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Design a Sexual Health-care Service Project
The Name of Class (Course)
Professor (Tutor)
The Name of the School (University)
The City and where it is Located
Date of Submission
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc386651010 h 2Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc386651011 h 2Patient Centered Health Service PAGEREF _Toc386651012 h 2Reflective Practice Component PAGEREF _Toc386651013 h 4Interpretation of the theory PAGEREF _Toc386651014 h 5Application of the Theory into Practice PAGEREF _Toc386651015 h 7Reflection and Critical Review PAGEREF _Toc386651016 h 13Enterprise component PAGEREF _Toc386651017 h 14Interpretation of the Theory PAGEREF _Toc386651018 h 16Application of the Theory into Practice PAGEREF _Toc386651019 h 18Reflection and Critical Review PAGEREF _Toc386651020 h 22Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc386651021 h 23Reference PAGEREF _Toc386651022 h 24
IntroductionIn the healthcare industry, provision of services that is centered on patients is grounded on a set of persuasive and consistent characteristics that have an underlying capability of making it possible for patients recover well and remain healthy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), patient – centered services can be described as a state of full mental, physical and social wellbeing. This definition does not merely consider the absence of physical disease rather it focuses on health. Thus, in the healthcare sector, a patient centered service entails medicine that is fostered on the mind and body of a patient in regards to their social context i.e. healthcare providers capitalizes on the bio- psychosocial model.
Working in the teams of five group members, the main aim of this project is to develop a research proposal for a patient centered health service that deals with one or more aspects of sexual health. The group shall develop a service for sexual healthcare through grounding its thesis on the reflective practice is an instructive guide. Similarly, the project shall utilize creative concepts comprised in the business world as a basis of formulating a brand and marketing the service at a multi-cultural team.
Literature ReviewPatient Centered Health ServiceDesigning healthcare services that is solely focuses on the patients can prove to be challenging at intervals. This is because model presents a paradigm that is contrary to the prevailing physician centered approach, which is also widely known as the disease focused approach of health services. Additionally, the other challenge stipulated in the formulation of healthcare services that centers is focus on patients is the fact that it addresses the entire health and illness spectrum through services that intermixes diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. The relevance of this patients centered medicine is that its outcome enhances the long term sustainable health. The other dimension of patient centered healthcare service is that medicine is described by the actual needs of the patients rather than what the physicians do. Thus, any healthcare provider i.e. nurses, social workers, psychologists, etc. who helps patients in recovering from their illnesses and staying health is adequately practicing medicine.
In order for the patient centered service to be considered adequate, it should be as effective as described by whose comprehensive definitions. For instance, in the sexual healthcare sector, proper treatment of a genital infection does not mean that the service provided is effective. Rather, its effectiveness can be determined if the patient(s) have been correctly been advised on how the diseases is acquired, how it is treated and/ or prevented. Health effectiveness in this case entails addressing the mental and behavioral issues lurking the reason why an individual contracted the infection in the first place.
Moreover, the patient centered service should also be efficient in that the process of getting well should be made as easy as possible. This thus entails undertaking steps such as enacting health effective services, keeping easy access to materials such as medical records, treatments, etc., capitalizing on advance technologies to improve communication and medication for patients, etc. Additionally, every healthcare worker providing services to patients should be competent to their area of expertise. This is to ensure that the ethics of healthcare provision is maintained as every healthcare provider sticking to their line of medical operation.
Reflective Practice ComponentIn the healthcare sector, reflective practice can be described as a way utilized by healthcare workers to critically evaluate their work with the aim of improving their perfomance. The significance of reflective practice is that it ensures that doctors, nurses and other health care workers continue learning throughout their careers and line of profession. Furthermore, through this learning the efficiency of healthcare providers is enhanced making them relatively more qualified and proactive professionals. This is because the reflective practice fosters on the improvement of quality through bridging the gap between theory and actual practice in the medical profession (Neumeier, 2003).
One of the major aspects of reflective practice is that it is closely linked to the action research study, which has gained populace over the last recent years. The main objective of action research study is that it facilitates practitioners to evaluate and study various aspects of their practice. This is regardless of whether the subject matter is in context of introducing an entrepreneur idea, or in regards to reflecting on an existing idea. The main focus in this case is to improve the practice at hand. In most cases, the process of action research is instigated on the setting of the researcher. According to Hargreaves (1996), the most effective setting is a research based practice. This is because not only is it satisfying to the practitioner but also effective.
