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Strategies To Reduce The Outbreak Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Consumption Of Fresh Spinach
Strategies To Reduce The Outbreak Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Consumption Of Fresh Spinach
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Strategies To Reduce The Outbreak Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Consumption Of Fresh Spinach
Several Methods of Mitigating Outbreak of E. Coli with Consumption of Fresh Spinach
There has been a rise in the number of the infections from Escherichia coli O157:H7. Cases of infected people have been reported in the United States and New Mexico. Between September 13, 2006 and September 21,206, epidemiologists in the New Mexico and the United states had been alerted of the outbreak and they had confirmed several cases.
Spinach has been identified as a main cause of the outbreak especially when eaten raw. It is important to learn some strategies that will curb this outbreak.
According to a report by CDC (2006), 0-15% of people infected with these bacteria may develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) which is characterized by renal failure. This can lead to the loss of kidney function. This illness is more fatal for the elderly. It has a mortality rate of about 50%. The following are some of the strategies to mitigate the outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with consumption of spinach.
The first method to reduce this outbreak is by the consumers paying more attention when they purchase spinach. If the packaged spinach does not have a “use by date” label or the consumer is unsure whether the spinach have been implicated. The consumer should refrain from using the spinach.
The second method to reduce this outbreak is by taking cautionary measures. Consumers, retailers and restaurants should not prepare spinach that has been implicated by Escherichia coli O157:H. This will prevent the spread since the main mode of spread of the bacteria is by eating contaminated food.
The last strategy that can be used to reduce the outbreak is by observation quality sanitation and cooking methods. After handling spinach, the cook should wash the hands with soap to prevent infection of other foods. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is killed by cooking at 160° Fahrenheit for 15 seconds. A cook should ensure that this temperature is reached while cooking. The cook can ensure the temperature is reached by cooking spinach at a temperature of boiling water for 15 seconds. Water boils at 212° Fahrenheit.
The above strategies can reduce the outbreak of Echerichia coli O157:H7 infections if they are followed by the citizens in the United States and the New Mexico,
Reference
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 CDC 2013. Update on Multi-State Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections From Fresh Spinach, October 6, 2006 accessed on December 5, 2013 retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2006/september/updates/100606.htm
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Anthropology Questions
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Anthropology Questions
SUMMARY ABOUT SHAKESPEARE IN THE BUSH BY LAURA BOHANNAN
Prior to departing from Oxford, Bohannan has a conversation with an acquaintance who alleges that Americans often do not comprehend the true significance of Shakespeare Hamlet, since Shakespeare was an exceptionally English writer. She disputes, and declares that human nature is very similar all over the globe, apart from particular details. The acquaintance gives Bohannan a copy of Hamlet, to read while she is in the bush, in the hope of her acquiring the grace of precise construal.
She arrives eager to see the tribe community, with religious ceremonies and rituals, but because of the absence of elders, who are the tribal leaders, or small communities, the rituals cannot be performed. The elders are prevented from attendance, owing to the expanding swamps. Because no ceremonies are executed, the tribal community begins to drink and narrating stories.
Storytelling is an immense component of the tribe’s culture, and is regarded as a skillful art. Bohannan chooses to narrate the tale of Hamlet, recognizing that this is her opportunity to demonstrate that Hamlet is explicable in all cultures. While narrating the story, Bohannan experiences certain problems, as a result of cultural dissimilarity, and linguistic intricacies. She realizes that the tribe, on their cultural grounds, and beliefs generate their own construal of Hamlet.
Summary about Anne Allison “Japanese Mothers and Obentos. Obento refers to boxed lunches that Japanese mothers prepare for their kindergarten children. While chatting with Japanese mothers, and preparing obentos for her young son, Allison established that designing of obentos was frequently viewed as a ingenious outlet, a technique to express themselves as well as their affection for the child. The tiny group she talked to generally express it as a rewarding component of motherhood. However the stakes are high, because making a sub-standard or simply utilitarian obento might stigmatize them as awful mothers. The excellence of a mother’s obento happened to be a symbol of the eminence of her mothering as well as her dedication to her child’s success in education.
Evidently, this serves to institutionalize a type of demanding mothering that is intricate to balance with other interests or work life. The women whom Allison spoke to in general could not sustain part-time jobs and accomplish the expectations placed on them. For those who were able, they often attempted to maintain secrecy to evade negative judgment especially from teacher of their child.
