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Discrimination And Racism
Discrimination And Racism
Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. New York: Academic Press.
Research carried out shows that racism and discrimination exists and they will continue to exist given that human beings are the one on universe and there happens to be nothing that is more common than feeling the remarkable needs of human beings unless the needs of people are hold, therefore, some individuals will always try to bring one another down. Other researchers on the other hand, also argues that, racism and discrimination will forever exist because there happens to be an “us” and a “them” that makes human beings to be always suspicion of the unknown groups who are outside of one’s own.
Discrimination is an act of treating someone in a way which is not favorable because of some personal characteristics that are governed by the law. Discrimination can be in the form of bullying a person because of the protected characteristics. Racism is the action of individuals, groups and the institutions subordinating other groups because of the color of the skin and can be the physical traits that are associated with those groups. Racism today still negatively impacts the lives of many Americans as it was identified within the Blacks, Hispanics, Asians as well as, in Native Americans. Racism mostly occurs when there is a reaction to dominate the groups or an individual leading to prejudice and discrimination. Therefore this paper analyzes Discrimination and racism in addition to the reasons as to why they exist.
Reasons why Discrimination and Racism exists
Wang, L. (2006). Discrimination by default: how racism becomes routine. New York: New York University Press. Retrieved September 11, 2012, from http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=pqivx6KE7ZUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=racism
Firstly, Racism exists as a result of prejudice. Prejudice is a preconceived judgment which is based on the limited information. For example if one has a prejudice attitude as well as opinions, it sometimes affects their own decisions and actions therefore creating racisms. Prejudice is developed by the omissions, distortions and stereotyping. A study shows that prejudice is an inescapable consequences resulting to racism in the society.
Secondly, Discrimination and Racism exists because of fear. People are fearful as well as not willing to unlock their chains of racial ignorance, hatred and bigotry. Because of that, they use discrimination as a tool of socializing with others. Most people fear that, they don’t know because they don’t understand the end results of that alien entity might be on them when they decide to change their views of others as well as accepting them making them to remain so fearful of what they don’t know. It has become so difficult for the discriminated and the racist people or groups to do away with the fear factor.
Thirdly, Discrimination and racism still exists because, today in different societies or workplaces; hate, intolerance and religious indoctrination are still evidenced every day. Because of these, it is hard to see discrimination coming to an end. Discrimination occurs when groups’ refuses to focus on a given point of the other groups seeing that all the human beings are equal in terms of the right to birth. The feeling of superiority leads to discrimination of other groups, thinking “I am better than you” furthermore “you don’t deserve what I have”. This is true because the groups who think so will continue to exist.
Discrimination and racism still exists as a result of selfishness of people within the society which is still practiced. Selfish comes as a result of racism. Several people in the society are very selfish and they tend not to care about others, however they only care about their own at an expense of other people. The potential for the people to become racist automatically increases when individuals fails to be taught on how to respect others. A study also shows that, the individuals who cares for other people does not practice racist, neither do they discriminate other members in the society.
Culture is part and parcel of human life
CULTURE
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Culture
Culture is part and parcel of human life. It is the ‘thing’ that separates human beings from animals. For example, if a person’s memory is flashed in a moment and their clothes removed, the person will most likely not see it as a bad thing. However, they learn it is a bad thing when they realize people starring at them and realizes that he is not the same as the people in his group, which is the human beings who look like him. The concept of being naked can be referred to as nature, and it is through nurturing of the human being that cultural concepts like putting on clothes come along. Therefore culture is learned, and it plays a very big role in the making of a person.
Culture is broken down into things and ideas, and things refer to clothes or signs when crossing the road, and this is referred to as material culture. On the other hand, the interpretation we give to the different material things we come across determines our cultural knowledge because different things mean different things to different people. Values and norms form culture. They guide behaviors and what one is supposed to do. For example, in one culture, a person may be willing to give a seat to an older adult who is fully acceptable and seen as an honor and respect to the elderly. On the other side things like helping the elderly may not be taken as important to society.