According to study conducted by Schon (1983), an evaluation on how professionals go about resolving their professional problems was enacted. The respondents of the study were people from five different professions i.e. management, engineering, psychotherapy, architecture and town planning. The outcomes of the study revealed a rather straightforward fundamental premise i.e. people who acquire real time coaching and allowed to critically think through the process have a high capacity of learning in a profound way. The hypothesis put forward from the study supported Everett Hughes rationale that as a result for acquiring extraordinary knowledge in regards to great human relevance, society has granted these professionals an authority for social sovereignty in their field of specialization.
Similarly, it has enabled these professions to attain a high degree of independence in their practice and bestowed them a license to decide who shall adopt the mantle of professional authority. Nevertheless, the current atmosphere surrounding this concept is filled with controversy, criticism and dissatisfaction. This is particularly because recipients want to know why they should grant the professionals all those extra ordinary rights and privileges.
Interpretation of the theoryThe aim objective of the Schon’s research study was to evaluate how people learn. The viability of the study is that he utilizes respondents from various professions and provides his study with exemplary examples from various situations. These examples range from a music perfomance, to architecture and psychotherapy, etc. From the discussions of Schon’s study a lot of lessons can be derived on how individuals can learn in their line of expertise. Action research for instance, is a concept that can be utilized by an individual to create their own practice in a project as well as in other dimensions and facets of their academic work. Here, reflective practice can be enacted through action research in the course evaluation, curriculum design, and etc. (Zuber-Skerritt, 1992).
In this study, reflective practice and action research can be utilized in the process of designing a sexual health project to reinforce ideas and actions stipulated. The significance of utilizing this theory is that it provides the group members with a chance to reflect and evaluate their knowledge, ideas and practices being implemented in the project. Through interactions, reflective practice and action research will aid all the group members to improve their understanding on each other as well as on the project. This will help the group members to formulate the project in a better manner (Swann, 2002; Bentkowska et al, 2008).
Since the project is expected to present a degree of challenges to the group members, the use of action research and reflective practice will go a long way in overcoming these challenges. This is because through reflection, guidance on how a new initiative can be implemented effectively shall be bestowed. The approach shall enable the project to be influenced through construction and context. The reflective practice approach that shall be utilized in the project is classified into eight steps (McNiff et al, 1996). These are
The description stage: which defines what the project is and what the goals of the processes are
The planning stage: which elucidates the activities that shall be undertaken, the time schedule, budget, etc.
The research stage collects both primary and secondary data that are needed for the completion of the project
Action stage- describes how the patient centered service in the sexual healthcare sector shall be performed.
Observation stage- monitors all the variables and dimension of the project
Evaluation stage- takes into account the positive and negative outcomes of the project
Analysis stage- provides a discussion of the project accounting what the implications of the outcomes are, what the limitation and strengths of the project are, etc.
Reflective Practice stage- entails providing a recommendation on what variables can be changed in order to improve the outcomes of the project.
The reflective process is such that whatever recommendations are highlighted at the final reflective stage, the feedback shall be imposed onto the first stage and the process shall be repeated again (Carr & Kemmis, 1986).
Application of the Theory into PracticeIn this project, reflective practice has been enacted into main ways i.e. the reflections illustrated by group members at individual levels and per group; and secondly through every step undertaken in designing the actual project. The design of project was commenced in a case study. Here, an evaluation was enacted on eight distinguished cases, after which the group members proceeded to conduct the secondary research. There are three main methods that were used to collect secondary data i.e. group members individually surveyed the sexual health care website of South Shields, North Shields, Newcastle, Sunderland and Durham. Group members also evaluated the service approach that was currently being utilized for treatment.
Secondly, we identified the gap that existed between the services being rendered to patients and the patients themselves. It was noted that the practice that was currently being utilized was one where only patients sought out the healthcare services. Moreover, there were no communication patterns and/ or networks between each other. Thus, the importance of improving the current situations between patients and the quality of services being provided to them was highlighted. Similarly, group members saw the importance of developing ways in which patients would be encouraged to come and seek for the healthcare services.
The third step of the project was to identify and determine the targeted audience of the sexual healthcare service being formulated. Here, it was determined that the main target audience of the project is patients suffering from all types of sexual illnesses. This is was to ensure that the project did not leave out patients suffering from varying forms of sexual ailment. When the reflective practice was conducted on this step, it was noted that the audience for this project was relatively big. The group members sought to narrow down the targeted audience to ensure that the project becomes very significant to the type of patients that would be decided upon. The shortcoming of focusing on all the people suffering from various forms of sexual ailment is that it is the scope of the project will be relatively big. Thus, evaluating respondents with different sexual ailments can be relatively difficult. Furthermore, it will be more difficult to provide patient centered solutions as the minds of the patients in this case will be very diverse.