What is The Political Issue about Space in the Nationalist Rhetoric of the Hellenic Republic and the Republic of Macedonia? The Macedonian issue is an intricate political concern. Hypothetically speaking, this political incongruity is seen as an expression of Balkan patriotisms’ elevation of the conception of nationhood as the fundamental component for nation-building, as well as their associated subordination of citizenship. The hypothetical issue fundamental to this political disagreement concerns the handling and production of national narratives as a technique of developing the expected society of a nation. Sequentially, these national stories must be construed in the context of the contending Greek as well as Macedonian nationalisms. The majority of nationalism scholars judge this phenomenon as a product of the preceding 200-500 years, even though national narratives typically map out the history of a country back several hundreds of years. Given that the concern addressed is nationalism as a dogma that facilitates the development of a political movement, the growth of subjective national recognition is seen as the product of a diversity of social processes, political, ideological, and economic. The solidity of the conception of nation as well as national identity turns into problematical and the theoretical ground alters from issues concerning a people’s nationality to issues relating to the formation of a nation as a type that provides political and emotional identification for a particular population.
National identity in the Hellenic Republic as well as the Republic of Macedonia is seen as the product of incompatible claims that are created by relatively selective references to, as well as interpretations of, oral and written historical accounts, a process that founds collective beliefs in the authenticity of allegations over a territorial fatherland.
What are the Political Implications of Space for Indigenous People?
Indigenous people refer to the descendants of the initial population of a geographical area prior to immigration who have preserved a few or all of their organizational, cultural, and linguistic, characteristics. Additionally, self-identification is a basic criterion to establish who is to be considered as indigenous. This is the definition employed extensively by indigenous political factions, as well as by global agreements, bilateral and multilateral policy-makers.
Indigenous peoples globally remain structurally barred and ethnically marginalized as a result of neo-colonialism. Even in apparently progressive settler communities such as New Zealand and Canada, indigenous communities continue to endure punishing intensities of disempowerments and poverty whose sources, as well as solutions are foundational and systemic rather than incidental and attitudinal. Indigenous communities across the world’s political arena capitalize on indigeneity principles as well as indigenous politics as catalysts for engagement and empowerment. In a comparatively short timeframe, indigenous communities have managed to realize all or elements of the following: recover and express their voices; transform public and political attitudes; shed the mainly egregious extents of colonialism; secure global support in justification of their claims; enlist global law to verify violations; and suggest a specific schedule of indigenous communities rights. The emergence of indigenous communities as peoples with fundamental rights rather than as minorities with tribulations attests to this revolution, and also drives the politics of indigeneity to the precursor of policy-making deliberations.
Explain How Time Can be a Cosmology and what is a Cosmology. Cosmology may be defined as study of the universe in its whole. This includes the remote past as well as the future. It is essentially the study of the extensive nature of the cosmos. The fundamental themes concerning cosmology are; the contemporary nature of the universe, in the past, and how it might possibly be in the future. Cosmology in addition attempts to explore how the universe formed. Modern astronomy bears focus on the origin and termination of stars with extraterrestrial energies and matters. It also focuses on the infinity of space and time, creation, evolution, and the ultimate future of the universe. The modern astronomers sustain their supposition on physical theories such as quantum mechanics, astronomical observations, and elements of imagination and philosophy. Cosmologists in contrast, have shifted from attempting to explicate on the place of planet earth in the universe to elucidating on the origin, nature, and fate of the universe.
One theory hypothesizes that the universe had existed from time indefinite. The theory also suggests that the universe cannot transform in the course of time.
Rather than confront the fundamental principle, it would be appropriate reject the notion that the universe had a commencement at all. Since time came into being with the universe, the universe did not take place at a time, therefore in a sense, it has no start. However, science proposes that the universe encompasses a finite past, approximately 15 billion years. Anything that encompasses a finite past should have an origin of its existence. In regard to the universe, that origin cannot exist in time if at all time did not exist prior to the universe. However that does not mean that there was no origin, only that the origin should exist externally from time.
WORKS CITED
Naugle, J. First amongst Equals: Assortment of NASA Space Science trials. Washington D.C: NASA.
Strategies To Changing Attitude And Behaviors Of Nudies Yogurt’s Potential Market
Strategies To Changing Attitude And Behaviors Of Nudies Yogurt’s Potential Market.
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Executive Summary
The purchase of a product is based on the attitude of the consumer. Therefore, in the development of a product, strategies t change attitude of consumption is appropriate. Nudies yogurt is a non-dairy product developed in Australia and uses coconut milk in the production process. The company identifies a new market of non-consumers of milk products in Melbourne and uses strategies psychographic, benefit, geographic, and behavioral segmentation to determine the needs of the consumers. It applies the motivational theory function to convince the consumers on purchasing and consuming the product. The report suggests the use of affective strategy in the hierarchy of effect model to change the attitude of consumers.
