Recent orders
Decision Making in Robert Frost’s “The Road Not Taken”
Name
Institution
Course
Professor
Date of Submission
Decision Making in Robert Frost’s “The Road Not Taken”
In the poem “The Road Not Taken,” Robert Frost exceedingly focus on the way people make decisions regarding the way of living and doing things. In the first line of the poem, Frost being the persona starts by saying that in the yellow woods there were two roads which diverged. This initially instigates the reader’s perception that there must be a matter of choice in the entire poem which is a reflection of the real-life scenarios during human growth life cycle. The poem is comprised of four stanzas, each being made up of five lines with a regular rhyme scheme of ABAAB. In “The Road Not Taken” Frost talks about talks about the real-life situation in a nostalgic commentary way of the decisions made in life making the poem is one of his most famous work. In this poem, Frost depicts that change is inevitable and people must make decisions in all the moves they make as a way on progressing in life, but it is astonishing and virtuous to know that there might be no any other chance to change your mind once choice made as time is perishable.
The simplicity of the symbolism used in the poem makes it attractive and exciting to read right from its beginning to the last line. The poem starts with a modest illuminating sentence, “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.” (Frost, page 6). The poem seems first to be set in a forest ecology where the speaker has to choose which road to follow as it is not possible to track both. The forked road symbolically represents the choice the persona have to make in life. Considering the two routes, there was a difference in each, this relating to the different ways his life might take depending on the decision made and hence has to be keen when choosing either way.
Frost being the persona in the poem shows the dilemma that faced him in reaching the diverging pathway as was walking through the forest during the autumn season when the leaves have turned yellow. The act of standing there transfixed wondering which path to follow portrays the intruding choices we have to make on the everyday basis. This decision will determine where one will end up going and who he or she will end up becoming in future. The fact that the poem specifies a particular season which is autumn bring about that every person has his or her period to prudently make decisions that at the end will determine what a kind of a person one will be and where you will end. It can be related to the average human growth process where people have to choose between the right and the wrong, and at the long run, one might not be able to change the destination or the choices made at the elderly age. For instance, at the tender gets the primary, secondary as well as the tertiary education but it is a matter of personal choice to decide where to advance with the postgraduate training or take the other path where one only tracks the career and family life.
Some justifications accredit the persona’s decisions of taking one path in the poem from the inner perceptions that this is the right path that he should follow and perhaps one will come when he has to follow another way. In the third paragraph, the fourth line the poem says, “Oh I kept the first for another day!” (Frost, page 2). There is a self-conflict within the persona’s instinct thinking that he might have followed the wrong path, but there is still hopes of one day getting that opportunity of observing the predictable route. It is a clear picture of how people follow some of their instincts that lead them the darkest tunnel that they might not be able to get out from in their entire life. Others assume that there is always next time and take things for granted making choices that will make them happy for a short while but live in regret the rest of their future wishing they had taken the right direction. The author is in doubt about the path he took but on his way sees both roads as the same even though not aware of where they can lead him.
Frost is an older adult who has the experience regarding the way of life through his personal experiences as well as seen others ways of appropriately using his writing skills to advice the entire world especially the young people. It is justified in the last paragraph first line where he states that he shall be telling about his decisions with a sigh. Does it mean that he regrets his ways of living or he messed with the direction he once took in life? Well, this might be the case, but according to the poem, one has to make decisions carefully. It postulates that it is better to follow the known direction that has been accompanied by many, but at the end, there is some light of hope that following a lonely path that will make you live in wonders of whether you are doing the correct thing. One can also decide to follow the uncommon way which many fear to follow and end up leaping the best in life. The persona took the less traveled path, and that was what made a difference between him and the rest of the people who followed the usual one. Therefore, it depends on the own instinct and cognitive, but the fact remains that life is irreversible and once time has gone will never be covered.
Work cited
Frost, Robert. The road not taken and other poems. Penguin, 2015.
Frost, Robert. The road not taken. Shamrock Press, 1916.
