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HIST 1301 Paper For Cause & Comrades Why Men Fought in the Civil War
HIST 1301 Paper: For Cause & Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War
Due Date: November 27, 2018
Identify the author’s thesis (this is the argument he is making about the soldiers’ motivations for fighting in the Civil War)
Read the book and take notes on how McPherson develops his thesis in each chapter.
Write an outline for your paper that includes these elements:
Introduction: give some background on the author, discuss his initial question that shaped the book and how he answers it with his thesis (important to clearly state the author’s thesis here)
Body: evaluate the thesis by analyzing the various points of the argument – you may address some or all of these questions to help your evaluation:
What evidence (facts) does the author provide in support of his thesis?
Is the argument logical? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the argument?
What kind of sources (primary or secondary) does the author use?
What methods does the author employ to analyze his sources?
Does the author define his terms?
Are the author’s interpretations convincing?
What are the author’s underlying assumptions? Are these assumptions valid?
How does the thesis compare to other studies of the same question? To other wars?
Conclusion: reflect on how this book impacted you personally – were you surprised by any of the data? How did the book shape your understanding of the Civil War?
Write the paper! – a good method is to quickly write the rough draft based on your outline and then go back and edit
Optional Draft: you may turn in a draft or outline of your paper by November 25th if you would like my assistance or feedback. The draft will not be graded.
Format: the paper must be at least four (4) full pages (but no more than 6 pages), double-spaced, 1 inch margins, Times New Roman or Calibri size 12 font. Use parenthetical citations with the page number for direct references or quotations from the book.
Place the book’s bibliographic information at the top of the page (title page is not necessary):
Author’s last name, author’s first name. Title of the book (including the sub-title). Place of publication: name of publisher, year of publication.
**Correct formatting is important and points will be deducted if format is not followed.
HIST 1301 Paper: For Cause & ComradesName ___________________________
Grading Rubric 20 pts. 15 pts. 10 pts.
Content Clear identification of the author’s thesis (argument) and analysis of the strength of the thesis; personal reflection on the book in the conclusion Vague sense of the thesis; more of a summary of the book No identification of thesis;
Evidence Discusses specific examples from the book that illustrate the argument; evaluates effectiveness of the evidence Few specific examples discussed; no evaluation of the evidence No specific examples from the text
Organization Uses a logical structure with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Clear transitions guide the reader from one idea to the next. Faulty transitions but each paragraph contains a clear idea. Rambling ideas with no clear structure or organization.
Writing Style Varied sentence structure, good use of vocabulary, transitions Some run-on sentences, ineffective use of vocabulary.Many run-on sentences or incomplete sentences. Poor vocabulary.
Mechanics Excellent spelling/grammar. Follows required formatting and length. Few spelling/grammar errors. Some errors in format/length. Many mechanical and formatting errors.
Grading Rubric 20 pts. 15 pts. 10 pts.
Content Clear identification of the author’s thesis (argument) and analysis of the strength of the thesis; personal reflection on the book in the conclusion Vague sense of the thesis; more of a summary of the book No identification of thesis;
Evidence Discusses specific examples from the book that illustrate the argument; evaluates effectiveness of the evidence Few specific examples discussed; no evaluation of the evidence No specific examples from the text
Organization Uses a logical structure with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Clear transitions guide the reader from one idea to the next. Faulty transitions but each paragraph contains a clear idea. Rambling ideas with no clear structure or organization.
Writing Style Varied sentence structure, good use of vocabulary. Some run-on sentences, ineffective use of vocabulary. Many run-on sentences or incomplete sentences. Poor vocabulary.
Mechanics Excellent spelling/grammar. Follows required formatting and length. Few spelling/grammar errors. Some errors in format/length. Many mechanical and formatting errors.
Energy Exchange Processes
Energy Exchange Processes
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930610” Identify all the energy exchange processes that influence the performance of the flat-plate solar collector. PAGEREF _Toc376930610 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930611” Suggest design procedures that would increase efficiency PAGEREF _Toc376930611 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930612” Transparent cover PAGEREF _Toc376930612 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930613” Absorber PAGEREF _Toc376930613 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930614” Insulation PAGEREF _Toc376930614 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930615” Casing PAGEREF _Toc376930615 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376930616” Work cited PAGEREF _Toc376930616 h 5
Identify all the energy exchange processes that influence the performance of the flat-plate solar collector.A typical flat plate solar collector is a box made of metal whose top side is covered with a glass or plastic cover usually called glazing and the bottom is covered by a dark-colored absorber plate. This device has its sides and the bottom side insulated to minimize heat loss. This devise is constructed so that it can be used to collect /tap solar power for use in another form ( Agbo, & Okoroigwe, 2007, 25-67).