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u 1.Introduction PAGEREF _Toc41801405 h 22.Identification and profile of a new target market for Nudies PAGEREF _Toc41801406 h 23.Profile of one potential Market Segments PAGEREF _Toc41801407 h 33.1.Psychographic Segmentation PAGEREF _Toc41801408 h 33.2.Behavioral Segmentation PAGEREF _Toc41801409 h 43.3.Geographical segmentation PAGEREF _Toc41801410 h 43.4.Benefit Segmentation PAGEREF _Toc41801411 h 44.Identification and description of a strategy to influence the attitudes of the identified market segment PAGEREF _Toc41801412 h 55.Recommendation around the use of the ‘four hierarchies of effect’ model PAGEREF _Toc41801413 h 6
Strategies To Changing Attitude And Behaviors Of Nudies Yogurt’s Potential Market.
IntroductionConsumer attitude is the predisposition that consumers have about a particular product based on their beliefs, feelings, and behavioral intentions. The position influences the purchasing power of a consumer as it impacts their liking to a product. The introduction of a product in the market requires a marketing strategy to convince the potential consumers t purchase and consume it. Therefore, a change in the attitude of consumers is essential to successful marketing and sales. Nudie is a deliciously creamy dairy-free product made from coconut milk and developed in 1995. Nudie has been processed and made without milk content hence appropriate and sufficient for consumers avoiding milk products. Many individuals at this time are moving away from a lot of protein products, which make Nudie an active yogurt for such a population to keep enjoying yogurt. With the coconut content in it, consumers are bound to get health benefits as it is essential for bone health and metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins (Boemeke et al., 2015). It is also rich in copper and iron, which benefit the red blood cells. The report will consider a new target market for Nudie and using market segmentation, identify and describe the strategies that can help in changing the attitudes of consumers.
Identification and profile of a new target market for NudiesMarket segmentation is a process of identifying segments in the market and dividing the customer base into sub-groups, for both existing and potential consumers (Camilleri, 2017). In the division of the sections, common needs and interests are considered for similar demographic structures. Nudie product covers a large demographic market due to its nutritious value. According to research conducted on the intake of proteins, it generates a large amount of acids in body fluid, which affects the body causing bone disorders (Delimaris, 2013). Many individuals are now shifting from consumption of milk products to alternative products with less content of protein or none at all. Nudie yogurt, being a coconut product, has avoided dairy products hence appropriate for consumers trying to avoid high protein content. The market segment will include individuals avoiding high protein content in the product due to health reasons or allergies from the consumption of milk. Coconut yogurt contains only one gram of protein, as compared to dairy yogurt with 10 grams protein.
The accurate identification of the segment helps marketers identify the preferences to provide product needs in the market. Nudie’s target segment is appropriate because the population does not consume milk products; hence consumption of yogurt is rare. The part is most likely to be the potential market for Nudie products due to its features that favors the needs and preference of the target market. Therefore, the coconut health benefits from coconut milk would be used to change the attitude of the potential consumers, towards yogurt products.
Profile of one potential Market SegmentsIn defining the profile of the target market segment, four variables will be considered. These include psychographic, benefit, behavioral, and geographic segmentation. The segmented market label will be the Non-Protein Special Group to describe the shared characteristic.
Psychographic SegmentationThe psychographic variable involves psychological tools such as the value and personality of the consumers in the target segment (Liu et al., 2019). The nature of consumers changes depending on their perceptions. It involves the attitude, values, opinions, and interests of the individuals in the segmentation. For the Nudies product, the segment perception consists of a dislike for milk products and a belief that proteins are harmful to their bodies. They are interested in non-dairy products hence making nudies a potential likable product in the segment.
Behavioral SegmentationBehavioral segmentation is based on the knowledge that attitude and responses to a product are the best starting point for building the market segments. The behavior of the target segment influences the consumption of Nudie products. The segment readiness to purchase, frequency of purchase and the benefits of the product to them determines the expected behavior they will have. Based on the product characteristics, the segment purchasing is frequent and are ready to consume the product due to the health benefit received.
Geographical segmentationProduct development is based in Australia; hence the target market segmentation will involve the Australian community. The segmentation includes the size of the area, population density, and region. The products target Melbourne, with a population of 6 million individuals. However, the consumers focused are 2 million consisting of those not interested in wit milk products. Melbourne enjoys a warm summer, which makes it appropriate for cold yogurt coconut drink.