Policies Implemented In The Re-Development Of The Aylesbury Estate In South London, Uk
Policies Implemented In The Re-Development Of The Aylesbury Estate In South London, Uk
By (Name)
The Name of the Class (Course)
Professor (Tutor)
The Name of the School (University)
The City and State
The Date
Introduction
Aylesbury Estate found in the south London is approximately 28.5 hectares with mix housing including numerous big slab and high rise blocks of flats with walkways. It is resident by approximately eight thousand people comprising the local community from black and ethnic minority groups. Regeneration in regard to gentrification strategy was utilized in launching of the New Labour’s regeneration policy from the slurred Aylesbury Estate within London (Maginn, 2004, 134). This strategy is mainly utilized in the class neutral language renewal, recycling, resurgence and regeneration of the estate for creation of an environmentally friendly within the urban landscape (Campkin, 2013, 342-3). The Aylesbury Estate possesses a mix of tenures, ages, incomes and household types. The prevailing mixed communities within the estate aids in overcoming the problems related with the areas of dispossession such as reduction of local business activity, partial local job opportunities coupled with employment determinations, downward pressure on the underlying school quality, elevated levels of delinquency and disorder, and health inequalities (Bridge, Butler, & Lees, 2012, 342). This paper will mainly explore the evaluation policies that are employed in the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate in the South London.
The mixed communities policy have been greatly employed in the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate since it played a symbolic and ideological role in regard to the signifier of a spatially strenuous,dysfunctional underclass estate. Social Exclusion Unit has been set up in order to deal with the underlying social problems such as cost of dependency and corresponding social division. The main concern of the council estate is to reduce the level of poverty through the execution of the policy. Poverty is concentrated in individual neighborhoods thus making social exclusion of the Aylesbury Estate to be marked (Maginn, 2004, 135). Moreover, the New Labor stipulates that poverty is high in Aylesbury Estate hence require biggest social revolutions within the modern British in order to offer houses in the Aylesbury Estate.
The concept of social mix is depicted to be the discursive vehicle in planning of the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate. The new Aylesbury Estate via application of the mixedcommunities’ policy have made it to be socially inclusive, better designed and having more social capital (Maginn, 2004, 136). Moreover, socialmix has assisted setting up of the alternatives of degeneration and under maintenance of the housing stock via mirroring suitable false choice thus resulting to decrease of sink estate amidst gentrification and corresponding neighborhood. The policy for the demolition and reconstruction of the Aylesbury estate as contained in the revised strategy involves the building of 3,200 private new construct homes and corresponding 2,000 social chartered new build homes (Bridge, Butler, & Lees, 2012, 346). This led to accomplishment of the UDP requirement of forty percent of social housing. Moreover, the policy of demolition of the vast majority of the Aylesbury and creating new build development was to attract middle class incomers thus depicting distinct policy of the state led redevelopment premised on mixed communities’ policy. Nevertheless, the policy does not acknowledge the underlying mix that is previously present on the Aylesbury estate which is extremely socially and anthropologically diverse. It does not also address issues pertaining to the social sustainability (Campkin, 2013, 343). The policy also undermines the estate operation as a reception for the populace seeking asylum. Progressive clothing of the social mix depicts clear idea and rhetoric of the social mix that is purely utilized in prevention of privatization of the property and land.
The renaissance of the Aylesburyis mainly guided by the underlying community led area action plan that hailed as a prototype in tenant led democracy. Moreover, the anti-redevelopment groups differ and claim about the widespread consultations of numerous tenants. Regeneration policies are mainly community led since the Urban Initiatives support the underlying stock transfer and demolition of the estate from the prevailing tenants (Campkin, 2013.345). Moreover, Aylesbury Tenants and Leaseholders depict that loss of social housing is mainly masked by new terms that are affordable housing, whichmajorly incorporate more luxurious section of rent purchase properties (Bridge, Butler, & Lees, 2012, 346). The Aylesbury’s future redevelopment is mainly decided within the neoliberal times coupled with neoliberal governmentality that show dissension and dissenters that are mainly depoliticized and cast aside as regressive and insular, tenants, un-supplicated, absurd and unreasonable.
Communicative planning of redeveloping Aylesbury Estate within South London was supposed to respond to the underlying issues that emerged over the social engineering while collaborative planning was purely based on the obviously consensus but did not solve the top down tradition of planning (Bridge, Butler, & Lees, 2012, 347). Moreover, social engineering planned for the Aylesbury is similar and mainly related with the slum clearances that were part of the history that pertain to the birth of Aylesbury (Rydin, 2011, 212). Even though this policy is seen as reminiscent of the previous urban regeneration, the new urban regeneration of Aylesbury is dissimilar in terms of bulk of new properties that are house rich residents.
