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The Research Essay Assignment
The Research Essay Assignment
For your class research paper, your topic will come from one of the selected figures from history, philosophy, literature, and other significant areas of intellectual history that I have prepared for you (you’ll find these in Step #1 below). These figures range from Ancient (such as Plato and Aristotle) to more modern (such as Flannery O’Connor and Stephen Hawking).
Firstly, let’s make sure you understand what this research paper is not. You will not write biographies of these figures nor will you write a book report on one of their writings. Make sure you understand that from the outset.
This research paper is a thesis-based, argumentative-focused project. You will select one significant piece of writing from the figures I have provided and write a persuasive research paper on that writing (an exception might be if you write on, say, a poet like Emily Dickinson, where you would use selected poems for your project). So for example, you could select Plato and write on some topic that relates to “The Republic” (such as “The Allegory of the Cave”) or you could choose Karl Marx and write a critique of one of his ideas from “The Communist Manifesto.” You could write on Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations” or Albert Camus’s “The Stranger.” There are a host of options – literally hundreds.
Again, though, you will not write a paper where you summarize a work. That is a sure fire path to failing the paper (and likely receiving a zero). You will also not write an encylopedia-like article on your chosen figure. You will need to do some significant reading and research to find a topic based on something one of these men and women have written. I’ve provided a preliminary list of some suggestions, but you are welcome to find your own selection. However, your topic must come from the list of figures that I’ve provided. That is non-negotiable.
Requirements:
The final draft of your paper should contain the following minimum requirements:
1,500 words. This is exclusive of the works cited page.
A minimum of 5 sources (not counting your chosen work), which should be at least three scholarly articles (peer-reviewed articles, not web pages), one book, and one quality web page (e.g., a .edu site). You may use four scholarly articles instead of a web site if you wish.
Use MLA documentation for all source usage. You will use your research in a variety of ways. You may use direct quotations, paraphrase, or summarize the sources. Please see the “Source Usage” section below.
Use MLA format for the document design as well. Make sure that you format the first page properly. Ensure that your last name and page number are in the header on every page.
Have a focused argumentative thesis that comes from your close reading of your chosen text. Do not summarize or offer a book report.
Your paper should be focused on the work that you’re writing upon. The research should support your argument.
Edited with care. Avoid serious errors like comma splices, sentence fragments, run-on sentences, faulty possessives, and misused words.
The Big Picture: What This Paper Is and Is Not
As you’re working on your papers, I think it’s important to have a sense of the “big picture,” what this paper involves and what should be avoided.Remember from the outset that this isn’t a book report. You don’t just tell me about a particular work. You don’t summarize it. It’s also not a collection of random thoughts about the subject matter related to your chosen work. It is focused on the reading you’ve chosen. You need to stay engaged with the primary reading. And as a reminder, you do need the work or works you’re writing on. That should be a given at this point.
Your paper needs to have a main idea. That’s really what a thesis is – a main idea about the work that you’re writing on. It is not an obvious point, but something that you’re trying to argue for or against, a particular interpretation or particular anaysis.
You will use your research to help support your main point; however, the reseach does not do the “heavy lifting.” Using your sources is not a substitute for careful reading and reflection on your chosen work.
The Research Design Employed in the Article’ Abortion and mental health quantitative synthesis and analysis of research publi
The Research Design Employed in the Article’ Abortion and mental health: quantitative synthesis and analysis of research published 1995–2009
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I selected the article’ Abortion and mental health’ for this assignment. It aims to measure the correlation between abortions and the indicators of adverse mental health. The researcher conducted a longitudinal survey because they intended to collect relevant data of their study sample at various times (Coleman, 2011). They wanted to determine changes in their respondents’ thinking processes, patterns, and behaviors. The researchers divided it into two phases since the research employed a longitudinal survey. The first phase facilitated primary quantitative search using polls where the respondents were subjected to open-ended questions. The second phase of the survey involved sending survey emails to respondents.
Relying on baseline observations and conclusions sometimes gives inaccurate results due to biases or external factors that may hinder the research. Internal and external validities can contribute to the inaccuracy of the findings of a study (Matsuo et al., 2022). Internal validities entail establishing confidence in a study’s conclusions by ruling out alternative explanations. On the other hand, external validities refer to how findings can be generalized or applicable in different settings (Chytilova & Maialeh, 2015). The three criteria used to establish cause-and-effect in internal validities include the same variation in cause and effect, the caused preceded effect in terms of time, and the absence of an alternative in the relationship observed.
