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Culture is part of the everyday fabric of every society, which includes the United States society.
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Culture and Gender Roles
Culture is part of the everyday fabric of every society, which includes the United States society. Culture is significant as it helps in shaping the way things are done as well as our understanding of why things should be done in a particular manner. Based on this, culture involves the entire complex of distinctive material, spiritual and emotional features that a society possesses which included not only arts and letters but also modes of life, the value system, the fundamental rights of an individual as well as the traditions and beliefs. It, therefore, encompasses everything that is done in a society, and to which acts as a guide to the future generations.
Gender and culture are closely related. The expectations regarding behaviors and attributes that are appropriate to men or women as well as the relationship between men and women tend to be shaped by culture. Gender relations and gender identities are critical aspects of a culture as they are responsible for shaping the way daily life activities are performed in a family as well as on the broader community and the workplace. Gender functions as an organizing principle for society due to the cultural meanings provided to being a male or a female. Gender functions are evident in the division of labor in relation to gender. In most societies, especially in the United States, there are clear patterns of men’s work and women’s work that exist both in the household as well as on the broader society. However, there are cultural explanations as to why the division of labor does exist and why it should be so.
In the short story, “But I’m a Cheerleader”, the story is not only about sexuality, but also gender and the social construct of the gender roles (Babbit). The aspect of gender construct is depicted in the costumes where intense blues and pinks production costumes and designs are produced. With the campers wearing clothes that are typically associated with the standard male outfit and the standard female outfit, it tries to illustrate to the campers how normal straight people dress. Besides, the gender roles in the short story are reinforced by the tasks that are performed by the campers. For example, girls are taught how to clean a house, change a baby, wear a wedding dress, how to sew, how to wear make-ups and also how to look like a pretty young woman. Boys, on the other hand, are taught how to fix a car’s engine and change tires, how to play football and how to chop wood and spit. However, every society has differing roles of men and women as the patterns, and the explanations differ among the societies, which as well tend to change over time. Based on this, it is evident that as we move from one geographical location to another, societies tend to have different roles for both men and women.
While the specific nature of gender relations varies among different societies across the globe, the general pattern that does exist is that women compared to men have less personal autonomy. They also have fewer resources at their disposal, limited influence over the decision-making process which shape their personal lives as well as the society. Based on this, it is evident that there is a disparity between males and females not only in the United States but among all societies across the globe. Women have no equal opportunities, especially in places of work which include remuneration as well as the promotions to higher positions.
Women remain underprivileged in many societies, with most societies being led and dominated by men in major institutions such as decision making, leaving women to be mere commentators. For example, in the story, “No Name Woman”, Kingston uses the story of her aunt to illustrate gender roles in China. Women in this society had to take and respect gender roles that society gives them. Among the gender roles that women had to follow in China include getting married, obeying men, being mothers and providing food (Kingston). Women had to get married, and this is clear of the continued societal gender perceptions that have continued to permeate in China.
The history of gender stratification has been existent for a long time, especially in Canada, but there has been significant progress in trying to bridge the gap between men and women, thus reducing gender inequality. However, the effects of male dominance have continued to permeate in most of the global societies, and this is evident in the short story “Trifles” where men take charge in the investigation of the murder (Glaspell). The investigators are in “Trifles’ disregard the plight of women, for example, despite Mrs. Forster being married, she lived a lonely life that compelled her to murder her husband.
In Canada between 18959 and 1969, women were deprived so many rights; for example, they were not allowed to own or control property and not permitted to love. Besides, employers could legally pay women less than a man in the same job, abducting a woman who was not an heiress was not a crime, and more recently, women did not have the right to safe and legal abortion. In most of the societies, men and women are expected to follow the defined roles, but in some of the communities are breaking free from the traditional bondage. In the United States, men can now cook while women provide for the family.
Works Cited
Babbit, Jamie. But I’m a Cheerleader. Apropos présente [éd., 2005.
Glaspell, Susan. Trifles: A play in one act. Baker’s Plays, 2010.
Kingston, Maxine Hong. No name woman. ABC, 1981.