The main objective of this project was then altered and narrowed down to resolving the genital candidiasis sexual disease this is mostly found in women. Candida albicans is a type of fungus often found in minute amounts in the digestive tract, mouth, vagina and skin. In most cases, it hardly causes any symptoms or disease in the human bodies. However, symptoms of genital candidiasis can be imposed if one is pregnant, obese, diabetic or is undertaking an antibiotic dosage. Genital candidiasis, which is often recognized as a yeast infection is not a sexually transmitted disease, it however causes rash and/ or itchiness on the penis if an individual has sexual interaction with an infected partner. Below is a sample of respondent’s health record
Symptoms Peri Urban
N=100 (%) Malir
N = 98 (%) Maikl
N=99 (%) Manik
N = 85 (%) Total as reported in the medical records
N = 382 (%)
Yellowish Discharge 14.0 19.2 20.0 21.4 18.6
Whitish Discharge 95 81.2 85.9 76.5 84.4
Itching 17 15.3 7.1 7.1 11.5
Foul smelling discharge 34 22.4 20.2 26.6 25.9
Lower backache 35 44.7 75.8 30.6 46.6
Lower Abdominal pain 43 18.8 45.5 11.2 4.2
Burning Micturition 14 3.5 4 4.1 6.5
Dyspareunia 10 2.4 1 3.1 4.2
Fig 1: STI symptoms noted in medical records
Diagnosis Peri Urban
N=100 (%) Malir
N = 98 (%) Maikl
N=99 (%) Manik
N = 85 (%) Total as reported in the medical records
N = 382 (%)
Candidiasis 17 8.0 12.1 39.4 19.5
Trichomonas 13 49.4 19.2 15.2 28.3
Chlamydia 9 0 1 4 3.6
Cervitics 0 37.9 19.2 0 13.5
Gonorrhea 5 1.1 1 3 2.6
Bacteria Vaginosis 58 25.3 51.5 52.5 47.5
The design of this project is such that the patient centered treatment for the genital candidiasis problem is through enrolling in a treatment program. Here, the patients diagnosed with the yeast infection are required to register in the treatment program. The healthcare providers are the required to conduct a number of exams and test to diagnose the problem. Some of the signs that healthcare workers will be looking for include redness and swelling of the skin of the vulva on the cervix and in the vagina, dry white spots at the vaginal wall, cracks in the skin of the vulva, etc. For patients diagnosed with two or three of these symptoms a sample of their vaginal discharge shall be taken and assessed using a microscope. This form of test is known as KOH and wet mount tests (McKernan, 1994).
Treatment for genital candidiasis can be provided in several ways. Medications to treat this infection can be availed in either suppositories or creams. Other forms of treatment can be purchased without specified prescription. In this project however, the main goal for the design is to treat patients already infected with the genital candidiasis disease. The design also aims to increase awareness of the infection and to educate people on how they can mitigate the risks of infection and how treatment can be prescribed individually. Through the program people shall learn that is okay for them to treat themselves if:
They witness mild symptoms of the disease which do not have fever or pelvic pain
They are not pregnant
They are not worried about any sexual transmitted illnesses from their recent sexual encounter
They have suffered from the genital candidiasis before
Some of the medications that can be bought include Clotrimozale, Miconazole, Butocanozole, and Tioconazale. It is significant for patients who opt to treat themselves to read the packages carefully and utilize the treatment as directed. Additionally, patients should ensure that the finish their medications rather than stopping when the symptoms are assuaged.
Patients who are required to visit the treatment program may be provided with medications that run between three to seven days. The healthcare providers may prescribe a medication known as fluconazole that is ingested once in a day. Depending with the severity of a patient’s genital candidiasis disease, medications can be prescribed for a period of fourteen days. Nonetheless, medicines such as fluconazole or clotrimozale vaginal suppository pill may assist patients to prevent novel infections.
Reflection and Critical ReviewAs explained earlier, the hypothesis of this project is founded upon the case study conducted by Schon (1983). The outcomes of this study revealed that the best way that to learn a concept that influences a behavior is through self-discovered and self-appropriated learning. Thus, the design of the project was formulated in a manner that practitioners were allowed to work hand in hand with their patients in order to help them identify the cause of their infections, treatment and prevention from future occurrence. The project also aims to meet the various aspects of the patient centered treatment through ensuring that the respondent recovers easily from the ailments by addressing the mental and behavioral issues lurking the reason why the yeast infection reoccurs.