In the article above, the researcher eliminated threats to validity by random selection, where participants were randomly selected to represent the population. They also used the study protocol, where the researcher used specific treatments and administration procedures to facilitate the research and randomization (Coleman, 2011). Participants were randomly assigned treatments and control groups hence eradicating systemic bias between groups. The researcher finalized by identifying the setbacks of his study. He observed longitudinal effects, cultural bias, and the measure used to collect data limited the study.
References
Chytilova, H., & Maialeh, R. (2015). Internal and external validity in experimental economics. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9, 1944-1951.
Coleman, P. (2011). Abortion and mental health: Quantitative synthesis and analysis of research published 1995–2009. British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(3), 180-186. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077230
Matsuo, Y., Yamada, Y., Miyata, J., Aita, T., & Yoshioka, T. (2022). Importance of internal and external validity in clinical research: comment on the article by Fatima et al. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 74(1), 175-176.
A Flow Chart of the Juvenile Justice Process in the State of Washington (Clallam County)
A Flow Chart of the Juvenile Justice Process in the State of Washington (Clallam County)
(Clallam County, Washington, 2013)
The primary objective of the Juvenile Justice System is to ensure that the juvenile is rehabilitated. The chart shows the process that has to be followed in order to ensure that a juvenile suspected of committing a crime is prosecuted. In case the juvenile will be tried as an adult, they will be transferred to an adult court. This means that the case will go on differently as opposed to the one that would have taken place in an adult criminal process. The first part of the process is the committing of the offense. A person who has witnessed a crime should report to a law enforcement agency or the concerned party in the crime area. Secondly, an initial investigation of the crime will be carried out by an officer once the crime has been reported. The witnesses and the victims will be interviewed and an initial report will be prepared. The initial report will be given to detectives once it has been prepared
A follow-up investigation is conducted by an investigator and they contact witnesses to obtain formal statements. For example, if it is robbery, a description of the stolen items should be provided by the victims or witnesses. A photographic line up takes place and the suspected juvenile offender can at times be in the line-up. In case the youth has been identified and evidence exists, a Juvenile prosecutor has to be provided with a Delinquency Referral/Complaint. Depending on whether the juvenile has ever committed a crime, the case is diverted. If there is evidence to prove that the juvenile committed an offense, a Criminal Information is filed.
The juvenile is arrested then proceeds to custody and is put in detention at the Juvenile & Family Services complex. A court then makes a decision as to whether the juvenile should wait arraignment or be held in custody. During the first hearing a juvenile respondent is made aware of the charges and they can have an attorney. The juvenile has to enter a plea based on the charges against them and if they enter into a guilty plea, a disposition hearing date is then set. Before the arraignment hearing occurs, the defense and the prosecutor have to disclose information to all parties and the juvenile’s defense attorney has to be provided with a police report copy.
The Washington Law claims that if a juvenile is either seventeen or sixteen years old, they are to be filed in an adult court. This is depending on whether the crime is a robbery or a violent offense, among others. In case, there is reason to believe that the juvenile cannot be adjudicated, psychiatric evaluation on the juvenile should be conducted. There are times when the juvenile can enter into a plea agreement and a judge has to make decision on this matter. Thereafter, an adjudication hearing occurs and a judge can set a disposition hearing date if the delinquent pleads guilty. The delinquent can then be found not guilty or guilty and be put on parole, commitment to Juvenile Authority or probation. Lastly, the juvenile can either accept the sentence or file for an appeal to review the case.
I would change the process of the Washington juvenile Justice process if given an opportunity. Firstly, I would ensure that the process time is shortened and secondly, I would ensure that repeat offenders are given harsh punishments. There would be no need of giving repeat offenders an opportunity to plea. In turn, the Washington juvenile justice process will be performing well.
Reference
Clallam County Washington. (2013). The Juvenile Court Process. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.clallam.net/courts/juvenilecourt.html”http://www.clallam.net/courts/juvenilecourt.html