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Msc Globalisation. UCL Department of Geography
Personal statement
Wu Yuheng: Msc Globalisation — UCL Department of Geography
Majority of my friends are in doubt considering various career issues. I however been blessed with clarity considering my career goals and so I understand and know what I would exactly like to pursue. My exceptional critical thinking skills have enabled me to clearly define my goals. I have had a natural inclination to MSc Globalization from UCL Department of Geography. I am a person with overflowing potential of making a profound and lasting positive influence inn Globalization.
It is through my love for natural environment and the love for the reach and power of Geography that has influenced my choice for Globalization. My first degree on Economics and Social studies were completed in the University of Manchester. I have had a positive academic performance and continuously progressed through various study levels and performed well in both economic and social studies. Additionally, I am a good team player. I’m motivated, dedicated and a capable learner. This is confirmed by Dr. Young’s statement when he confirmed that she believes in my potentiality of doing well and so highly recommend me for masters in Globalization.
I successfully completed three modules in this University. I have further met various lecturers in discussion of my academic and personal matters. Dr Young for instance has appreciated my motivation and dedication towards my studies and was further impressed by the general desire to learn and improve myself. These are my strengths for achieving what I have started.
I have a had a experience in working with BBCWORLD SERVICE form March 2012 till July 2013. During this time, through my good command of English and Chinese language, I helped BBC in adopting content on UK file, education and entertainment form English sources for the Mandarin website (www.BBCUKChina.com). Additionally, I adopted content for BC’s news and current affairs website www.BBCChinese.com. I was thus able to apply the BBC editorial guidelines and production skills I had learned during my internship.
I have the desire to learn and so was able to learn BBC”s editorial guidelines suing the time I worked for them. I have the ability to master new skills, and curiosity to learn, whether formally or informally. I basically love learning new things either in class or just on my own. Willingness to learn is instrumental in development of my professional life. Learning more, means addition of professional knowledge that is necessary for my professional advancement. Eagerness to learn also assists in developing personal endeavors such as relationships and I believe these talents will enable me gain more in Msc Globalization. Learning has ensured that I understand the other person better and therefore know his likes and dislikes, hobbies, talents and the important occasions in their lives and this was evident when I participated in “world have your say” in BBC.
I have good organizations skills and this enabled me contribute my personal diary to BBC’s website and shared my study life experiences in the UK with various readers from Chinese. Additionally, BBC loved my writing style which had a personal touch and my writings were thus among the top 5 most population on the website. Noteworthy, my organized writings were further carried out by Chinese online partners including China’s largest portal QQ.com. When BBC World Service was bringing out the point on good communication skills, they did not forget to mention that I am a multilingual person who can speak more than two languages both internal and local. They also mentioned how I am acquainted with their editorial guidelines and this is one of my significant skills pointing that I can easily learn new things within a very short period of time.
I have very high critical thinking skills that can help me to succeed in any given working situation. I am a good listener thus I make sure that I say less but listen more to what another person is saying thus this can also help me to succeed when it comes to me dealing with very different people that I will come across in life. I also have very good communication skills both verbal and written which will help me to communicate with different people that I will be dealing with in this course and thereafter.
As I aspire to reach my goals I have come realize that the knowledge I have acquire through education as well as proficient interests are greatly linked to the role of leadership. My enthusiasm to continue with my education and also the experiences gained through management roles are beyond reasonable doubt the inspiration to embark in one of my most motivating journeys of my life. Since I was taught to value education beyond academia, I have always aspired to obtain knowledge of both culture and the community as well as be able to appreciate human condition. I am also quiet self-motivated and determined to broaden the skills and knowledge. Apart from academics, I have always participated with dedication as a member of the community service groups during my undergraduate years at Manchester University.
It is my sincere belief that I have the eagerness to embrace the challenges that I am sure Globalization will present. Therefore, I carry with me the enthusiasm, excitement as well as motivation, enough compassion and the confidence required to pursue this field. I also believe that this will in the long run allow me the opportunity to impact positively in the community, just as I have always dreamed.
More Reasons Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy
More Reasons Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy
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Institutional affiliation
More Reasons Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy
Introduction
Too many people, legal theory, philosophy of law, legal philosophy, and jurisprudence are terms that mean the same thing in the legal field. Most commonly, many people tend to relate legal philosophy and jurisprudent as being the same thing, which is not valid. The confusion between the meaning of the two terms comes as a result of authors not clearly distinguishing the two terms, but an article by Roger Cotterrell explains the distinction between the two terms. According to Cotterrell (2014), he states that jurisprudent is not legal philosophy, and he gives his reason behind his sentiments.