Evaluation of Jaguar XF Vehicle
Evaluation of Jaguar XF Vehicle
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Unlike other car production industries, XF industry under the Tata motors has been introduced, and it is believed to be the company that has been able to produce cars that have tried and satisfied their final customers. Jaguar XF is a brand that was first launched in 2007, and its headquarters is in Birmingham, England (Best et al. 2016). According to the developers of these machines, they assured that their clients would have a distinctive internal design of the vehicle, which will ensure that their clients can enjoy the comfortability awarded to them by the seats, which could be adjusted any angle one desires. Moreover, to ensure the vehicles’ security, there have been installments of cameras and applications that will read the owners’ faces before it can be ignited. This information has become very fruitful for the people who have been desiring to own a vehicle which could travel for a very long distance without the mentality that it can break down. However, due to their elevated prices and heavy fuel consumption, it could be disadvantageous for a fraction of people.
Jaguar XF is a vehicle that has an ARAI mileage of 10.8kmpl. The automotive research association of India shows the fuel economy of the vehicle. The ARAI is accurate because it shows how much the vehicle consumes and the distance it travels to consume that fuel. The fuel type of jaguar XF is petrol. This means that the vehicle uses the carburetor. The advantage of carburetor engines is that purchasing the carburetor, installing, and repairing is cheaper. Carburetors could also be tuned to meet the consumer’s desires (Peat et al. 2017). Carburetors’ main advantage is that since these objects are not attached to the engine, they could be repaired or replaced without touching the engine. The engine displacement of jaguar XF was in 1997. Engine displacement is the sweep of pistons and cylinders combined in an engine. It could be measured from the bore, strokes, and the number of cylinders present in an engine. The maximum power of the jaguar XF (bhp @ rpm) 197 bhp @ 4500 to 6000rpm. The max powers help calculate the vehicle’s speed without necessarily knowing the gear it is being driven in.
This vehicle is called the mini-beast and has significantly been compared to the Mercedes Benz e because they are believed to have almost the same services because the Benz also has the comfortability and safety provided by the jaguar vehicle. However, the jaguar is much cheaper than Mercedes Benz (Bogdanski et al. 2018). After all, it is believed to have attracted many customers because it has been in the industry for a very long time compared to the jaguar. Customers have trusted the company for the production of reliable and efficient vehicles over time. However, these vehicles have high consumption power of up to 1994 bhp compared to jaguar XF, which has a power consumption of 177 bhp. Due to their high power consumption rate, Mercedes Benz has high fuel consumption per ten kilometers compared to the jaguar; hence maintaining these vehicles is relatively expensive.
The good thing with jaguar XF is that it has a high engine capacity of 1999 cc compared to Mercedes Benz, which has a 1991 cc capacity. Due to its size, jaguar vehicles are made sporty because their engine can burn air and consumes fuel to produce high velocity upon acceleration. Even though these vehicles have high engine capacity, their fuel consumption rate in every 10kilometer ride is 1 liter (Thorley & N. 2016). This is relatively cheap as compared to Mercedes Benz. These features have helped to ensure that the vehicles produced by the jaguar XF satisfy the need of their customers. After-sale services, which include servicing the company’s vehicle and a warranty of up to two years, ensure that the customers will trust the company and not be afraid that they might face problems after they purchase the vehicles. Through personal contract purchase, a customer does not need to purchase the vehicle; he/she could pay for some time because they offer services that could be paid for some time. Moreover, these companies offer to hire purchases where you can make an order of the vehicle you want to pay for the set amount deposit, which is far much lower than the purchase price, then pay the installments monthly until you finish paying then you completely own the vehicle.
However, the XF company should produce vehicles with a substantial wheelbase to ensure that these vehicles are stable on the road to reduce the chances of being involved in accidents. They should also ensure that they should install trackers not to be easily traced by thieves and robbers (Liebl et al. 2017). Another improvement the company should consider is to employ the recent technology introduced in the land rover company where instead of changing the music or opening the sunroof manually, there should be commands that are done through utterances. This increases the comfortability of the vehicles. Their spares should also be available everywhere in the continent to encourage the buyers to purchase these vehicles without the fear of where they will get the spares.
The disadvantages of these vehicles under the XF are that they lack active safety features like lane departure alerts, blind spots, and other hazards that alert the driver to be aware of. Moreover, these vehicles have elevated prices. The purchase and maintenance of these vehicles could be relatively high because they have been considered luxurious vehicles hence their prices, unlike other vehicles like the SUV vehicles (Olatunji et al. 2019). Jaguar XF, therefore, is a vehicle that is expensive to be maintained or purchased by lower-class individuals. However, these vehicles have a 380W Meridian audio system, potent for music lovers. It also has a lightweight construction, which means that they are not very heavy compared to Mercedes. Their lightweight ability makes it intolerant to colossal impact.