As per Sun & Wind Energy, International Issue (2007) when solar radiation passes through the transparent glazing and impinges on the observer surface which is blackened, a large amount of this solar energy is absorbed into these plates and then converted into heat energy. This heat energy is transferred to the transportation medium (water) in the fluid tubes attached to the absorber plate for storage or use. The absorber plates are usually painted black or painted with selective coating which absorb and keep heat for along time. The sides of the casing and the underside of the absorber is well insulated to prevent heat loses through conduction this ensures that all the heat energy generated is well transferred to storage or use. The cover (glazing) is transparent so that it can reduce heat losses by convection from the absorber through the control of stagnant layer of air which is in between the plate and the glass.
The cover also reduces radiation losses from the collector since transparent glass allows short wave radiation from the sun to pass through but it nearly hinders or is opaque to the long-wave thermal radiation that is emitted by the absorber plate. The major energy exchanges that influence the performance of the flat plate collector is thermal energy exchanges. The main thermal losses which occur at the front of the collector are caused by convection. Between the cover and the absorber is circulating air which transports the absorbed heat to the glazing through convection (Sarkar & Obaidullah, 2006, 89-104). .
The glazing then conducts the heat to the surface of the cover which is again lost to the environment through convection because of the air that flows around the collector. Also the absorber radiated infra-red radiations to the glazing from where it is transferred or lost to the environment. Usually the selective absorber can emit infrared of up 5%. At the back side of the collector thermal loses also occur at the insulation (Duffie, 2004, 46-78). The conduction of heat at the back side of the collector depends on the materials used and can be reduced or be kept low by using thick thermal insulation. About only 1/7 of the total heat is lost at the rear side of a single glazed flat plate collector with a selective coated absorber (Sarkar & Obaidullah, 2006, 89-104).
From the above explanation it is evident that all the processes of heat transfer are involved in performance of the flat plate collector (Charles, 2002, 68-90). Energy from the sun/ sunlight is received at the surface of the collector by radiation. In summary, the cover of the collector is made in away that it allows solar radiation to pass through to the absorbers by radiation heat exchange/transfer process. In between the absorbers and the cover is air which transfers heat by convection back to the cover, thus, the cover must be designed to hinder this kind of thermal transfer which is a major source of heat loss from the collector. The absorber is made up of a good thermal/ heat absorber material like copper or aluminum (Charles, 2002, 68-90). The absorber converts the solar radiations into heat energy which is transferred by conduction to the flowing liquid in the pipes to take it away for use or storage. The above heat exchange processes define the way the flat plate collector performs its work. To improve its performance some of the main energy losses need to be reduced.
Suggest design procedures that would increase efficiencyFor any device efficiency is given priority so that the device can do the intended purpose efficiently. For the collector the major problem with its efficiency is energy losses which occur in different phases of its performance. For instance solar radiation is lost via reflection on the cover, and about 8% of it is lost. 2% energy is also lost by absorption by the glass cover, about 13 % is lost by convection after reaching at the absorber, 8% is also lost via reflection at the absorber, and about 6% is lost by backward radiation from the absorber. This allows only about 60% of the solar radiation received at the glass surface to be transferred as useful energy at the end. The fact is that those loses can be reduced significantly by having the correct designs of the materials used in the manufacturing of the collector (Charles, 2002, 68-90).
The following design suggestions can help in reducing the energy loses and improve the efficiency of the device.
Transparent coverFor the device to have high transmittance and high durability, it can be recommended that, covers of low iron, and tempered solar glass with anti-reflective coating be used. And incase two or three transparent covers are used then the y must be made of antireflective coated glass or Teflon. The aim of this design is to improve transmission and stability of temperature and reduce heat expansion.