Cotterrell’s Position
According to Cotterrell, he states that there is a vast difference between legal philosophy and jurisprudence, but also jurisprudence is losing its ground on issues of legal philosophy. The complete takeover between legal philosophy and jurisprudence has not yet taken over as the schools of law have given the philosophy department to take over generating the general account of law (Robertson, 2017). The reason why the philosophers have been given total control over these issues is that lawyers feel as if their contribution is not taken seriously and not considered, which results in living the issue in the hands of the philosophers.
Professionals need to be placed in a field that suits them to prevent confusion, especially in the academic field. Having professional teach a field or a course that they have not specialized in it brings confusion to the students because these professionals use different techniques to teach a course which is not suitable for that specific field of study (Robertson, 2017). For instance, Brian Leiter who has a degree in law but has specialized in philosophy to Ph.D. level, Leiter has more specialization in philosophy, so in the instance, he is allowed to teach law to students, he uses philosophical approaches to teach law which results in creating confusion to the students. Having people who are not qualified in finding a solution to a problem in a field that they do not specialize in leads to more negative results because of the use of different approaches to the problem.
Different scholars have come up with the various definition of jurisprudent to show the difference between what it means and what legal philosophy means to show there relation or difference between the two (Robertson, 2017). Cotterrell critiques the definition given by other scholars stating that they are half baked and do not conform to the true meaning of jurisprudent. He says that jurisprudent cannot conform or developed by other fields of study apart from the law. Also, it cannot be generally described as it entails a lot of, and it is not just a part of the legal system.
Fish’s Contribution
According to Fish, he believes that there is a distinctive difference between jurisprudence and legal philosophy, and there is no comparison between the two. He also mentions that he believes that legal philosophy is not a superior practice of law. It is noted that legal philosophy is not focused on jurist experience; instead, it deals more with problems that are defined by philosophical interest. However, Fish disagrees with Cotterrell by mentioning that philosophy has no particular consequence for any other field or practice (Fish, 2003). Fish claims that philosophy is not a master of all arts, as previously claimed by philosophers because it does not directly affect other fields of practice.
The main issue why Fish has a different position of philosophy by using the anti-foundationalism epistemology (Robertson, 2017). Foundationalism states that people can attain an unmediated and direct perception of reality that is independently characterized by the human‘s perception. It states that it is by accurate apprehension of the exterior realism that humans can arrive at the truth. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the anti-foundationalism perspective claims that foundationalism perception is not possible because human reality is shaped by humans themselves (Fish 1989, p.326). Fish believes that it is human nature for them to live in a world with order and with significance in facts such as values and beliefs.
The primary aim of Fish to critique the foundationalism epistemology is because he says it built on the impossible beginning of the self. The foundationalism perspective tries to avoid the fact that human beings are limited and that there is a distorting nature of human beings which tries to paint them as mere accidents or contingent features. Fish claims that if human beings were locally rooted beings, it might show the relevant difference between jurisprudence and legal philosophy. Fish agrees with Cotterrell’s description of jurisprudence, where he states that it is a local theory, and it is rooted in a particular socio-legal situation reality.
Through fish arguments on anti-foundationalism, he gains more information that goes hand in hand with Cotterrell’s idea about rejecting that of legal philosophy has proceeded of jurisprudence. He says that for human experience to have a shape, it does so because of the background that is already in place (Robertson, 2017). It is due to the shared background in human beings that people tend to have the same meaning. On practice should not affect another, and it should not affect each other, and with that, then the relationship between legal philosophy and jurisprudence does not exist. As mentioned earlier, philosophy is not a superior art that affects other art, so it does not affect jurisprudence.
Disciplinary Autonomy, Interdisciplinary, And Interdisciplinary Borrowing
There is an objection to Fish’s analysis as it is termed as being defective since his thesis separates all tasks into different and separate units which barely not affected or influenced by other factors. His analysis does not explain interdisciplinary coordination or cooperation, which exists in the real world, as there is no independent practice (Robertson, 2017). Fish defends his arguments by stating that independence of practice is not attained by separating them from others but out is achieved by taking exclusive jurisdiction over the specific tasks that that are to be done in the society. Fish claims that disciplinary autonomy is claimed to have a direct relevant relationship between the jurisprudence and legal philosophy, stating that practice A can borrow from practice B.