In my opinion, I would go for jaguar XF because this is one of the vehicles which can stand any type of terrain subjected to it. After all, you can drive in all-wheel or for wheel drive at any time you wish to like. Additional features in this vehicle that make it outstanding from other vehicles are camouflage’s ability according to the weather and temperature. The exterior color of the vehicle changes at any given time (Kersulić et al. 2019). This the paint that has been painted by the manufacturer. The presence of sunroofs that could be opened by just a button is also a very satisfying feature with the vehicle, so I would always choose the jaguar XF. The vehicle’s temperature could also be maintained or regulated, which will reduce the mist like the feature that takes place in the vehicle’s windscreen.
References
Peat, A., & Buck, J. (2017). U.S. Patent Application No. 29/538,004.
Best, M., & Bogdanski, K. (2016). Full vehicle and tyre identification using unscented and extended identifying Kalman filters.
Bogdanski, K., & Best, M. C. (2018). Kalman and particle filtering methods for full vehicle and tyre identification. Vehicle System Dynamics, 56(5), 769-790.
Thorley, N. (2016). Jaguar-All the Cars. Veloce Publishing Ltd.
Liebl, J. (Ed.). (2017). Mercedes-Benz E-Klasse: Entwicklung und Technik des W213. Springer-Verlag.
Olatunji, O. O., Ayo, O. O., Akinlabi, S., Ishola, F., Madushele, N., & Adedeji, P. A. (2019). Competitive advantage of carbon efficient supply chain in manufacturing industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117937.
Kersulić, A., & Perić, M. (2019). VALUE NETWORK AS A KEY CATEGORY WITHIN EVENT SPORT TOURISM BUSINESS MODEL: THE CASE OF MERCEDES-BENZ UCI MOUNTAIN BIKE DOWNHILL LOŠINJ WORLD CUP 2018. Tourism in South East Europe…, 5, 363-374.
Evaluation of General Plan for Tempe City
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Evaluation of General Plan for Tempe City
The City of Tempe has developed its General Plan. The plan guides the city in developing efforts that enhance sustainable and livable urban environment that is sensitive to environmental problems affecting people living within the city, who learn, work and play within the city (General Plan 2030, the City of Tempe 2003) . The general plan focuses on maintenance and management of land use; therefore asserting the commitment of Tempe city to quality physical growth. This evaluation essay focuses on conservation as one of the sustainable approaches of maintaining and managing land use within the city of Tempe.
Conservation
Environmental elements, land and water, are the major topics under conservation. Environmental factors consist of various regional concerns such as air quality, pollution, noise, ambient temperature as well as energy resources. This subtopic covers the field that was discussed during the course.
Air quality
Tempe city is among the urban communities affected by environmental challenges. The pollution, congestions, and degradations have led to the implementation of programs and policies to improve the quality of life in the city. The Tempe is located at a non-attainment region with a particulate matter bigger than 10 microns (PM 10). The city is highly affected by air pollution including dust and pollen from the PM 10. These effects have resulted in the implementation of policies that help in promoting public health, the local economy as well as quality of life (General Plan 2030, the City of Tempe 2003) . The introduction of air quality standards by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have assisted in reducing air pollution in the city. The Federal Clean Air Act has provided the city with quality standards to eradicate the major air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter.
The implementation of such policies has helped the city to improve regional air quality. The achieved by regulatory compliance as well a local program and policies which reduce and mitigate the impacts of air pollution to people living within the city and the community at large. Besides, EPA has helped the city to promote the use of alternative fuels to prevent gas emissions from sources such as automobiles that leads to air pollution (General Plan 2030, the City of Tempe 2003). Transportation means are another interest of the city, and the Tempe residents addressed their top environmental concern for alternative modes of transportation such as the use of transit.
Noise
Like different urban settlements, Tempe city is increasingly affected by different sources of noise including trains, aircraft, automobiles and other activities that make cause nuisance to the community (General Plan 2030, the City of Tempe 2003). Increased demands for services and regional population and infrastructure increase the effects of noise within the city. This has led to the implementation of noise elements to reduce such impacts. The execution of noise elements is effective for Tempe city as they have assisted in promoting noise monitoring and mitigation; thereby protecting the quality of life among the residents. The city has achieved noise mitigation by tracking noise impacts to help in determining the problems and prioritizing any changes that can be made to reduce noise.