For instance, patients may be advised to ensure that they keep their genital area dry and clean. Patients are also advised to avoid cleaning these areas using soap and preffably use water only due to the neutral pH nature of water. Similarly, sitting in a bath that is warm rather than hot may help prevent the symptoms of the infections. If a patient is diabetic, they are normally advised to maintain their sugar levels under acceptable ranges. Again, women are encouraged to use pads as opposed to tampons. They can also opt to wear cotton innerwear or panty hose that is made of cotton crotch rather than innerwear that is made of nylon or silk. This is because the latter materials are not particularly absorbent and they also restrict air flow. Thus, this increases sweating in the genital areas which ultimately causes irritation.
In regards to designing the project several challenges were encountered. One of the earliest problems is that a lot of time was spent trying to identify what audience would best suit the design of the project. Secondly, the group faced the challenge of an unclear division of roles and responsibilities to be undertaken during the project. Thirdly, a design map on how the project should be undertaken was also not clearly formulated. The diversity in the ideas of all group members made it harder for a concise decision in regards to the project to be enacted.
In an individual level, some of the shortcomings that contributed to the unsuccessful completion of the project are that inadequate research was undertaken for the study. Thus, the data collected was neglible and insufficient to design a project on its basis. Language barrier was also the other challenge that I encountered as member of the group.
Enterprise componentIn the healthcare industry, the marketing variable entails identifying the needs of a patients and developing ways in which these needs can made. Good marketing entails carefully planning for the goals, strategy and missions for the activities to be undertaken. Secondly, it entails proper execution of these plans and strategies to attain the set objectives using the stated techniques and tools (Kotler et al, 2009; Kotler & Keller, 2001).
The critical aspects of marketing include targeted markets, market segmentation and positioning, marketing and distribution channels, customer value and satisfaction, business environment, competition, product offerings and branding, supply chain, etc. The managerial background of the project entails aspects such as leadership, concern for perfomance, good discipline, power base, consistent high values and hard work of employees, communication skills, effective work systems, sensitivity and enthusiasm, to interpersonal relationships (Kotler & Keller, 2009).
One of the core relevance of marketing in this project is to identify what the customer base for the project is. As highlighted earlier, the customer base for the project is the patients suffering from the genital candiasis infection. The main objective of marketing on the other hand, is to create interest and awareness on the product among the targeted customers. Similarly, marketing in project aims to build a brand in regards to the treatment program. There are three main ways in which a brand can be created i.e. brand resonance, brand positioning or brand value chain (Pitsaki, 2008).
Furthermore, a successful brand requires a plan i.e. a well written plan describing the future of the business, what the goals and objectives are how these factors will be achieved. There are several benefits that branding has in regards to this project. One of these benefits is that branding helps patients who are affected by the clubbing problem to know about the availability of a treatment program. Secondly, branding helps the healthcare organization to strategically position themselves so as to gain a competitive advantage. Thirdly branding helps the design of the healthcare treatment to be easily identifiable and accessible to the targeted consumers (Johnson, 2003; Pitsaki, 2010).
Building a branding identity to a product and/ or services is indispensible since it helps an organization define itself in regards to achieving its brand prospect and uphold its business principles while attaining its corporate missions. Moreover, branding identity is vital since the more meaning customer find your marketing, the more they will prefer to spend money for your output, and the bigger the customer loyalty will be for that preferred brand (Barrow, 2005).
In this project, brand identity can be achieved through answering the following questions
What are the vision and the mission for the output?
What are its unique attributes
What are some of the customer needs being fulfilled by the output?
What is its permanent crusade?
What are the values of the service?
What field of competence is the output comprised in?
What signs color and attributes makes the brand recognizable to the targeted consumers?
Interpretation of the TheoryIn the business world, service can be described as an intangible output involving a perfomance, deed or an effort which physically cannot be possessed (Dibb et al, 2006). Some attributes of a service include (Parasuraman et al, 1985):
Inseparability: They can be produced and consumed simultaneously
Cannot be separated from its providers
Consumers are involved in the process of production
Service provider influences the quality of service being provided.
Intangibility:
Services cannot seen, tasted, smelled, heard or felt before they are bought.
To minimize uncertainty, buyers typically look for signals of service quality.
Variability:
Quality of services is dependent on who provides them as well as when, where and how provided.
Difficulty of guaranteeing uniform service quality.
Perishability:
Services cannot be stored for later use or. sale
Less of an issue when demand is steady.
Price discrimination
Some of the factors that need to be attained by the project for this service to be successful include:
Access. Convenient locations and times with little waiting.
Credibility. Trust Service Company and staff.
