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POLICIES IMPLEMENTED IN THE RE-DEVELOPMENT OF THE AYLESBURY ESTATE IN SOUTH LONDON, UK
POLICIES IMPLEMENTED IN THE RE-DEVELOPMENT OF THE AYLESBURY ESTATE IN SOUTH LONDON, UK
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Introduction
Aylesbury Estate found in the south London is approximately 28.5 hectares with mix housing including numerous big slab and high rise blocks of flats with walkways. It is resident by approximately eight thousand people comprising the local community from black and ethnic minority groups. Regeneration in regard to gentrification strategy was utilized in launching of the New Labour’s regeneration policy from the slurred Aylesbury Estate within London (Maginn, 2004, 134-7). This strategy is mainly utilized in the class neutral language renewal, recycling, resurgence and regeneration of the estate for creation of an environmentally friendly within the urban landscape (Campkin, 2013.342-9). The Aylesbury Estate possesses a mix of tenures, ages, incomes and household types. The prevailing mixed communities within the estate aids in overcoming the problems related with the areas of dispossession such as reduction of local business activity, partial local job opportunities coupled with employment determinations, downward pressure on the underlying school quality, elevated levels of delinquency and disorder, and health inequalities (Bridge, Butler & Lees, 2012, 341-8). This paper will mainly explore the evaluation policies that are employed in the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate in the South London.
The mixed communities policy have been greatly employed in the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate since it played a symbolic and ideological role in regard to the signifier of a spatially strenuous ,dysfunctional underclass estate. Social Exclusion Unit has been set up in order to deal with the underlying social problems such as cost of dependency and corresponding social division. The main concern of the council estate is to reduce the level of poverty through the execution of the policy. Poverty is concentrated in individual neighborhoods thus making social exclusion of the Aylesbury Estate to be marked. Moreover, the New Labor stipulates that poverty is high in Aylesbury Estate hence require biggest social revolutions within the modern British in order to offer houses in the Aylesbury Estate.
The concept of social mix is depicted to be the discursive vehicle in planning of the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate. The new Aylesbury Estate via application of the mixed communities’ policy have made it to be socially inclusive, better designed and having more social capital (Maginn, 2004, 134-7). Moreover, social mix has assisted setting up of the alternatives of degeneration and under maintenance of the housing stock via mirroring suitable false choice thus resulting to decrease of sink estate amidst gentrification and corresponding neighborhood. The policy for the demolition and reconstruction of the Aylesbury estate as contained in the revised strategy involves the building of 3,200 private new construct homes and corresponding 2,000 social chartered new build homes (Bridge, Butler & Lees, 2012, 341-8). This led to accomplishment of the UDP requirement of forty percent of social housing. Moreover, the policy of demolition of the vast majority of the Aylesbury and creating new build development was to attract middle class incomers thus depicting distinct policy of the state led redevelopment premised on mixed communities’ policy. Nevertheless, the policy does not acknowledge the underlying mix that is previously present on the Aylesbury estate which is extremely socially and anthropologically diverse. It does not also address issues pertaining to the social sustainability (Campkin, 2013.342-9). The policy also undermines the estate operation as a reception for the populace seeking asylum. Progressive clothing of the social mix depicts clear idea and rhetoric of the social mix that is purely utilized in prevention of privatization of the property and land.
The renaissance of the Aylesbury is mainly guided by the underlying community led area action plan that hailed as a prototype in tenant led democracy. Moreover, the anti-redevelopment groups differ and claim about the widespread consultations of numerous tenants. Regeneration policies are mainly community led since the Urban Initiatives support the underlying stock transfer and demolition of the estate from the prevailing tenants (Campkin, 2013.342-9). Moreover, Aylesbury Tenants and Leaseholders depict that loss of social housing is mainly masked by new terms that are affordable housing, which majorly incorporate more luxurious section of rent purchase properties (Bridge, Butler & Lees, 2012, 341-8). The Aylesbury’s future redevelopment is mainly decided within the neoliberal times coupled with neoliberal governmentality that show dissension and dissenters that are mainly depoliticized and cast aside as regressive and insular, tenants, un-supplicated, absurd and unreasonable.
