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Lost City Of Atlantis
Lost City Of Atlantis
The Ocean is filled with untold stories that are waiting to be discov-ered. Who knows what may lie under the deep blue Ocean. Atlantis is one of those untold stories that are awaiting an explanation. Atlantis today has no solid explanation of how old it is, where it is located, or if it really existed at all. There are numerous theories on how Atlantis was destroyed or if it was a physical place. Some people believe they have found the lost city of Atlantis.
Atlantis is believed to have existed over 2500 years ago and had such things as running hot and cold water, streets of gold, and all the nicest things on Earth (EarthQuest, pg. 1). Having such things as these Atlantis must have been a splendid place to live. What more would anyone want if with a wonderful place as Atlantis. Atlantis has a brief history because most of it has not yet been discovered. The Greek Word Atlantis means the Island of Atlas, just as the word Atlantic means the Ocean of Atlas (Laketech, pg.1).
Atlantis was the domain of the Greek Poseidon, god of the sea. He is the one that was said to have made and destroyed Atlantis. When Poseidon fell in love with a mortal woman, Cleito, he created a dwelling at the top of a hill near the middle of the Island. Surrounding the dwelling with rings of water and land to protect her (The Active Mind, pg.1). Soon After Poseidon, god of the sea, sired five pairs of male twins with the mortal woman “Cleito”. When the children grew up Poseidon appointed the eldest of these sons, At-las the titan, ruler of his beautiful Island domain (Laketech, pg 1).
The Island of Atlantis was the center for trade and commerce. Atlan-tis was governed in peace, was rich in commerce, was advanced in knowledge, and held domain over the surrounding islands and contents. Portions of the city were devoted to commerce and industry. This was be-cause the Atlanteans used the discoveries of their scientists and technologists as the basis of a flourishing trade with other nations (True Origins, pg. 2). Great universities, observatories, libraries, and laboratories for people of all ages showed that Atlantis was wellspring of human arts and sciences.
The government of Atlantis was one of a kind that would of work per-fectly in this day in age. At the top of the central hill, a temple was built in honor of Poseidon, which housed a giant gold statue of Poseidon riding a chariot pulled by winged horses (The Active Mind, pg.1). It was here that the rulers of Atlantis would come to discuss laws, pass judgments, and pay tribute to Poseidon. Any one could imagine how big of a building this tem-ple must have been. No one really knows if this temple is a true fact or just a really good myth. If true fact, the temple is lying under the deep blue Ocean submerge for eternity.
To facilitate travel and trade, a water canal was cut through the is-lands, which led to south about 5.5 miles to the sea. The city of Atlantis sat just outside the outer ring of water and spread across the plain covering a circle of 11 miles (The Active Mind, pg. 1). This was a densely populated area where the majority of the population lived. The unique beauty of the city, on it’s circles of land linked by great bridges across the circles of water, was further enhanced by brilliant gardens, groves of flowering trees, and sparkling fountains (True Origins, pg. 2). To some extent it sort of relates to the Virgin Islands, but Atlantis was connected to each island.
Beyond the city lay a fertile plain 330 miles long and 110 miles wide surrounded by another canal used to collect water from the rivers and streams of the mountains. The climate was of an odd one that made two harvests possible each year. One harvest would be in the winter that was fed by the rains and the one in the summer was fed by irrigation from the canal (The Active Mind, pg. 1). Besides the harvests, the Island provided all kinds of herbs, fruits, and nuts. As well as an abundance of animals, in-cluding elephants, tigers, birds, and many more roamed the Island. For generations the Atlanteans lived simple, virtuous lives (The Active Mind, pg. 2).
The people who lived on Atlantis were like that of our society back in the old days. There were servants, slaves, and other common people who worked the fields and animals of the city. Important people who served roy-alty lived on the inner circle of the island. The outer Island is where most of the citizens lived (Atlantis, pg. 1). The first King of Atlantis built his Temple on a smaller island; he put walls around it and called it Atlantis. The island had mountains, plains, and beaches. Like that of any Island that is still around today. There is no doubt that Atlantis was the most beautiful place on earth at that time.
The geography of Atlantis was like any other Island. The Island of At-lantis was an under water volcano. The Volcanic Island city was about 11 miles in diameter, and was known as the Great city of Atlantis. Since it was a volcano, it had a round doughnut shaped Island with water all around it, and in it’s center (Atlantis, pg. 1). In the center of the doughnut was a smaller island and this is where Cleito lived. To have lived there would be a wonderful experience. Just to see the beauty of the island would just over whelm the human senses.