Reliability. Consistent and dependable
Security. Service used without risk.
Responsiveness. Respond to customer problems / questions.
Tangibles. How well managed tangible evidence (décor, layout, staff)
Understanding the customer. Understands expectations.
Competence. Staff has required skills and knowledge.
Courtesy. Friendly and polite manner.
Communication: service described clearly and accurately.
In this project, healthcare services shall be administered to customers in three main ways. The first way is through the use of campaign. Here, the design shall utilize the word of mouth, customers, and advertisement using posters and electronic media to create awareness among patients suffering from yeast infection. Similarly, the campaign is aimed for all men and women since they are also at risk of contracting genital candidiasis. The focus of the campaign shall be to educate individual on how they can minimize the risks of contracting the infection. The campaign shall also focus on educating people on how they can impose treatment on themselves and how they can also capitalize on the treatment program stipulated by this project to treat all the genital candidiasis cases of patients.
Secondly, the design shall take advantage of volunteers who can mentor patients to take part in the treatment programs. Thirdly, the design shall create a social club for patients to meet and mingle with other people across the world. To the treatment program, the advantage of creating the social club will be to increase customer loyalty for the healthcare design. Furthermore, for the patients, this club shall be relevant since it ensures that treatment is enacted at reduced prices. It will also ensure that members of the club have free access to information regarding the genital candidiasis problems as well as other sexual health problems.
Application of the Theory into PracticeThere are several ways in which the value of a brand can be evaluated. First the each value chain of a product line can be evaluated in terms of the activities comprised within it to produce the product or service. Secondly, an evaluation of the linkage between each value chain of product line should also be enacted. Thirdly, analysis of the flow potential synergies among the value chains of various business units or product lines should be conducted.
In this project, the service provided has value because not only does it create a treatment program for people suffering from yeast infection it also creates awareness it also has a prevention campaigns, which educates all and sundry on how risks for the disease can be averted. The latter ensures that fewer people get ill through increasing awareness and ensuring few people need the treatment program.
The brand identity for the treatment retention program is ‘Know Yourself’ with a logo of a woman touching her lower abdomen. This is also the name that is bestowed to the service being provided in the program. The relevance of this brand is that it uses a name that is simple and self-explanatory to its audience. Similarly, it aligns the objective of the healthcare design to its mission. Since the objective of the ‘Know Yourself’ program is to provide treatment for patients suffering for genital candidiasis, and also create awareness among people.
The service provided via the treatment retention program also has loyalty card, which is given to patient who are register in our service. The provision of the loyalty cards is such that one can get via treatment, through bringing friends and/ or as a volunteer. When eight stamps are put on a patient’s loyalty card, they are eligible to get into the revised treatment prices for members in the club. They are legible to the wide variety of information provided through newsletters, magazine, healthcare libraries, etc.
Reflection and Critical ReviewThe main objective of the treatment retention program is to find and bestow suitable solutions for the patients. This is because it would make a great conception and provide a robust basis for better practices to be instigated. In the process of establishing a business model for the project all the members of the group have been given individual tasks to undertake. Some of the challenges that the team faces is to formulate the correct methodology for selecting the right choice for brand positioning. This decision mainly depends on the gap that is utilized i.e. how to alter the prevailing situations between patients and services. Additionally, the feature of the project’s brand is very distinct.
ConclusionFrom this project there are several lessons that have been stipulate. One of the key lessons that have been is the methods that can be used to identify existing problems and solved problems. For instance, the use of action research and reflective practice in the project has played an indispensible role of identifying short comings emanating throughout the process of the completing the project. The action research study held a critical role of evaluating current practice and identifying elements of change brought about by the designing the various professional practices. The process of this project is founded on evidence that enabled group members to make informed decisions rather than intuitive judgment and decisions.
This report has also enabled me to understand the significance of patient centered medical treatment and services. Unlike the other treatments where healthcare services are fostered on patients in general, the service provided by this project considers the unique aspects of patient’s needs. It considers factors such as the reasons for the sexual health problem, their varying capacities to overcome addictions, etc. Thus, rather than imposing medication and treatment for patients with generally similar symptoms, the unique aspect of patients is considered and treatment is provided accordingly.