Do Cotterrell and Fish Have Incompatible Epistemologies?
There is an incompatibility between Fish and Cotterrell, although they both agree that there is a difference between legal philosophy and jurisprudence, each of them has taken a different route to come to their decision (Robertson, 2017). For example, Cotterrell focuses more on socio-legal and sociological law while, on the other hand, Fish focuses more on denying that the anti-foundationalism epistemological have any relative consequences and does not pose any threat to intentions facts. Universal truth on this matter cannot be attained or reached without controversy, which is contributed to the fact that every individual has knowledge of something, and they believe what they know is the truth.
Conclusion
In conclusion, both Fish and Cotterrell agree that there is no direct relationship between jurisprudence and legal philosophy. The two also decide that jurisprudence is rooted in a practice that is specific to a particular place and time and legal culture. While on the other hand, legal philosophy aims at rising above local settings to grasp timelessness and universal truth. Although each one of them uses different approaches, the end up with the same solution that jurisprudence is not legal philosophy.
References
Cotterrell, R. (2014). Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy. Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought 5(1): 41–55.
Fish, S. (2000). Theory Minimalism. San Diego Law Review 37: 761–76.
Fish, S. (2001). Holocaust Denial and Academic Freedom. Valparaiso University Law
Review 35(3): 499–524
Robertson, M. (2017). More Reasons Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy. Ratio Juris, 30(4), 403-416.
Morality Policy
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Morality Policy
Morality policies mainly refer to the issue that pertains to the political conflicts and shaped by the debates above the first principles. They aid in assessment of conflicts rather than contributory contemplations of the policy design. The pattern of identification to demarcate morality from the corresponding non-morality issues mainly, which rely on the considerations of the presence of the conflicts over the first principle. The question normally arises in the political conflicts center of the fundamental values of a polity rather than the corresponding questions of efficient policy designs. With the dominance of the principle at the expense of the instrumental conflicts makes the morality policies to be technically less complex thereby favoring wider public involvement within the policy process. Moreover, higher public involvement coupled with procedural easiness favor lofty political salience of morality policies. In regard to the underlying characteristics morality policies normally institute a new policy type of the underlying social regulatory policy that reflects relatively highly conflictive and corresponding salient procedure patterns that guide the redistributive policies as well as defining governing regulations that governs the social interaction thus being monitoring in nature
There has been escalation recognition that morality policy as relatively narrow issues and authorities. Morality policy is normally categorized by the conflicts of the first principle that are of extremely salient to the general public. They are not considered as the arcade policy instruments since they are distinct and simple statements that stipulates a polity’s values. Morality policy is also characterized by flows from other characteristics morality policy politics possessing a relatively advanced than the normal level of the underlying citizen participation.
Moreover, morality policy possesses a precise policy type of framing the policy issues based on the underlying approach diversity amidst the morality and corresponding non-morality policies via taking into consideration of the policy contents. Policies are normally taken as morality policy if their underlying monitoring substance is closely associated to the public decisions over the social value even though the manifestation might transcend boarders. Policy based approach evade problematic assumption inherent within the politics based standpoint that postulate clear procedure patterns irrespective of the political system at hand.
Conversely, Public policy normally affects every citizen in diverse ways and studied in the form of the issue oriented approach. The terminology public policies refer to the underlying action of the administration and corresponding intentions that determine such acts. Thus, public policy is the intentional course of action followed by the prevailing government institution in resolving an issue of the great public concern. Development of the public policy is extremely extraordinary since it normally involves public view, experts’ thoughts, media attitudes, and active citizens. Policymakers incorporate economic resources circumstance, prevalent cultural ideas and corresponding global situations. Public policy possess long term and short term impacts that demands constant evaluation and are normally of symbolic significance. The procedure of developing a new public policy ideally follows three outlined steps namely agenda background, alternative formulation accompanied execution. Moreover, public policies are normally developed by the underlying religious and cultural organizations for the assistances of the prevailing audience and contributors. Public policy is mainly concerns with the body of the principles that purely fortify the operation of the lawful systems in every state. They address the social, moral and economic values that hold the society together. Values of the public policy differ in diverse cultures and alter overtime thereby reinforcing prevailing social prospects. Public policies are generally putative societal norms and replicate the cooperative morality that guides society.