Communicative planning of redeveloping Aylesbury Estate within South London was supposed to respond to the underlying issues that emerged over the social engineering while collaborative planning was purely based on the obviously consensus but did not solve the top down tradition of planning (Bridge, Butler & Lees, 2012, 341-8). Moreover, social engineering planned for the Aylesbury is similar and mainly related with the slum clearances that were part of the history that pertain to the birth of Aylesbury (Rydin, 2011, 211-9). Even though this policy is seen as reminiscent of the previous urban regeneration, the new urban regeneration of Aylesbury is dissimilar in terms of bulk of new properties that are house rich residents.
The context of mobility, information and opportunities are steadily advancing in places where there is risk of fostering unproductive and unsanctionable urban sprawl. Aiming at the more qualified procedure of urbanization mainly based on dense, connected, integrated and comprehensive towns and corresponding cities normally strengthens the connection amidst urbanization and socio-economic advancement via problem leaning roadmaps coupled with strategy international blueprints. The best reason to opt for a new generation of National Urban Policies is seen as a robust base (Rydin, 2011, 211-9). Urbanization has permitted fast growing developing economies to progressively bridge their underlying socioeconomic gaps with more developed nations. Thus, urbanization is positively associated to the economic development, human advancement and poverty lessening as in the case of redevelopment of Aylesbury estate.
Regeneration of Aylesbury estate purely entails implementation of mixed community’s policy that is symbolic and ideological role in regard to the signifier of a spatially strenuous, dysfunctional underclass estate. Social Exclusion Unit has been set up in order to deal with the underlying social problems such as cost of dependency and corresponding social division. The main concern of the council estate is to reduce the level of poverty through the execution of the policy. Mixed communities policies offer a framework for prospect urbanization and corresponding urban advancement. It mainly ensures a maximization of the national and local benefits, urban economies of accumulations and modification of probable adverse externalities. Thus, national urban policies essentially seek to offer practical answers on ways required by the government to accommodate the subsequent generations of urban populations and corresponding challenges in the regeneration of Aylesbury.
Bibliography
Campkin, B. (2013). The regeneration game: urban decline and renewal in London.
Maginn, P. J. (2004). Urban regeneration, community power and the (in) significance of race. Aldershot, Ashgate.
Morrison, J. (2009). Public affairs for journalists. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Rydin, Y. (2011). The purpose of planning: creating sustainable towns and cities. Bristol, Policy Press.
Towers, G. (1999). Shelter is not enough: transforming multi-storey housing. Bristol, Policy.
Bridge, G., Butler, T., & Lees, L. (2012). Mixed communities: gentrification by stealth? Bristol, UK, Policy Press.Hebbert, M. (1998). London: more by fortune than design. Chichester [u.a.], John Wiley.
Ethical behavior within an organization
Ethical behavior within an organization
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Institution
Research Paper #1
Ethical behavior within an organization refers to actions that are morally upright and in accordance to the law among employees during execution of their duties. What is ethical within the organization depends on the organization culture, personal belief as well as guidelines and rules governing the industry within which an organization operates in. Unethical behavior within an organization can relate to issues such as conflicts of interest, fraud, insider trading, and use of company assets for personal reasons discrimination, harassment and corruption among others. Some issues fall in a grey area where whether they are ethical or unethical depends on the policies of the organization and personal judgments.
It is, therefore, advisable for an organization to have a framework for ethical behavior among employees. According to Mathis and Jackson, an ethical business culture is based on an organization’s mission and values. An ethics program should have a written code of ethics standards and conduct, training to employees on ethical issues, forum for consultation when faced with ethical issues and a system for confidential reporting of observed questionable or unethical conduct for it to be effective (Mathis & Jackson, 2010).
Verizon Wireless has received accolades for having one of the best ethical behavior cultures in the recent years. It has a written code of conduct that is placed on its website where it is accessible to all members of the public. The code of conduct is meant to create a culture of integrity and accountability among the employees. These are in line with the company’s values. Departments that are responsible for enforcing the code of conduct are the Human Resource, Office of Integrity and Compliance and the Legal department.