For a number of years it was the most perfect place to live. Soon that all began to change, and the island was a mess. Greed and power began to corrupt them. When Zeus saw the immorality of the Atlanteans he gathered the other gods together to determine a suitable punishment (The Active Mind, pg. 2). “By Plato’s legend, the people of Atlantis became complacent and their leaders arrogant; in punishment the Gods destroyed Atlantis by flooding it and submerging the Island in one day and night. The city of At-lantis sank and the continent remained intact (Atlantis, pg. 1).
Soon, in one violent surge it was gone. The Island of Atlantis, it’s people, and their memories were swallowed by the sea. There are some that think that the lost city of Atlantis is Actually in the Bermuda Triangle, Sunken at the bottom of the Ocean (Earthquest, pg. 1). No one knows for sure because this is a legend of the Greek gods.
The Destruction of Atlantis has many theories. Some people believe that this beautiful city was “Swallowed into the Ocean” by an earthquake. The Atlantean continent had been spilt into five massive Islands by im-mense earthquakes (ProHosting, pg. 3). One theory of destruction is Earth-crust displacement. There is Another Atlantis-like story that was closer to Plato’s world, in terms of time and geography. The Minoan civilization was a great and peaceful culture based on the Island of Crete, which reigned in 2200 B.C. (Parascope, pg. 2). The Minoan Island of Santorini, later known as Thera, was home to a huge volcano. In 1470 B.C. it erupted with a force estimated to be greater than Krakato, covering everything on Santorini’s surface. When the Volcano exploded, the city and kingdom were destroyed. Many people on the continent were killed by floods and pieces of ash from the volcano (Atlantis, pg. 2). The Minoan civilization, whose remnants were easily conquered by Greek forces. Santorini could have been the real Atlan-tis.
Plato specified that Atlantis sank 10,000 years ago, but the Minoan disaster had taken place only 1,000 years earlier. It could have been the translation errors over the centuries altered what Plato really wrote, or maybe he was intentionally blurring the historical facts to suit his purposes. There exists yet another strong possibility that Plato entirely made Atlantis up himself. Other Greek thinkers, such as Aristotle and Pliny, disputed the existence of Atlantis, while Plutarch and Herodotus wrote of it as historical fact. Atlantis became entrenched in folklore all around the world, charted on Ocean maps and sought by explorers (Parascope, pg. 2)
Bibliography:
Works cited
1. Atlantis. True Origins. 23 January 1999
2. Atlantis: The Great Lost Civilization. Prohosting. 25 May 1999
3. Atlantis- Lost City. Atlantis. 30 July 2000
4. Atlantis Subplots: A Brief History of the Lost Continent. parascope. 5 June 2000
5. Lost City of Atlantis. EarthQuest. 22 February 2000
6. The Lost Continent of Atlantis. Laketech. 11 March 1998
7. The Story of Atlantis. The Active Mind. 15 April 1996
Lord Of The Rings And Mythology
Lord Of The Rings And Mythology
The Lord of the Rings has been regarded as one of the greatest stories of modern times. It is a story filled with original ideas and creates an entire world unto itself with a history of it’s own along with it’s many races. This creation of a new world and the storytelling involved in it holds many parallels and similarities to ancient and classical myths that people have been telling for thousands of years. The Lord of the Rings has been classified as a modern extension of the family of myths by many critics and has a following to support this claim.
The classification of The Lord of the Rings as a modern myth can be seen in several different ways. There are many characters in The Lord of the Rings, which have parallels with characters in classical mythology such as Tom Bombadil, Gandalf, Gollum and Frodo. Other examples of mythological concepts held in the novel are seen simply in the storyline, the quest in particular and the battle between good and evil.
