and control their antisocial tendencies despite being psychopaths.
Procedure
Procedure for carrying out my research to get the anticipated result would be performing staged robbery or even beating and showing it to the inmates to see if they will feel any empathy towards the person who has been a victim of the crime or done to them.
Measures
Research indicates that there are several measurements based on a continuum of discrete and continuous. For my research will use nominal measures for my research variables. This is because nominal-scale measurements of variables are used when research variables can be categorized but not ranked (Dalati, 2018). For instance, the research will be based on gender since it primarily focuses on male youth psychopath inmates.
Predicted Results
My correlational and staged experiment on robbery and beating for research will be performed in the presence of at least twenty male youth inmates. The predicted result is that I expect none of the male youth psychopaths will show empathy or feel sorry for those crimes being done to them and mistreatment as per the performance. This is because the literature review has indicated that this group has been used in seeing such incidents since some of them have performed such crimes over and over again. Therefore, they have nothing to show empathy for since it was them they could do the same as portrayed in the staged robbery experiment.
Discussion
Concerning the result obtained from the research experiment that out of twenty male youth psychopath inmates, none showed empathy or felt those whose crimes were committed against them can be well described through the triarchic model. The triarchic model/theory denotes that psychopathy among people is constructed based on three major domains: disinhibition, meanness, and boldness, as discussed in the literature review, through the triarchic model concerning psychopathy conceptions that contribute to people’s personalities which are based on their emotional intelligence. And due to a lack of emotional intelligence, none of the twenty male youth psychopath inmates showed empathy to those experiencing crimes in the experiment. Based on the three domains of the theory, inmates lack emotional intelligence, which is why they never show empathy for the crimes they commit or see happening in society (Marsh, 2017). In future research on this topic, various data methods will need to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative data. Through various ways such as surveys, questionnaires, and interviews among different youth age groups to compare the results to determine how psychopathy affects different age groups, resulting in overpopulation in prisons.
Conclusion
Conclusively, psychologists define psychopathy as the fundamental traits that make up an individual and lay the groundwork for specific social behaviors that emerge early in a person’s development, particularly throughout adolescence. Based on three triarchic theory domains, boldness, disinhibition, and meanness significantly contribute to developing criminal and antisocial behaviors among male youths. Additionally, drug and substance use among youths significantly contributes to behaviors that make them show no empathy when they have committed crimes or when watching them happen in society. As a result, concluded from the research, there is a need to search for a proper way to treat psychopathy with current technological innovation to have a sustainable solution for increased crimes in our societies.
References
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