The code of conduct addresses vast areas on how an employee of Verizon Wireless should behave with other employees, customers, competitors and service providers dealing with the company. Areas dealt with in the code of conduct document are use of company assets for personal use, receiving gifts from customers or business provider, harassment and discrimination among employees, handling company information and employees conduct in the work place (Verizon Wireless, 2006). The document also outlines disciplinary action that is taken on employees who violate the code of conduct including termination of employment for the employee.
The code of conducts also states that the company has an open door policy to allow those who need help in determining whether a situation is ethical or not seek advice. The company’s main criteria for determining whether an action is ethical or not is: deciding whether the conduct can be viewed by some people as being unethical whether it can hurt Verizon Wireless’ credibility and if it could hurt other employees, customers or business providers (Verizon Wireless, 2006). When the employee is unsure of any of these or one of these could happen, they are then required to report the issue before any further steps are taken on it.
The code of conduct also provides contact information on where an employee can report unethical conducts or suspicious behavior observed within the organization by employees. These can be done anonymously or identity of the employee revealed according to the employee’s wishes. It ensures that unethical conducts are reported promptly by the employees as they can choose to remain anonymous so as not to be victimized by those they have reported especially if they are their superiors within the organization. According to the Verizon Wireless code of conduct, no employee can force another to act unethically even when they are superior in rank within the organization (Verizon Wireless, 2006). This code protects junior employees as well as makes them accountable for their own actions in case they are found guilty of unethical conduct.
Training is also conducted on the employees on ethical conduct. New anti-corruption compliance training has been implemented to provide guidance and practical examples to help employees understand and comply with various anti-bribery laws, including the UK Bribery Act and the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, both of which apply to Verizon employees around the world (Verizon Wireless, 2012). These trainings make the employees aware of the expected code of conduct for Verizon Wireless as well as how to respond to situations where they are not sure whether they are ethical or not.
The code of conduct governs the behavior of Verizon Wireless employees at work and therefore creates an organizational culture of integrity and accountability among the employees. The management of Verizon Wireless ensures that the code of conduct is adhered to by every employee through setting disciplinary measure and consequences for those who do not adhere. Trainings conducted make the employees aware of the existence of the guidelines and hence they cannot claim ignorance as defense for behaving unethically.
The Verizon Wireless ethics program is effective because it has fulfilled all the elements of a workable ethics program. These are: conducting training on company ethics for the employees, ensuring employees can get advice on ethical issues, having a written code of conduct as well as ensuring employees can report unethical conducts. This is also clear in the fact that it was ranked number one in 2008 as the company with the best ethics program in the US. Maintaining an ethical behavior culture in an organization helps in growth of business as it is viewed as being credible by customers, suppliers, vendors and other stakeholders.
References
Mathis, R.L & Jackson, J.H. (2010). Human Resource Management. Mason, O.H: Cengage Learning.
Verizon Wireless. (2006). Your Work, Your Code of Conduct, Your Verizon Wireless. Retrieved May 22, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://cache.vzw.com/pdfs/aboutus/Verizon_Book_Internet.pdf” http://cache.vzw.com/pdfs/aboutus/Verizon_Book_Internet.pdf
Verizon Wireless. (2012). Ethics and Governance in 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://responsibility.verizon.com/ethics-and-governance/2011#compliance” http://responsibility.verizon.com/ethics-and-governance/2011#compliance
Policies and Politics in Paralympics Games
Policies and Politics in Paralympics Games
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Institution Affiliation
London Paralympics
London Paralympics games are an international multi-sport event for athletes with and without disabilities. This event is often attended by a large population who comprise of adults and teenagers. The previously conducted London Paralympics in 2012 served as one of the most significant multi-sport event held in the UK. The event involved athletes with various disabilities, which was managed by the International Paralympic Games. The event organizers managed the event successfully, which facilitated the efficiency of operations. With this understanding, the essay will develop useful insights into the legal requirements and policies that should be put in place to regulate Paralympics games in the United States. The London Paralympics for the Disabled will be regulated through an array of underpinning measures provided in the Integrated Communities Action Plans. This paper will present a comprehensive articulation of various policies with regard to London Paralympics for the Disabled. The integration plan provides an array of measures that support the government’s initiative and commitment to promoting strong integrated communities where people live, learn, work, and socialize based on their responsibilities, duties, and opportunities in the Paralympics event.