The status of myth for The Lord of the Rings can also be seen in the deep history that Tolkien gave to Middle Earth and it’s people. There are extensive histories given through thousands of years of Middle Earth and is thoroughly recorded in Tolkien’s works such as The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, The History of Middle Earth and The Book of Lost Tales. This element of storytelling is seen throughout almost all stories regarded as mythology, the story is given a deep background involving deities and the beginning of the Earth into the creation of man and in some of them has a deity interacting with the characters in the myth. This is true in Tolkien’s later work in The Silmarillion which is mostly a story somewhat similar to The Lord of the Rings except that The Silmarillion takes place much earlier in Middle Earth’s history and several allusions to it are made in The Lord of the Rings that could not be understood without doing proper historical research into Tolkien’s world which is vast to say the least. This makes the novel’s status as a myth different from other classical myths in that they took place in the known world at that time which included the Mediterranean theater of Greece and the Italian peninsula, Northern Scandinavian countries and Anglo-Saxon dominated areas. In Tolkien’s case he went ahead and made an entirely different world with entirely different geography and entirely different races of people and histories. This of course is used to be conducive to the “fairy story written for adults” (The Letters of JRR Tolkien pg. 232) quality that Tolkien wanted in The Lord of the Rings and his other works.
Some critics have seen Tolkien parallel what some would call “Christian mythology” in his writing with the creation of Arda and Middle Earth. Arda is the entire world of Tolkien, which includes Valinor, the Undying Lands, Numenor, which is Tolkien’s Atlantis and Middle Earth, which is the continent on which The Lord of the Rings takes place. Tolkien’s creation of Arda is not chronicled in The Lord of the Rings although it is mentioned several times throughout the book and in the Appendix. His creation myth was based on Iluvatar or “The One”, who is seen as the creator in Christian tradition although he is not as close to his people, creating the Ainur or “Holy Ones” to carry out His plan for Middle Earth. With the Ainur come a subgroup called the Valar who are the most powerful of the Ainur and each have a special authority over Middle Earth. Although this does not go along with Christian tradition Tolkien explains his hierarchy of spirits in one of his letters.
“It is, I should say, a ‘monotheistic but ‘sub-creational’ mythology.’ There is no embodiment of the One, of God, who indeed remains remote, outside the World, and only directly accessible to the Valar or Rulers. These take the place of the ‘gods’, but are created spirits….”(The Letters pg. 235)
Even though Tolkien clearly explains his “monotheistic but sub-creational mythology” some Christian critics argue that Tolkien’s spiritual hierarchy does indeed parallel the Biblical account. Even Tolkien, in spite of his denials, has compared parts of his myth with corresponding aspects of truth. But the obvious similarities tend to confuse rather than clarify Biblical truth (Kjos). Although this part of the creation of the World seems to somewhat parallel Christian tradition the creation of Elves, Men and Dwarves seem to not follow any real blueprint for their “awakening” (Tolkien 1101).
Tolkien has a basis in ancient mythology by using the myth of Atlantis as one of his major influences to be part of the story of The Lord of the Rings by creating a people in the story that had a fate similar to that of the Atlanteans. In The Lord of the Rings Numenor was the great power beyond Middle Earth that began the Kingdoms of Gondor, Arnor and the Northern Dunedain in Middle Earth after it’s destruction and whose line came down to Aragorn Elessar the rightful King of Gondor who claims the throne in The Lord of the Rings.
“Numenor is my personal alteration of the Atlantis myth and /or tradition, and accommodation of it to my general mythology. Of all the mythical or ‘archetypal’ images this is the one most deeply seated in my imagination, and for many years I had a recurrent Atlantis dream: the stupendous and ineluctable wave advancing from the Sea or over the land, sometimes dark, sometimes green and sunlit.” (The Letters pg. 361)
Although Tolkien’s inspiration may have been originally inspired through a dream it was based in the Greek myth of the lost continent of Atlantis that was destroyed at the height of it’s power and is now, according to myth, somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean thus losing a great civilization and also drawing an irrefutable parallel with Tolkien’s Numenor.
Along with the setting of Tolkien’s Middle Earth came the characters he had in The Lord of the Rings, many of which had counterparts in classical mythology. Stories can be broken down as basically as possible by essentially having protagonists and antagonists but in many myths the characters go beyond that, as do Tolkien’s characters in The Lord of the Rings.
Some of Tolkien’s characters have been believed to have Christ-like qualities in their actions and the way that they are placed within the story. Some examples of Christ-like qualities can be seen in Frodo’s decision to being the Ringbearer in the Fellowship and how it is such a difficult burden to carry but he decides to take it anyway. Another example of Christ-like qualities would be Gandalf’s resurrection from the dead after his battle with Durin’s Bane. Although Tolkien claims that he despises all forms of allegory (Tolkien, Foreword to Lord of the Rings) it is still thought that he had chose to give his protagonists Christ-like qualities.