Benefit SegmentationThe benefit sought is the division of the market based on the advantages that the consumer perceives to receive. Segmentation is done based on quality performance, customer service, or special features. Nudies yogurt provides health benefits of coconut milk, with low protein content and high nutritional value. It is produced locally; hence quality is ascertained. It is also available in all food stores and malls in Melbourne, making it readily available for consumer consumption.
Identification and description of a strategy to influence the attitudes of the identified market segmentAttitude related strategies aim at changing the views of individuals towards a product. The goal is to develop loyal, lifetime consumers, to enhance the profits of the company (Simpson & Licata, 2007). The strategy will involve consumer essential motivational function, which is based on four functions, utilitarian, ego-defensive, value expressive, and knowledge function (Alispahić, 2013). The utilitarian function is based on utility, where an individual who has consumed the product and has a positive perception about it, does the marketing. The second function, ego-defensive, involves having advertisements that offer reassurance to consumers’ self-concept. It is aimed at preserving the ego of consumers. The value expressive includes the best characteristics of the product in its advertising, based on the segment lifestyle and preferences (Morgenroth et al., 2015). Then lastly, the knowledge function provides every bit of information about the product, from the acquisition of raw material to processing of the product.
The company can apply the utilitarian approach, combined with value expressive, to change the attitudes of the consumers. People who have consumed the product easily convince new customers to try it out. Also, knowledge of the value to be received from the product attracts consumers to purchase more. The strategy will be appropriate after a small consumption group has been created in the region hence having a basis for the utilitarian function. The model is as shown below:
43338755048252066925504825206692550482531146752381257429501333500Word of Mouth
Social media
0Word of Mouth
Social media
44100751457325Advertisements
Advertisements
35337752018665Nutritional Value
Low protein
No dairy Product
Affordable Price
0Nutritional Value
Low protein
No dairy Product
Affordable Price
4276725114300023622002457450Consumer 3
00Consumer 3
11239502457450Consumer 2
00Consumer 2
1238252457450Consumer 1
00Consumer 1
28289252105025158115021050255715002105025571499210502519621501142999981075781050Utilitarian Function
0Utilitarian Function
3286125781050Value Expressive Function
00Value Expressive Function
2219325-171450Motivational Function
0Motivational Function
The consumer of the product talks to several people about their experience upon consumption and convinces them to purchase, and also consume. On the other hand, advertisements are used by the company to inform people about the benefits of the product to people, including t nutritional value the product provides.
Recommendation around the use of the ‘four hierarchies of effect’ modelThe four hierarchies of effect mode demonstrate how consumer transitions from being unaware of the product, getting knowledge and forming attitude, creating interests, and transforming to become a consumer. The model follows six steps, including awareness, knowledge, liking, preferences, conviction, and lastly, purchase of product (Sukma Wijaya, 2012). The classical model follows four steps, which include attention, interest, desire, and action. This model is appropriate for the company, as it aims to create awareness of the product using the value derived from it. From the advertisements and value communicated, the consumers’ attention Is obtained hence making it easier to convince them. The characteristics and features of products are described, basing on the benefits theory would receive. This makes consumers have an interest in the product. The potential consumers then develop the desire to consume, which turns them into consumers of the product after the action of making a purchase. The practical effect of the product on consumers, which consist of the liking and preferences can be applied to convince the segment to keep purchasing the product.
References
Alispahić, S. (2013). Motivational Function of Plans and Goals. Psychological Thought, 6(2), 196-203. https://doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v6i2.80
Boemeke, L., Marcadenti, A., Busnello, F., & Gottschall, C. (2015). Effects of Coconut Oil on Human Health. Open Journal Of Endocrine And Metabolic Diseases, 05(07), 84-87. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2015.57011
Camilleri, M. (2017). Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management, 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2_4
Delimaris, I. (2013). Adverse Effects Associated with Protein Intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Adults. ISRN Nutrition, 2013, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/126929
Liu, H., Huang, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, K., Hu, X., & Wang, W. (2019). Personality or Value: A Comparative Study of Psychographic Segmentation Based on an Online Review Enhanced Recommender System. Applied Sciences, 9(10), 1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9101992
Morgenroth, T., Ryan, M., & Peters, K. (2015). The Motivational Theory of Role Modeling: How Role Models Influence Role Aspirants’ Goals. Review Of General Psychology, 19(4), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000059
Simpson, P., & Licata, J. (2007). Consumer attitudes toward marketing strategies over the adult life span. Journal Of Marketing Management, 23(3-4), 305-326. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725707x196396Sukma Wijaya, B. (2012). The Development of Hierarchy of Effects Model in Advertising. International Research Journal Of Business Studies, 5(1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.5.1.73-85