Ambient temperature
Temperature has resulted in affecting the lives of residents living within the Tempe city. This is because Tempe developed from the agricultural community to urban area enclosed by different communities (General Plan 2030, the City of Tempe 2003) . This advancement has contributed to the loss of irrigated open space, increased concrete and asphalt as well as building mass. Besides, ambient temperatures affect the application of open-air space and intensify energy consumption important in maintaining comfort. The introduction of ambient temperature element to Tempe city is beneficial since it assists in reducing the impacts of heat gain, thus maintaining a comfortable environment and minimizing consumption of energy. The execution of such elements also assists in promoting monitoring and mitigation of temperature regionally.
Land
Land elements tackle three regional concerns including habitat management, solid waste management and Brownfield development. Habitat management is the major concern of Tempe City. The city has demonstrated its effort on how to control urban environment for public safety and health with respect to non-native and native animals living in the community (General Plan 2030, the City of Tempe 2003). Habitat management element has been implemented in the city; to present a safe and healthy environment for the coexistence of both wildlife and humans. The policy assists in determining the potential and existing conditions that may challenge the restoration of habitat. It also assists in developing different methods to mitigate safety, welfare and public health issues.
Furthermore, solid waste tackles how Tempe city maintain urban environment for public safety and health based on hazardous waste and solid waste management, and reduction of waste. The implementation of policies and programs on solid waste management assist the city to minimize the amount of waste drained to landfills, reduce hazardous wastes effects on water supplies and lessen municipal waste and solid waste (General Plan 2030, City of Tempe 2003). The implementation of such policies have assisted in educating the residents on the significance of recycling and proper disposal of solid and hazardous wastes such as pharmaceutical, chemical or biological products. It has also encourages business premises to recycle their products and reduce packaging thus reducing poor disposal of solid waste to the environment.
Water
The introduction of water element assists in providing enough drinking water that meets the water quality standards (General Plan 2030, City of Tempe 2003). It also preserves safe yields on the use of ground water and exploits the recycling of non-potable and reclaimed water use. The general plan of the city of Temple has assisted in implementation of infrastructure and technologies that facilitate the use of effluent or reclaimed water where necessary.
Tempe provides its residents in the Tempe Water Service Area with water and wastewater services (General Plan 2030, City of Tempe 2003). The Tempe city depends on reclaimed (effluent) water, renewable surface water supplies and groundwater supplies. The Arizona Department has provided the Tempe city an assured water supply designation. This attests that the city has showed legal, physical and continuous availability of surface water, groundwater and effluent water in an aggregate amount to meet the demands of people for many years. The execution of such water element has provided the city with increased levels of water service and quality at a reduced cost for utility consumers.
For the conservation of its environment, Tempe city maintains the wastewater collection sewer system (General Plan 2030, City of Tempe 2003). The city introduces the treatment of wastewater within the wastewater treatments plants. Tempe city has and operates the Kyrene Reclamation Facility in southern part of the city. The execution of wastewater element in the city enhances safely treatment and collection of all wastewater from the businesses and residences within the Tempe city, and within the town of Guadalupe. This has been achieved by use of the cost-effective means and available technologies of treatment.
City of Tempe has also introduced Tempe Water Utilities Department which operates and preserves the storm water drainage and collection system (General Plan 2030, City of Tempe 2003). The implementation of National Pollutant Discharge System has enabled the city to implement programs to conserve pollutants within storm waters that drain into rivers and lakes from communities within the city. More so, The implementation of storm water elements have resulted in minimizing total volume or load of pollutants which are drained to receiving water bodies including Tempe Town Lake, Salt River or any other municipal lake; therefore, protecting water bodies for designated use by the residents.
Conclusion
Conservation of Tempe City as provided in the general plan of the city covers the important topic learned during the course. The general plan provides enough information on conservation and how the city manages its environment for public health and safety. The conservation element of the city of Tempe is appropriate to the city since it enables the city to monitor and mitigate environmental issues affecting the lives of residents and the entire public. Conservation elements include environmental, land and water elements and all these elements have resulted in improved safety and health within the city. It is, therefore, important for other urban communities to come up with general plan since this will the quality if lives and safety among individual.
Works Cited
General Plan 2030, City of Tempe. Tempe, AZ: Development Services Dept, 2003. Print.