Recent orders
Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders
An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease and disorder diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the impact that that these two systems can have on each other.
A variety of factors and circumstances affecting the emergence and severity of issues in one system can also have a role in the performance of the other. Effective analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their mutual impact. For example, patient characteristics such as, racial and ethnic variables can play a role.
Photo Credit: jijomathai – stock.adobe.com An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
Case Study Week 8 Case Study Scenario 1: 74-year-old male with a history of hypertension and smoking, is having dinner with his wife when he develops sudden onset of difficulty speaking, with drooling from the left side of his mouth, and weakness in his left hand. His wife asks him if he is all right and the patient denies any difficulty. His symptoms progress over the next 10 minutes until he cannot lift his arm and has trouble standing. The patient continues to deny any problems. The wife sits the man in a chair and calls 911. The EMS squad arrives within 5 minutes. Upon arrival in the ED, patient‘s blood pressure was 178/94, pulse 78 and regular, PaO2 97% on room air. Neuro exam – Cranial nerves- Mild left facial droop. Motor- Right arm and leg extremity with 5/5 strength. Left arm cannot resist gravity, left leg with mild drift. Sensation intact. Neglect- Mild neglect to left side of body. Language- Expressive and receptive language intact. Mild to moderate dysarthria. Able to protect airway.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following: Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.
Transformation Learning
Transformation Learning
The nature of teaching and learning is transforming due to the influence of technology and the creation of online learning environments.
- From your perspective, what are the characteristics of transformational learning?
- How does online education contribute to transformational learning? Provide an example of a transformational learning situation.
- What role does the teacher play in transforming learning? What role does the learner play?
- What should you learn about your students as you prepare to lead a group? How can you use that knowledge to leverage the group?
Relationship Between Smoking and Lung Cancer
Relationship Between Smoking and Lung Cancer
- Different study designs to investigate the relationship between smoking & lung cancer:
- Researchers recruited 200 70-year-old former factory workers who had been diagnosed with lung cancer, and an additional 200 70-year-old former factory workers who were screened and found to be free of lung cancer. The study participants were asked about their smoking history during the past 50 years. Among those with lung cancer, 127 were smokers. Among those without lung cancer, 35 were smokers.
Study design? Timing?
Using the data above, construct a 2×2 table. Identify and calculate the appropriate measures of frequency and association. Interpret your findings.
- Researchers recruited a group of 20-year-old factory workers and followed them for 50 years. During the study period, 162 participants were regular cigarette smokers, and 238 were non-smokers. By the time the participants were 70 years old, 127 of the smokers were diagnosed with lung cancer, as were 73 non-smokers. None of the study participants were lost to follow-up.
Study design? Timing?
Using the data above, construct a 2×2 table. Identify and calculate the appropriate measures of frequency and association. Interpret your findings.
- Researchers identified 400 individuals who worked at the same factory in 1930, at which time the workers were all 20 years old. In 2010, using medical records, the researchers assessed smoking behavior and lung cancer over a 50 year period previously. 162 of the workers had been regular cigarette smokes, 127 of whom had been diagnosed with lung cancer during the follow-up period. 238 of the workers were non-smokers, 73 of whom had been diagnosed with lung cancer during the follow-up period. 16 smokers were lost after 25 years, as were 23 non-smokers.
Study design? Timing?
Using the data from the study above, construct a 2×2 table. Identify and calculate the appropriate measures of frequency. Then calculate a difference and a ratio measure of association. Interpret your findings.
- Researchers recruited 400 70-year-old former factory workers to take a survey. A lung cancer diagnosis was reported by 127 of 162 smokers. Diagnosed lung cancer was also reported by 73 of the 238 non-smokers.
Study design? Timing?
Use the data described in the study above to construct a 2×2 table. Identify and calculate the appropriate measures of frequency. Then calculate a difference and a ratio measure of association. Interpret your findings.