In the forthcoming London Paralympics for the disabled, there is a need for a high level of compliance by the organizers on how the event will be executed. The event will be promoted by the urge of the athletes to showcase their prowess and varying abilities in the field despite their disabilities. It should also take into consideration the need to promote awareness, diversity, and cohesion among the people in the community where the event will be hosted. Just like previous events, the London Paralympics for the disabled should achieve exceptional mass-market appeal. The enthusiasm and support from the British public and the previous successful performances in the United Kingdom will foster success in this forthcoming event. The event is expected to meet the organizer’s expectation by breaking the record of ticket sales and increasing the profile of Paralympics with regard to the event (Weed, 2010). The organizer aims to have the attention of the president of the International Paralympics Games and make the disability even the greatest Paralympic Games ever held in history.
The Integrated Community Action Plan plays an essential role in the provision of critical guidance to the event organizers. The policy facilitates the creation of an effective understanding of how the political organization in the country influences social activities such as the London Paralympics for the Disabled (Integrated Communities Action plan, 2019). The policy is important in that it was created to facilitate the development of a unified and diversified community. The policy’s integration is influenced by the fact that negative diversity can exist and reduce the effectiveness of integration. To avoid such adverse effects, government departments should identify and provide a review of various services and priorities on how integration can be driven best.
The organizer should understand essential priorities in the event to remain mindful of pertinent efforts made to promote the integration. Bearing in mind that individuals from different parts of the world with varying disabilities will take part in the event, it is important to remain mindful of diversity in the promotion of integration. According to the neo-system theory, integration can be achieved through various interrelations that are functioning in the social situation rather than individual groups and societies. According to an analysis by Cetina and Cicoure (2014), it is possible to achieve integration in the event through efficient coordination of the participants (Integrated Communities Action plan, 2019). Taking this analysis into consideration, the event for the disabled will promote diversity and a situation of unity and togetherness amongst people of varying races.
In previous Paralympics events, the government has facilitated the promotion of cohesion and integration by supporting the action pan policy. In the future event, efforts from the government will facilitate ending programs to identify the most effective practices that will promote the highest level of cohesion while curtailing issues of discrimination and segregation. To abide by the requirements stipulated in the Integrated Communities Action Plans of Weed (2010), the organizers of the Paralympics will facilitate the promotion of unity and establishment of meaningful relationships amongst the participants. The event often involves the participation of individuals from different parts of the world, an aspect that will increase interaction and possibility of brooding friendship between the management, participants, and individual countries.
The policy document encourages political development and the growth of freedom space in the section of Rights and Freedoms. According to this section, there must exist the promotion and respect for equal rights and the freedom of communities and individuals such as the disabled whose voices are often ignored (Integrated Communities Action plan, 2019). The government aims at supporting marginalized groups such as women, children, and the disabled which means that the event will receive the necessary support from the participants. Considering that the government will provide the anticipated support, the organizer should ensure that the event fosters an integrated state among the participants that fosters unity and gives the disabled the voice they deserve. Besides, it is necessary to ensure that every participant feels comfortable in diverse backgrounds by ensuring the provision of important tools and materials.
According to the Action policy, there is a need to create an economically and socially strong and integrated community. It intends to address barriers that are likely to undermine integration and limit opportunities for the marginalized communities through actions such as race disparity audit and hate crime action plan. It intends to complement the strategy of the Civil Society to create a thriving community and facilitate the realization of social values and enriches lives (Integrated Communities Action Plans, 2019). The government intends to implement five integration areas and ensure that they work together to identify pertinent priorities for the marginalized communities and promote the most effective way to address them. To achieve the main objectives of the Paralympics event, the organizers should implement systems that tackle discrimination and hate against the marginalized groups. This is important since such actions can divide people rather than facilitating the celebration of activities that bring diverse communities together.