Characters on the other end of the spectrum such as Gollum have their counterpart in mythology with the Norse god Loki who was the god of mischief and trouble making. In almost every classical myth there is a figure in it that has the specified job of causing trouble. Gollum is seen throughout The Lord of the Rings causing trouble for Frodo and Sam throughout their journey in Mordor. Loki can be seen as a parallel to this because he is seen throughout Norse myth through the killing of the beloved Norse god Balder.
Other parallels between mythological characters can be seen between Gandalf and the hero of the Kalevala, Vainamoinen. Vainamoinen is the main character of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic, and is an epic hero who uses his wise judgment and in some cases magic to defeat his enemy. Vainamoinen uses his power to exert order over chaos and through this establishes the land of Kaleva, which is current day Finland. Vainamoinen uses magic on many occasions to save his people from such threats as disease and uses his great knowledge to recover the moon and sun after they have been carried off and hidden in a mountain. This character can be seen as Gandalf’s counterpart because of their use of knowledge and magic and their eventual quest to save their people and land from an evil power. Although it is not quite a quest as The Lord of the Rings is the Kalevala holds many things in common with Tolkien’s mythology.
The most interesting character in Tolkien’s story that could possibly have many mythological counterparts is Tom Bombadil. With reading The Lord of the Rings the question of “Who or What is Tom Bombadil?” comes up and it has been a question that eludes many Tolkien scholars and there can never really be an exact answer to that question which was Tolkien’s original intention.
“And even in a mythical Age there must be some enigmas, as there always are. Tom Bombadil is one (intentionally)” – The Letters of JRR Tolkien, No. 144
There are many ideas of what Tom was, perhaps he was an elf, or one of the Valar or Iluvatar himself but all of these have their hypothesis refuted either by Tolkien’s letters or in his far spread mythology. We are not quote sure what Tom exactly is but some critics have created comparisons between the Greek god Bacchus and the Arthurian Kay who are jolly, meddlesome characters, which seem to reflect Tom’s sensibilities throughout his short time in the novel (Anonymous, The Riddle of Tom Bombadil). Is Tom Bombadil a “mischievous outsider”? He is certainly mischievous (or joyfully unconcerned with the world at large), and we’ve seen that he is definitely an “outsider”, in that he doesn’t fit easily with the rest of Tolkien’s mythology. A possible suggestion here is that these elements help to add an inherent sense of “myth” to the book, which would otherwise be far less evident.
Other mythological elements that can be seen as an influence to Tolkien’s work was the language of the Kalevala which was the catalyst for him to create his own language, Elvish. This quality alone puts Tolkien in a whole other world beyond regular mythology. By creating his own languages in the book Tolkien brings about a whole new world and gives the feeling of being in another world with a different race speaking an unknown language. This alone puts Tolkien in a whole new area of mythology and creates a world that is in no way tangible for the reader thus creating the element of fantasy.
Tolkien created The Lord of the Rings as a modern mythology and creating a whole new world that never existed but that he almost makes it seem like it has in some antique time that there are no records of. Ultimately, Tolkien was in the business of creating his own mythology to avoid comparison with other mythologies is to miss a rich seam of material in his work and to miss the point of the storytelling that he has brought to the reader. He makes a world come alive through his words and creates a world so rich in culture and history the reader almost wants to believe that Middle Earth exists and that hobbits still flourished in The Shire. He creates a myth that is beyond our world and intangible but with that creates a world so beautiful and ugly, so light and dark that it has become one of the great stories of modern times and gives the world a modern myth that it can be proud of.
Bibliography:
Works Cited
1)Anonymous “The Riddle of Tom Bombadil” 11/14/98 http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/default.htm?http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/alphab.html 5/7/02
2)Hunt, JM “The Gods” N/A, http://www.desy.de/gna/interpedia/greek_myth/greek_myth.html 5/10/02
3)N/A “The Kalevala’s Contents” 10/16/99 http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/kaleva.html 5/2/02
4)Kjos, Berit “Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings: Truth, Myth or Both?” N/A http://www.crossroad.to/articles2/rings.htm 5/21/02
5)Hamilton, Edith Mythology Warner Books, 1942
6)Tolkien, JRR The Lord of the Rings Houghton Mifflin, 1954
Long Range Navigation
Long Range Navigation
Complete the entire assignment on a Word document. Turn it in via the dropbox on HTMLeZ. Use the following format for both your title and file name: lastname_firstname_tp1_2 (failure to use this format will result in a point penalty). This project is due no later than the start of class on Thursday, June 19, 2003.