These are the norms and the values which guide what people do. They form a person’s behavior, and in so doing, certain groups of people are constructed with similar behavioral characteristics, and therefore, they can be referred to as a cultural community. There are also other categorizations of culture like civilized culture and un-civilized culture, as was observed by the Europeans, especially in the view of their colonies. Therefore culture is an important aspect of human life that cannot be alienated from human beings and people continue to improve and become better in their culture and learn new things.
References
a Sociologist, B., & Sociologists, F. Introduction to Sociology.
CrashCourse. (2017). Symbols, Values & Norms: Crash Course Sociology #10. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGrVhM_Gi8k
Discrimination and affirmative action
Discrimination and Affirmative Action
Discrimination is a vice present in different areas like learning institutions, health centers, work places, and in homes. Therefore, there is always action taken to overcome such discriminative acts which is affirmative action that deals with injustices of all kinds (Kellugh, J. E., 2006). In a business, there are a number of issues involving discrimination and affirmative action. Wal-Mart stores are a business entity with chains of large discount stores and warehouse stores. There are ethical issues that arise within businesses, affecting both the stakeholders and shareholders. Stakeholders entail all parties that have stake in a business, be it a customer, employee, the government and any other person with the outcome of the business. Business entities like Wal-Mart are faced with different ethical issues requiring stakeholders input in solving the underlying issues. Discrimination in Wal-Mart is an ethical issue which requires affirmative action from the stakeholders in the business (Babkina, A. M., 2004).
Discrimination is in different forms ranging from gender discrimination to racial discrimination. The main discrimination cases raised in Wal-Mart were issues on gender discrimination. The store was accused by its female employees of discrimination against them in various areas. These included lower pay than their male counterparts, fewer promotions of female employees, having most hourly shift employees as females with few holding managerial positions. The stakeholders affected by this issue of discrimination were the female employees, human resource department and their employer. Once tabled among the stakeholders, this issue of discrimination elicited a number of reactions from all parties. The main issue was that female employees felt unfairly treated due to their gender yet they work in the same environment and perform the same tasks as their male counterparts.
Discrimination as an ethical issue is a sensitive matter to anybody that has faced any form of the same. (Kennedy, R., 2013). When the issue of discrimination against some employees was raised at Wal-Mart, the stakeholders decided to take affirmative action to overcome the same. According to the store ethics, every employee has equal rights to work in an environment free of discrimination (Rabe, J., 2001). The issue of female employees being discriminated is against the values of the stores. To solve this issue, a few measures were put in place to correct the discrimination acts. After running interviews on the stakeholders, different views came up. It was agreed upon that the working conditions of both the male and female employees should be addresses in the same level depending on the shifts. Pay was to be standardized where both male and female employees of the same rank were to get equal pay.
Managerial positions in a business or work place as well as promotions are eyed by many employees and each of them strives hard to get a promotion and climb up the ladder. The stakeholders of Wal-Mart, dealing with the issue of discrimination in terms of denial of promotions and managerial positions of female employees decided to enact a rule on the same. The decision made was that employees would be promoted according to performance despite their gender (Leiter, W. M. & Leiter, S., 2011). Performance was to be analyzed by board members through feedback from the supervisors and immediate managers at the various stores. Performance was to be based on quality work, punctuality, good customer service and proper interpersonal relationships with other employees. Moreover, the longer the time worked in a particular store would deserve a promotion if one possesses the right credentials and proper work ethics. Based on their values, the stakeholders felt it would be fair and ethically right to treat all employees equally because they all contribute to the success of the stores.
References
Babkina, A. M. (2004). Affirmative Action: An Annotated Bibliography.
New York: Nova Publishers
Kellugh, J. E. (2006). Understanding Affirmative Action: Politics, Discrimination, and the Search for Justice. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press
Kennedy, R. (2013). For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law.
New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
Leiter, W. M. & Leiter, S. (2011). Affirmative Action in Antidiscrimination Law and Policy: An Overview and Synthesis, Second Edition. New York: SUNY Press.
Rabe, J. (2001). Equality, Affirmative Action and Justice. Stockholm: (BoD) Books on Demand