The integration policy aims at facilitating the creation of an economic opportunity for residents in the United Kingdom. According to the policy, there are various elements of disparity as a result of racial based recruitment of individuals in the games (Integrated Communities Action Plans, 2019). This challenge is more pronounced to individuals who are disadvantaged, such as the participants of the Paralympics for the Disabled. However, the provision of the opportunity to interact and mix can promote healthy integration spaces. The event should promote the rights of the marginalized individuals in the community including the disabled, children, and women, to ensure that their rights are upheld. The London Paralympics for the Disabled will incorporate the attendance of diverse people, particularly those that are targeted by the forthcoming event, and is intended to promote cohesion and integration amongst the people.
The disabled are often forgotten in most events, which creates the need for social events that are well planned and executed. Social events such as the Paralympics should be organized in a manner that promotes enhanced relationships amongst the participations. Considering the UK has hosted a wide array of immigrants, the government understands the importance of promoting essential political ideologies for the benefit of the community (Brittain & Beacom, 2016). It is thus evident that the event will value individual needs in a bid to promote diversity and equality. Bringing diverse communities together into one place will promote political strength between the individual communities while fostering a sense of togetherness.
Political ideologies promote various leisure policies, and doctrines are often informed by various political philosophies and platforms such as socialism, liberalism, and conservatism. The organizer should take into consideration various political concepts and ideologies, such as community empowerment, when organizing events that promote integration and cohesion. This is important since such an event will provide an avenue where individuals participate in various activities that promote both political and social functions. According to Brittain & Beacom (2016), there are limited leisure policies with regard to political ideologies because free leisure time often presents significant challenges to government authorities in the country. Braye, Gibbons, & Dixon (2013), explain that urban leisure spaces in the country are limited by the growth of towns in the region. However, although pertinent political ideologies are taken into consideration in the growth and expansion, particular aspect are broad and not included in political platforms and the policies of particular policies.
The Paralympics event will promote the need for the community to benefit from enhanced growth and a sense of cohesion. This is because; many people in the community are often interested in the promotion of cohesion and integration amongst individual states and countries (Fincher, Iveson, Leitner, and Preston, 2014). The efficient execution of the event will create a central meeting place where disabled members of the community will meet and bond in a socially acceptable manner. It is important for the event organizer to take into consideration both cohesion and integration since it will influence the people who will attend the event. Through this, the organizer will facilitate the likelihood of having people turn for similar events and offer the desired support for the marginalized group.
The London Paralympics for the Disabled will promote integration and cohesion, which entails how people live and co-exist with each other in different geographical settings. This event should promote essential values that ensure that people respect each other regardless of their abilities and disabilities to exist in respect and harmony for each other. The Paralympics has an integration and cohesion panel whose main aim is to bring the stakeholders and the participants together. According to Bailey and Pill (2015), event organizers should take into concern various factors that promote diversity, such as religion, gender, and age difference. Through the organizing committee and pertinent stakeholders, the event should implement policies that promote unity amongst the people. The operations of the event should be executed based on the previous Paralympic for the Disabled that was conducted in 2012 (Davies & Mackenzie, 2014). It should focus on activities that bring the participants from different parts of the world together rather than what highlights the differences between them.
Activities at the event should be directed towards the creation of a communication vision that promotes whose main aim is to promote the diversity of the participants (Fincher et al., 2014, p.20). Therefore, it is important to ensure that the event organizer is well on political agendas that participants in the event embrace and appreciate. Getting well-versed with the cultural norms and beliefs of the participants will facilitate a clear understanding of the most effective approach that should be implemented to promote the events’ agenda. For instance, the organizer should encourage participation amongst the community members to promote the spirit of cohesion and support for the marginalized individuals in the community, while promoting diversity as the main political ideology.