1.Select a country outside North America that begins with the same letter as your last name. If you are unable to find a country starting with the same letter as your last name, then use the next letter in the alphabet. BAHAMAS
1.Are landing rights granted? If so, what are the requirements? What are the limitations?
a. Private aircraft over flying or landing for noncommercial purposes need not obtain prior permission; however, prior notification is required to the airport of arrival and a flight plan must be on file. Permission must be obtained from the Ministry of Transport for obtaining over flight and landing rights for non-scheduled commercial aircraft.
b. Nonscheduled commercial aircraft landing for commercial purposes must obtain prior permission from the Secretary, Air Transport Licensing Authority, P. O. Box N975, Nassau N.P., Bahamas (TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: CADAIR BAHAMAS/TELEX: NONE) prior to departure in addition to having a flight plan on file.
2.Is over flight allowed? If so, what are the requirements? What are the limitations?
– a. Private aircraft over flying or landing for noncommercial purposes need not obtain prior permission; however, prior notification is required to the airport of arrival and a flight plan must be on file. Permission must be obtained from the Ministry of Transport for obtaining over flight and landing rights for non-scheduled commercial aircraft.
3.If neither of the above is allowed, briefly discuss the reasons why you think these restrictions are in place.
-THERE ARE LANDING RIGHTS AND OVERFLIGHT PERMISSION WITH PRIOR NOTIFACATATION
4.What are your personal entry requirements for this country?
– ENTRY AND EXIT REQUIREMENTS: U.S. citizens must present original proof of U.S. citizenship (a valid passport, a certified U.S. birth certificate, or a Certificate of Naturalization), in addition to photo identification and an onward/return ticket for entry into The Bahamas. Voter registration cards, Social Security cards, driver’s licenses, affidavits, and other similar documents are not acceptable as proof of U.S. citizenship. Visas are not required for U.S. citizens for stays up to eight months. There is an airport departure tax for travelers age six years and older.
In an effort to prevent international child abduction, many governments have initiated procedures at entry/exit points. These often include requiring documentary evidence of relationship and permission for the child’s travel from the parent(s) or legal guardian not traveling with the child. Having such documentation on hand, even if not required, may facilitate entry and departure.
For further information, U.S. citizens may contact the Embassy of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, 2200 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 319-2660, or the Bahamian consulates in Miami or New York. Additional information is available on The Bahamas Tourist Board web site at http://www.bahamas.com or at telephone 1-800-422-4262, and on the official web site of the Government of The Bahamas at http://www.bahamas.gov.bs/.
MEDICAL INSURANCE: U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. U.S. Medicare and Medicaid programs do not provide payment for medical services outside the United States. Uninsured travelers who require medical care overseas may face extreme difficulties. Please check with your own insurance company to confirm whether your policy applies abroad. Please ascertain whether payment will be made to the overseas hospital or doctor or if you will be reimbursed later for the expenses that you incur. Some insurance policies also include coverage for psychiatric treatment and for disposition of remains in the event of death. Useful information on medical emergencies abroad, including overseas insurance programs, is provided in the Department of State’s Bureau of Consular Affairs brochure, Medical Information for Americans Traveling Abroad, available via the Bureau of Consular Affairs home page or autofax: (202)647-3000.
REGISTRATION/EMBASSY AND CONSULATE LOCATIONS: Americans living in or visiting The Bahamas are encouraged to register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Nassau and obtain updated information on travel and security within The Bahamas. The U.S. Embassy is located next to McDonald’s restaurant on Queen Street in downtown Nassau; telephone (242)322-1181, after hours: (242)328-2206. The Consular Section hours are 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon and 2:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Monday-Friday, except local and U.S. holidays. The U.S. Embassy is also responsible for consular services in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI), a United Kingdom (British) overseas territory. U.S. citizens may obtain updated information on travel and security in TCI from the U.S. Embassy in Nassau.
5.Who would you call, and what phone number would you use, should you need United States government assistance while in this country?
Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Nassau and obtain updated information on travel and security within The Bahamas. The U.S. Embassy is located next to McDonald’s restaurant on Queen Street in downtown Nassau; telephone (242)322-1181, after hours: (242)328-2206. The Consular Section hours are 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon and 2:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Monday-Friday, except local and U.S. holidays. The U.S. Embassy is also responsible for consular services in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI), a United Kingdom (British) overseas territory. U.S. citizens may obtain updated information on travel and security in TCI from the U.S. Embassy in Nassau.
6.What is the population of this country? What is the ethnic composition of this country?
Area: 13,939 sq. km. (5,382 sq. mi.); slightly larger than Connecticut and Rhode Island combined.
Cities: Capital–Nassau, New Providence. Second-largest city–Freeport, Grand Bahama.
Nationality: Noun and adjective–Bahamian(s).
Ethnic groups: African 85%, European 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%.
Religions: Baptist predominant (32%), Roman Catholic, Anglican, Evangelical Protestants, Methodist, Church of God.
Language: English; some Creole among Haitian groups.
Education: Years compulsory–through age 16. Attendance–95%. Literacy–93%.
Health (2000): Infant mortality rate–17.0/1,000. Life expectancy–73.9 years.
Work force (2000): 157,640; majority employed in the tourism, government, and financial services sectors.
Eighty-five percent of the Bahamian population is of African heritage. About two-thirds of the population resides on New Providence Island (the location of Nassau). Many ancestors arrived in the Bahama Islands when they served as a staging area for the slave trade in the early 1800s. Others accompanied thousands of British loyalists who fled the American colonies during the Revolutionary War.
School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16. The government fully operates 158 of the 210 primary and secondary schools in The Bahamas. The other 52 schools are privately operated. Enrollment for state and private primary and secondary schools amounts to more than 66,000 students. The College of The Bahamas, established in Nassau in 1974, provides programs leading to bachelors and associates degrees. The college is now converting from a 2- to a 4-year institution. Several non-Bahamian colleges also offer higher education programs in The Bahamas.
7.Briefly discuss the political climate of this country.
Type: Constitutional parliamentary democracy. Independence: July 10, 1973.
Branches: Executive–British monarch (nominal head of state), governor general (representative of the British monarch), prime minister (head of government), and cabinet. Legislative–bicameral Parliament (40-member elected House of Assembly, 16-member appointed Senate). Judicial–Privy Council in U.K., Court of Appeal, Supreme Court, and magistrates’ courts.
Political parties: Free National Movement (FNM), Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), and Coalition for Democratic Reform (CDR).
Suffrage (2000): Universal over 18; 140,000 registered voters.
8.Do you expect or anticipate any possible personal safety concerns, such as potential criminal or violent activity? If so, what safety measures would you be taking?
CRIME INFORMATION: Visitors should exercise caution and good judgment when visiting The Bahamas. Violent crime has increased in the recent past, and the American Embassy has received several reports of sexual assaults on American tourists, including teen-age girls. While most criminal incidents take place in a part of Nassau not usually frequented by tourists (the “over-the-hill” area south of downtown), crime and violence has increasingly moved into more upscale tourist and residential areas.
Travelers should take appropriate precautions, and they should avoid walking alone after dark or in isolated areas and avoid placing themselves in positions where they are alone with strangers. They should be cautious on deserted areas of beaches at all hours. Hotel guests should always lock their doors and should never leave valuables unattended, especially on beaches. Visitors should store passport/identity documents, airline tickets, credit cards, and extra cash in hotel safes, and they should avoid wearing expensive jewelry, particularly Rolex watches, which have been targeted increasingly by criminals. Please use only clearly marked taxis and make a note of the license plate number for your records.
The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen U.S. birth certificate and/or driver’s license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens may refer to the Department of State’s pamphlets, A Safe Trip Abroad and Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean, for ways to promote a more trouble free journey. The pamphlets are available by mail from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402, via the Internet at http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs, or via the Bureau of Consular Affairs home page at http://travel.state.gov.
9.What vaccinations should you take prior to entering this country?
MEDICAL FACILITIES: Medical care is generally good in Nassau and Freeport, but it is limited in other areas. Serious health problems requiring hospitalization and/or medical evacuation to the United States can cost thousands of dollars. Doctors and hospitals usually expect immediate cash payment for health services. Persons with serious or life-threatening conditions normally must be airlifted to hospitals in the United States for treatment.