References
Aaker, D., 2002. Building Strong Brands. London: Free Press
Barrow, C., 2005. The business plan workbook. London: Kogan Publishing Ltd
Bentkowska act-Kafel, T. Cashen and H. Gardiner, 2008. Proceedings of the CHArt Twenty-Fourth Annual Conference held at Birkbeck, University of London
Carr, W. & Kemmis, S., 1986. Becoming Critical: Education, Knowledge and Action Research. Basingstoke: Falmer Press
English, S.G., 2008. Enhancing the reflective capabilities of professional design practitioners. Sheffield, UK: Research Society International Conference
Johnson, R., 2003. Perfect business plan: all you need to get it right first time. London: Random House Business
Keller, K., 2008. Strategic brand management: building, measuring, and managing brand equality. Harlow: Prentice Hall
Kolb, D., 1984. Experiential Learning. Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
Kotler P. &, Keller K., 2009. A framework for marketing management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Kotler, P., Keller K., 2001. Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Prentice Hall
McKiernan, J., 1994. Curriculum Action Research. London, UK: London, Macmillan
McNif
Crime Films
Crime Films
When looking at the crime film it is important to understand the nature of the films genre. The genre is a way for the audience to distinguish types of films. These are categorised together because of standard protocols developed for a particular types or styles of film. These films usually follow similar guidelines in order to produce a predictable style for the audience. The development of genre films is not entirely the prerogative of Hollywood. It is more the desire of the public viewing audience to have an idea of the type of film they are about to see. The western, musical or the gangster film are examples of genre films. These categories of films all have similarities in the ways in which they are made: musicals end happily; the westerns will all have the final shoot out; and the gangsters will all be overcome by justice or meet their own demise. The reason for the consistency in the films is the public’s desire to make an informed choice not and not to go in blind.
By using the genre qualification, the industry is able to target societal groups and try to produce and market what they want to see. The public attends a film because they think they might enjoy some aspect of it. The film genre follows a set of abstract rules that allows the public to informally categorize films. These rules must be viewed from a flexible point of view in order to legitimize their future existence. By using this method of categorizing films the public is able to decide which films they wish to see and those they do not. Some people love musicals and if they were to go to one and find there was no music or dance they might not be too pleased. The concept of genre is one that may provide benefit to the viewers but at the same time may also present problems for the directors who must compromise their artistic aspirations. Examples of this can be seen in the production of sequels, and the use of repetitive set qualities. These may include the mise en scene of the picture or the inclusion of similar sound. Because of these unwritten rules the directors must include some of the familiar aspects of the genre. The greatest problem may be that the film must fall into a genre category. Defining it within the genre may be compromising to the nature of the film.
Scarface (1932 U.S.A. – Howard Hawks) is a film where ones view of the lead role is ever changing with the apparent mental stability of the character.
Tony, the principal character, exhibits personality characteristics found in every person’s life which normally must be kept hidden. People appreciate the fact that Tony has the guts to do what he wants and at the same time gets the respect that he feel he deserves. Every man’s dream, and on top of that he gets paid. There is always a fascination when money and power is involved.
The character is portrayed through the majority of the film to be worry free, on top of the world, healthy, respected, and loved. The major problems presented to Tony through the earlier portions of the film are those just like any common man: arguments with his mother and sister; family disputes; and overzealous protection of his sister. In presenting the life and times of Camonte, the viewer sees problems that might also be present in his/her own life and can therefor relate well to them. Being able to emulate the life of the film character enables the viewer to feel sympathy or compassion. If the viewer can relate, he can then justify or understand the actions of the condemned.
The audience is lead into the hands of Tony and the sympathy lies with his expression of emotion. A man whose ruthless desire to be on top enabled him to kill one of his better friends and sisters lover remains capable of showing remorse or fear of being alone. This is how we are able to suddenly feel for him. He’s tough: a man’s man. You have to like him. The character of Tony Camonte might be that of a mean and ruthless killer but at least he’s a capitalist, an important quality at the time. Tony throws money around, gets the girl and a whole lot of respect. These are the opportunities that many men would love to have.
Down to the wire we feel for the man who had it all. We recognise that any man who is that tough has to have some feelings that when exposed engender our admiration. By introducing the audience to the emotional side of Tony Camonte, a closer relationship between the viewer and the character is established. This, of course, is appealing to the viewer and we return the favour by cheering for Tony Camonte.