This event will be held in London and will share similar events as those which were used in the 2012 Summer Paralympics. The city will facilitate the enhancement of bonds between the diverse communities and promote ideal celebrations, considering it is home to many people. London city will act as the center of attraction, celebration, and cohesion during the time that the event will be progressing. The management and success of the event will also get influenced by the political environment and the stability of the region. Although the United Kingdom believes that power vests with the people, the event’s management and organization are likely to get influenced by element of power and authority. Nevertheless, the participants’ freedom and rights should be respected and upheld accordingly.
The organizers should consider both ideological and political motives to shape the service provision practices of the event. They should take into consideration the market size and political ideologies that give directives on the best way to conduct a Paralympics event for the disabled. The organizers should be considerate of the play of authority of power both at the national and local levels to prevent conflicts that could erupt between the authority and the citizens. Political institutions should also be contracted in that they are essential in the provision of necessary administration required to execute events such as the London Paralympics for the Disabled.
Following the scheduled withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU), it is important to introduce means that will facilitate integration in the country. Therefore, it is important to observe and inculcate the culture of integration during the planning of the event. The political analysis shows that most individuals in the country are inclined to political and social empowerment, and there is a growing realization that the government intends to empower the citizens (Brittain & Beacom, 2016). The researcher thus feels that it is important for the event to invent mechanisms that will ensure that the socially disadvantaged are well empowered. The organizers should implement new methods of ensuring increased vigilance of the event to avoid insecurities. The manager in-charge should be objective enough to avoid the creation of sentiments that could promote discriminatory practices at the event (Davies & Mackenzie, 2014). Every participant should demonstrate the spirit of cohesion and integration to ensure that the participants feel cared for and that their needs are taken into consideration. This is essential as it will be consistent with the beliefs and ideologies of integrating different people within society. To have a successful event, people should be incorporated in the preparation and organization process effectively. This will be in alignment with the policy requirements that promote the integration process.
The organizer should contract competent service providers and ensure that they execute their services with utmost dignity and integrity. This will help to prevent the likelihood of actions that promote discrimination against the marginalized groups for disability benefits and opportunities. For instance, it is common for service providers to declare physically unfit participants as “fit for work” and deny them benefits in a bid to cut on government spending. In the same manner, the seating rules for wheelchair users should be well-outlined while taking into consideration the needs of the participants and discriminatory policies.
It is easy to promote integration and cohesion in a society that is united under similar political ideologies. However, integration can be promoted where people have the freedom to interact freely. The integrated community development action policy will promote the anticipated cohesion for the people in the country, among other foreign participants. Therefore, the London Paralympics for the Disabled should observe the political ideologies that people subscribe to and their attitude in giving a theme to the events. The participants should be empowered through continuous involvement to promote the spirit of cohesion and integration.
References
Bailey, N. and Pill, M., 2015. Can the state empower communities through localism? An evaluation of recent approaches to neighborhood governance in England. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 33(2), pp.289-304.
Braye, S., Gibbons, T., & Dixon, K. (2013). Disability ‘rights’ or ‘wrongs’? The claims of the International Paralympic Committee, the London 2012 Paralympics, and disability rights in the UK. Sociological Research Online, 18(3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.3118
Brittain, I., & Beacom, A. (2016). Leveraging the London 2012 Paralympic Games: what legacy for disabled people?. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 40(6), 499-521.https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723516655580
Cetina, K.K., and Cicourel, A.V., 2014. Advances in Social Theory and Methodology (RLE Social Theory): Toward an Integration of Micro-and Macro-Sociologies. Routledge.Davies, A., & Mackenzie, I. (2014). Project complexity and systems integration: Constructing the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics Games. International Journal of Project Management, 32(5), 773-790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.10.004
Fincher, R., Iveson, K., Leitner, H., and Preston, V., 2014. Planning in the multicultural city: Celebrating diversity or reinforcing difference?. Progress in Planning, 92, pp.1-55.Integrated Communities Action plan (2019). HM Government: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/778045/Integrated_Communities_Strategy_Govt_Action_Plan.pdf
Weed, M. (2010). How will we know if the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics benefit health?. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2202