The context of mobility, information and opportunities are steadily advancing in places where there is risk of fostering unproductive and unsanctionable urban sprawl. Aiming at the more qualified procedure of urbanization mainly based on dense, connected, integrated, and comprehensive towns and corresponding cities normally strengthens the connection amidst urbanization and socio-economic advancement via problem leaning roadmaps coupled with strategy international blueprints. The best reason to opt for a new generation of National Urban Policies is seen as a robust base (Rydin, 2011, 214). Urbanization has permitted fast growing developing economies to progressively bridge their underlying socioeconomic gaps with more developed nations. Thus, urbanization is positively associated to the economic development, human advancement and poverty lessening as in the case of redevelopment of Aylesbury estate.
Regeneration of Aylesbury estate purely entails implementation of mixed community’s policy that is symbolic and ideological role in regard to the signifier of a spatially strenuous, dysfunctional underclass estate. Social Exclusion Unit has been set up in order to deal with the underlying social problems such as cost of dependency and corresponding social division. The main concern of the council estate is to reduce the level of poverty through the execution of the policy. Mixed communities policies offer a framework for prospect urbanization and corresponding urban advancement. It mainly ensures a maximization of the national and local benefits, urban economies of accumulations and modification of probable adverse externalities. Thus, national urban policies essentially seek to offer practical answers on ways required by the government to accommodate the subsequent generations of urban populations and corresponding challenges in the regeneration of Aylesbury.
Bibliography
Bridge, G., Butler, T., & Lees, L. 2012. Mixed Communities: Gentrification By Stealth? Bristol, UK, Policy Press.
Campkin, B. 2013. The Regeneration Game: Urban Decline and Renewal in London.
Hebbert, M. 1998. London: More by Fortune than Design. Chichester [u.a.], John Wiley.
Maginn, P. J. 2004. Urban Regeneration, Community Power and the (In) Significance of Race. Aldershot, Ashgate.
Morrison, J. 2009. Public Affairs for Journalists. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Rydin, Y. 2011. The Purpose of Planning: Creating Sustainable Towns and Cities. Bristol, Policy Press.
Towers, G. 1999. Shelter is not enough: Transforming Multi-Storey Housing. Bristol, Policy.
Controversy over Hydraulic Fracturing’s Relation to the Increase in Earthquakes
Controversy over Hydraulic Fracturing’s Relation to the Increase in Earthquakes
Student’s Name
Section
Semester Information
Controversy over Hydraulic Fracturing’s Relation to the Increase in Earthquakes
Introduction to the Controversy
Fracking, hydrofracking, hydrofracturing, and fracing are other names for hydraulic fracturing. It is a procedure often entails using a well to inject chemicals, sand, and water under immense stress into a bedrock structure. Intending to release trapped oil and gas, this procedure enhances the volume, duration, and connectedness of residing cracks and produces new ones in the rock (Schultz et al., 2020). Hydraulic fracturing is frequently utilized in minimal rocks such as tight sand, shale, and some coal beds to boost oil and gas flow to a well from rocks that make petrol formations. In order to increase porosity in subsurface geothermal energy, an identical method is applied. Earthquakes have increased in number over the last decade in the United States. There are several debates and speculations about whether hydraulic fracturing is the root cause of current earthquakes (Schultz et al., 2020). Some people argue that most earthquakes that are induced are not caused by hydraulic fracturing but by other techniques, such as wastewater disposal wells. Other reports argue that the processes that entail hydraulic fracturing trigger earthquakes. This paper discusses four articles on whether hydraulic fracturing causes earthquakes. Two articles agree that the technique causes earthquakes, while the other disagrees. The paper also discusses my opinion on the matter based on the articles.
Why Some Agree that Hydraulic Fracturing is NOT causing Earthquakes
According to Oskin, hazard maps show that hydraulic fracturing by-products, such as wastewater injection wells, cause induced earthquakes (2015). The map highlights 17 hot spots which are prone to earthquakes. These include parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Ohio, Arkansas, Alabama, Colorado, and New Mexico. There was no existing way to store the water resulting from fracking, so wastewater injection wells were introduced. In 2013, when injection wells were introduced, Oklahoma faced way more third-degree earthquakes than California (Oskin, 2015). Therefore, the 2014 hazard map indicated little to no shaking risk for these states, even though north-central Oklahoma and Texas were experiencing waves of earthquakes. On the nationwide map, earthquakes that could occur in the coming fifty years are depicted with their potential size and shaking intensity. Researchers argue that as much as hydraulic fracturing may induce earthquakes, the technique has never resulted in more than fourth-degree earthquakes (Oskin, 2015). At the Seismological Society of America’s yearly conference recently, experts engaged in the mapping program entitled increased seismic infrastructures and accessibility to well-injection recordings.