Bonnie and Clyde (1967 U.S.A. – Arthur Penn ) is a film where audience sympathy tends to run wild. There are many variables that make it impossible from any generations’ point of view not to sympathise with them. The two characters appeal to everything that contemporary youth embrace. Unfortunately, the way in which the qualities of characters are presented exploits the use of violence as is common in most of today’s cinematic productions. The relevant or appealing aspects are fundamentally the same.Bonnie and Clyde live lives that incorporate all of the adventure and wild free spirit that many wish to emulate. Viewers are able to empathise because of the exploitation of their humanity rather than in a criminal context. Among the compelling problems are those involving Clyde’s brother and the ever disturbing spectre of Clyde’s virginity. In addition, in order to gain more of the viewer’s favour, the characters were given simple underprivileged backgrounds. This eased the audiences’ guilt in readily accepting the criminal aspects of the main characters lives. That which should be seen as horrifying is made acceptable through the use of humour. By making parts of the life and times of Bonnie and Clyde funny, the audience is able to accept that the criminals may not be as depraved as they thought. After all, all share the same appreciation. The film depicts the life of crime with a flair for the romantic. Day and night share unencumbered skies. The visit with family and friends is depicted as light fun full of laughter. What could possibly be wrong with an idyllic life full of fame, fortune and family at a time when people were losing their houses and sleeping in the car?
Bonnie and Clyde fall in love at first sight, together to the end, fighting for each other’s honour and gazing into each other’s eyes just before the onslaught of lead from the symbolic bad guys. Of course we all know that their lifestyle is abhorrent but it is difficult not to seek out and accentuate the positive of their psyche. They don’t have to be sympathetic to the little man, but they are. The characters are developed to enable them to justify what they are doing by their simple wish to be able to afford to exist. `Some people are carpenters and others are robbers’ is the unexpressed emotion. By this we perceive a lack of intent to harm and an inability to differentiate. Clyde ratifies this inability by his response to the question: ” If you could do it all again, how would you change things?”. His reply “Live in one state and commit crimes in the other.”.
With relation to the gangster film the genre exhibits constant evolution.
The basis of the gangster film lies in the progression thought the ranks of the hood to eventually try to gain power and usurp the organisation. The film usually ends in a great shoot out where the law has finally caught up with the villain, ending in the death or ultimate demise of the gangster. The development of the genre is of utmost importance to the production of films.
Audiences do not want to see the same movie over and over. They only want to see the same type of movie. To accommodate this Hollywood tends to exploit the history and events of the era.
The development and evolution of the genre can follow many different routes. Events in history have been of great influence in changing the classical genre film styles. The evolution of the women’s movement, the roles of the family and the portrayal of war after WWII are some major examples. As we saw in White Heat the use of the A-bomb was integrated into the final shot of Cody Jarret. The great depression in the mid-west was the setting for the rural gangsters of Bonnie and Clyde: a film that changed the way the classical gangster was viewed. Earlier gangsters were all powerful and strived to be omnipotent. They had the money and the power to corrupt. With Bonnie and Clyde we see two gangsters who are really only trying to survive. The Gangster is portrayed with a good side by the protection and favours afforded the little man.
The earlier gangster was one who terrorised all whom he encountered and terrorised all classes. By their actions Bonnie ans Clyde are given a status befitting Robin Hood; taking from the banks but not the poor.
Although the actions of the Gangster cannot be condoned, there is an uncontrollable urge to sympathise with him. In many ways one has to feel sorry for the man who knows nothing more than a life of crime, always running from the law and ultimately dying full of fear. One of the main reasons that we sympathise with the gangster, for a short time, may be the inherent knowledge of what is likely to happen. We are not sure of how the events will unfold but we have an idea that they will develop against a definable set of guidelines. This knowledge gives the viewer the upper hand and therefor might be responsible for the sympathies afforded the villain. From an even broader point of view one could argue that if the viewer has an idea of the events that will unfold before entering the film, then undoubtedly if those events are not the ones s/he is looking for in an abstract way, dissatisfaction may prevail. In the same instance, the viewer may be ready for an adventure of expectations and has prepared him/herself to be ready to sympathise with the villain or gangster.
The motivations could be one of many and may not even occur during the film but may have been learned as a genre throughout years of viewing.
Acceptance of criticism of abhorrent criminal behaviour is impossible to defend but the ability to imagine is a characteristic of which every human is capable. The problem lies in how far the imaginary is allowed to rule the realistic. Most of us wish that we could have the experience, the feelings of adventure and unrestricted freedom portrayed in Bonnie and Clyde but that gives us no reason to rob banks.
The sympathies that are felt for the characters can for the most part be generalised by saying that the “principle” of the film is most often the character that receive the greatest attention. This is fundamental in the understanding of a film and in the deliverance of a story. The apparent identification with characters of certain types of films is totally dependent upon the desires and expectations of the viewer. It is the ability of the audience to identify with the central characters of a film that keeps them watching. The use of the imagination or a simple wish to be exposed to other possibilities are the fundamental reasons for entertainment. The criticisms being aroused by those who are opposed to the way in which crime is occasional depicted, believe that real life and the stories told by films are becoming increasingly similar. The criticism can be justified in some respects but by justifying these criticisms there is an implied ignorance for the individual intelligence of the general population.