There is a chronic shortage of blood at Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, where most emergency surgery is performed. Travelers with rare blood types should know the names and locations of possible blood donors should the need arise.
OTHER HEALTH INFORMATION: Information on vaccinations and other health precautions, such as safe food and water precautions and insect bite protection, may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s hotline for international travelers at 1-877-FYI-TRIP (1-877-394-8747); fax 1-888-CDC-FAXX (1-888-232-3299), or via CDC’s Internet site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel. For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad consult the World Health Organization’s website at http://www.who.int/en. Further health information for travelers is available at http://www.who.int/ith.
A certificate of yellow fever vaccination may be required for entry into certain areas of these countries if you are arriving from a tropical South American or sub-Saharan African country. For detailed information, see Comprehensive Yellow Fever Vaccination Requirements.
CDC recommends the following vaccines (as appropriate for age):
See your doctor at least 4–6 weeks before your trip to allow time for shots to take effect.
•Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG) should be considered if travel to areas of questionable sanitation is anticipated.
•Hepatitis B, if you might be exposed to blood (for example, health-care workers) or travelers who have sexual contact with the local population, stay longer than 6 months in Haiti or the Dominican Republic, or might be exposed through medical treatment.
•Rabies, if you might be exposed to wild or domestic animals through your work or recreation.
•Typhoid, particularly if you are visiting developing countries in this region.
•Yellow fever, for travelers going outside urban areas in Trinidad and Tobago.
•As needed, booster doses for tetanus-diphtheria and measles. Hepatitis B vaccine is now recommended for all infants and for children ages 11–12 years who did not receive the series as infants.
10.Briefly discuss any other pertinent information regarding this country.
TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the U.S. The information below concerning The Bahamas is provided for general reference only, and it may not be totally accurate in a particular location or circumstance.
Safety of Public Transportation: Good
Urban Road Conditions/Maintenance: Good
Rural Road Conditions/Maintenance: Fair
Availability of Roadside Assistance: Fair
Unlike in the United States, traffic on all islands in The Bahamas moves on the left side of the roadway. Road conditions throughout Nassau and Freeport are generally adequate, but drivers should be alert for construction zones, which are not always properly marked. Road travel in other parts of The Bahamas is limited. Some rural roads are narrow, winding, and in poor repair.
Tourists should exercise caution if renting motorbikes for transportation during their visit. Severe, and sometimes fatal, accidents with motorbikes have involved American tourists. Travel by moped or bicycle is very hazardous, especially in the heavy traffic conditions prevalent in Nassau and Freeport, and visitors should carefully consider whether such travel is worth the risk of a serious accident. Those who choose to ride a moped or bicycle should wear helmets and drive defensively. Pedestrians also should be aware when stepping off curbs that vehicular traffic comes from the right. Death and serious injuries have occurred when visitors have failed to adapt to unfamiliar rules of the road.
For specific information concerning driver’s permits, vehicle inspection, road tax, and mandatory insurance in The Bahamas, please contact the Bahamas Tourist Board in New York at telephone (212)758-2777.
3.Compose a request for a landing permit, or if that is not allowed, an overflight permits.
LANDING PERMISION GRANTED FOR BUTLER INDUSTRIES-N9866L
ETA MYAF 7.01.1000Z / ETD MYAF 7.10.0800Z WITH PERMIT
QU PAOYRXH BAHAMAS LANDING REQUEST
RESPECTFULLY REQUEST PERMISSION ON BEHALF OF BUTLER INDUSTRIES, 5181 SUMAC RIDGE DR, YORBA LINDA, CALIFORNIA 92886 USA TO LAND CONGO TOWN/BAHAMAS ON A PRIVATE, NON-COMMERCIAL FLIGHT OPERATING ACFT TYPE C414 REG N9866L
CAPTAIN J. BUTLER PLUS 2 CREW AND 3 PAX
1.CAPT. J. BUTLER-11/17/1980-PP#565798426
2.CONTACT: MR. J. BLANCHARD-BAHAMAS AVIATION COUNCIL
PLEASE KNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF THIS MESSAGE AND CONFRIM LANDING PERMISSION TO KFULMYAF.
JEPPESEN DATAPLAN/INTERNATIOANAL FLIGHT SERVICES
Bibliography:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Global Navigation for Pilots 2nd Edition, Dale De Remer ©1993-1998 pg. 109
2.Garmin Company Logo, http://www.garmin.com. ©2003