In the article by ConocoPhillips Company, human activities such as mining, construction, farming, and industry can cause tremors (2019). However, these tremors are unlikely to be felt because they are very mild. The same applies to tremors caused by hydraulic fracturing while mining oil and gas. A million times less than the felt seismic activity limit, oil and gas hydraulic fracturing earthquakes often measure negative two on the Richter scale. In some instances, felt seismicity has been linked to oil and gas production (ConocoPhillips Company, 2019). These were typically connected to wells that pump water into subterranean rocky outcrops rather than generation or fracturing. Other causes of this felt seismicity include various commercial processes and water storage behind huge dams. Only a tiny portion of the more than 172,000 injection wells for oil and gas in the United States have been connected to felt seismicity, which was due to the mitigation of the modification of the fluid injection (ConocoPhillips Company, 2019). The earth’s crust is likely to change from time to time leading to earthquakes and tremors. Annually, only 100,000 of the million earthquakes are said to be more than third-degree and hence cause a massive impact on people. Researchers are trying to find solutions to tremors, especially human-induced ones.
Why Some Agree that Hydraulic Fracturing is causing Earthquakes
Up until 2008, not a single earthquake had been recorded in Dallas by the United States Geological Survey. However, by 2014, there was a rise in the number of tremors and earthquakes due to the drilling caused by hydraulic fracturing (Kuchment, 2016). Over 200 earthquakes had been detected, and the number of earthquakes in Oklahoma rose higher than that of California. Wallace, an affected resident, termed the situation ignored and likely to cause harm to people. He says that the worst times are between the rumble and the impact; the thought of his house falling apart is very scary to him. States and oil and gas firms are also investigating other risk controls, such as reusing wastewater or injecting it into rock layers farther away or separated from deep faults. After further study, researchers have concluded that the drilling process might cause earthquakes as opposed to wastewater injection wells (Kuchment, 2016). Even if the wells are closed, the earthquakes are likely to continue.
According to Chung, some hydraulic fracturing wells are prone to causing earthquakes compared to others (2018). This is primarily due to the nature of the wells’ land. A fracking well must physically link to an earthquake fault through the underlying rock so that the fluid pressure from the well can affect the stress on the fault and raise the likelihood of it slipping, causing an earthquake (Chung, 2018). Fracking that has resulted in higher tremors, a magnitude of 4, has been felt by people and has caused fear and instability among people near mining areas. Modern coral reef edges frequently form at faults, suggesting that ancient reefs also did. Geologists frequently find and map carbonate, a distinct rock produced when old reefs are buried and fossilized, to pinpoint faults’ location. Researchers have since come up with equations showing the amount of fluid used for specific wells. They have also found ways to predict earthquakes, but the measures apply only to natural earthquakes (Chung, 2018). Human-induced earthquakes are much harder to predict because they change depending on human activity.
Summary
Before reading the articles, I knew little about the human-induced earthquakes and tremors caused by construction, farming, mining, and industrial activities. I thought that all earthquakes were natural. I also had no insight into the magnitudes of the earthquakes. I did not know that magnitude four and higher earthquakes would likely cause more human damage. Induced earthquakes and tremors caused by human activities have insignificant effects and are most likely not to be felt by people. I also learned about hydraulic fracturing and the impact of oil and gas mining using the technique. After reading the articles, I got a completely different opinion on if hydraulic fracturing causes earthquakes.
Most people, especially in the affected areas, are affected by drilling caused by hydraulic fracturing. They live in fear, not knowing when the earthquakes will strike next. The articles show that people living near places where hydraulic fracturing is used as a mining technique are more affected than others. Companies that use hydraulic fracturing while mining says that the procedures cause shallow impacting tremors. It is possible to think that the companies lie for their economic gain. Researchers have come up with ways that predict earthquakes. Natural earthquakes are much easier to predict than human-induced ones because the latter relies on human activities, which change from time to time.
References
Chung, E. (2018). Why some Fracking Wells are prone to triggering Earthquakes. CBC news.
ConocoPhillips Company. (2019). Can Oil & Gas Operations cause Earthquakes?
Kuchment, A. (2016). Drilling for Earthquakes. Scientific American.
Okin, B. (2015). Fracking is not the cause of Quakes. The Real Problem is Wastewater. The Washington Post.
Schultz, R., Skoumal, R. J., Brudzinski, M. R., Eaton, D., Baptie, B., & Ellsworth, W. (2020). Hydraulic fracturing‐induced seismicity. Reviews of Geophysics, 58(3), e2019RG000695.