Bibliography
David Bordwell, Kristin Thomson, Film Art an introduction: McGraw-
-Hill,Inc.:University of Wisconsin,1993.
Graeme Turner, Film as Social Practice: Routledge, 1993.
Desert Tourism in Dubai
Desert Tourism in Dubai
Tourism has been a major revenue earner for many governments and created employment to a large number of people across the globe. Over the years, the tourism business has been booming with increased investments in then sector. Henderson notes that, what has come as a surprise is the reason as to why people would love to tour a desert. For most people, when tourism is mentioned, the sandy beaches of Hawaii, The wild of the dense Brazilian and African forests and the fun in Los Angeles and Vegas ring a bell. However, it is evident that the desert tourism has been a major trend in modern days especially with the construction of the famous Abu Dhabi (Henderson, 88). Among the factors that attract various people to Dubai, we have shopping where; Dubai is a cheap source of items across the globe at affordable prices, therefore, attracts numerous shoppers. In the year 2011, the city attracted about 9 million tourists from across the globe. Unlike in other cities, we realize that the economy of Dubai lowly depends on oil reserves to drive it’s economy (Henderson, 91). It only 6% of its economy driven by oil and the rest of the income is through increased earnings from tourism (Mazza, 2). A vast number of companies provide the much advertised desert tours making the city’s economy able to tap the potential of the desert to unimaginable heights. The Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM) is the body that is charged with the licensing and the classification of hotel apartments, travel agent licensing, and providing the necessary guidelines according to the Islamic law (Sharpley, 14). For any investor, the DTCM is the first stop as it also controls the various archeological and heritage sites and ensures that, tourism in Dubai’s is sustainable and responsibly ran.
Rationale/ need/significance for the study (200 – 300 words)
Unlike the 90’s and earlier years, human interests have been changing to unimaginable heights. Desert rides in the early years were associated with sandstorms and death consequently (Sharpley, 13). Remembering the story of Ibn Batuk and his caravan, deserts could form no good place for a tour or tourist attraction. However, the opposite has proved to be true beyond reasonable doubt. Desert tours in Dubai have been responsible for massive revenue generation in the local economy and the city’s economy, even more than other destinations have been able to generate. With Dubai experiencing a whopping 9 million in the number of tourists the city experienced in 2009, it is evident that there is the need for man to change the way of thinking and make massive revenues from the freezing Alaska, the Kalahari and the Sahara in Africa among others. The possibility of the desert making such huge revenues opens up the potential of the need to explore in depth the industrial height in the city. The number of firms that are in the city on grounds of offering tourism facilities that include hotels, resort destinations, desert tours, attraction sites and other amusement sites are also of concern. There is also need to establish the composition of the tourists, their main intent in the city, what they find interesting about the desert tours and to what extent does tourism help in creating employment. this in turn enhances the lives of the local people and its effects on the religious and cultural practices of the people.
Measurable objectives (50 – 100 words)- At least 5 objectives
1) To establish the contribution of tourism to the economy of Dubai
2) To determine the effects of the increased tourism on the culture of the residents
3) To determine the levels of employment created by the sector
4) To establish the number of firms that offer tourism related services on the city
5) To study the customer changing tastes on travel to deserts as opposed to resort cities and beaches.
6) To determine the composition of tourists highly attracted to Dubai; Americans, Europeans, Africans, Indians or others.
Justify proper research methodology (300 words)
The research will take a pragmatic approach for various reasons. Despite the reason that there is need to follow a specific philosophically arguable methods, a pragmatic approach is better off as it allows us to use a scientific approach and yet cover the social aspect that comes in form of qualitative response. For this research, the data that is required is both qualitative and quantitive. This will enable the researcher to develop a school of thought that will not be biased on methodology or limited to its choice, but rather to one that is best fit for the study. The data on the number of employments in the industry, number of firms tourist compositions can be quantified. However, it becomes hard to quantify the various reasons as to why these tourists prefer desert tours instead of the beaches. Each of them has a personal reason due to their different tastes and preferences. The use of this method will also enable the researcher to develop a scientific sample, as one cannot interview the entire tourist population. More importantly, it will enable the researcher to come up with findings that are generalizable and can fit in the context of others similar countries (Matly, Michael, and Dillon, 4). The data yielded will also play an important role in enabling the researcher better understand the trend. Therefore, there is need to build upon this idea to develop other less useful areas as has been the case with the Kalahari, the Sahara, the Alaska and others as a major way of making use of the idle capacities.