AbsorberThe absorber sheet and the absorber pipes should be made of copper for high efficiency but also aluminum can be used though its efficiency cannot be compared with that of copper. Stainless steel may also be considered incase of corrosion purposes. The absorber sheet must be coated with a selective coating that will reduce thermal loses due to infra red radiations. Another important design is that of the absorber pipes. They should be designed such that they ensure high heat transfer and because of stagnation, the hydraulic absorber should be designed such that a fluid empting behavior is allowed under stagnation conditions when steam occurs (Agyenim, Hewitt, Eames, and Smyth, 615-628, 2010)..
InsulationThe sides and the back side should be made of thick insulators so that they reduce heat loss due to high temperatures. For best results polyurethane plates can be used in between the insulation material and the back panel of the collector (Wagner 2007, 168-175).
CasingA casing of the device should be made of aluminum, steel, wood or synthetic material to maintain stability and protect the absorber and insulation against the environmental effects.
Also to improve the efficiency of the flat panel collector air which is in-between the top glass and the absorber may be evacuated from its places so that ewe have evacuated collector. This will reduce heat loss by convection hence efficiency. Once air has been evacuated from the device the collector is now called evacuated collector (Rommel, Matthias, 2005, pg. 157-189).
Work citedAgbo, S. N and Okoroigwe, E. C. Analysis of thermal losses in the flat-plate collector of aThermosyphon Solar water Heater. Research Journal of Physics 1(1): 35-41. 2007. Print
Agyenim, F., Hewitt, N., Eames, P. and Smyth, M., HYPERLINK “http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/engineering/people/www.elsevier.com/locate/rser” A review of materials, heat transfer and phase change problem formulation for latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS).Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(2): 615-628. (2010).print
Charles E. Brown, “World Energy Resources”, Springer, USA, 2002. Print
J. A. Duffie, “Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes”, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2004. Print
M. A. R. Sarkar and M. Obaidullah, “Solar Thermal Applications”, Short Course on RenewableEnergy Technology, 17-20, BUET, Bangladesh December 2006. Print
Rommel, Matthias: Medium Temperature Collectors for Solar Process Heat up to 250°C. Estec2005. Print
Sun & Wind Energy, International Issue, 1, Bielefeld, Germany. 2007. Print
Wagner & Co Solartechnik GmbH, 2007. Print
Annotated Bibliography Policing and Society
Annotated Bibliography: Policing and Society
Student’s name
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
Haberman, C. P., Groff, E. R., Ratcliffe, J. H., & Sorg, E. T. (2016). Satisfaction With Police in Violent Crime Hot Spots: Using Community Surveys as a Guide for Selecting Hot Spots Policing Tactics. Crime & Delinquency, 62(4), 525–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128713516840The article discusses public satisfaction with police services. It includes research from various studies, and it is relevant to the topic. It was found that there are few things known about the public satisfaction with police services in violent crime hot spots. The article intended to provide a guide for selecting policing techniques to increase satisfaction with police services in violent crime hot spots. It would be helpful if students understood how they could benefit from this article through personal knowledge and academic success. This source proposes that improving public satisfaction requires the police department to work towards reducing fear of crime and addressing social disorder challenges. This source will add value to my research on policing and violent crimes since it describes the various ways of minimizing violent crimes. The credibility of the authors adds to the reliability of this source.
Braga, A. A., Brunson, R. K., & Drakulich, K. M. (2019). Race, place, and effective policing. Annual review of sociology, 45, 535-555.
This source talks about the relationship between the police and the public. It talks about the importance of public support in assisting the police fight with crimes. It describes the discriminatory police practices and their impacts on the police-public relationship. According to the article, these strategies are associated with aggressiveness and racial disparities. It also talks about the history of the police in the United States and their transformation to serve and protect. The article explains that race and place are associated with the effectiveness of the police. The author describes the situation of race and police-public relationship in America.
Interestingly, the use of community policing programs has increased lately due to these racial differences. The author’s main target is to find out whether there are factors that help to reduce these racial disparities. The authors propose that the police department should aim at engaging residents and ensuring that crime-control programs are not unfocused and indiscriminate. This source will also be significant in my research since it stipulates how the public and police relationship can be enhanced and work together to eliminate crime.
Collazos, D., García, E., Mejía, D., Ortega, D., & Tobón, S. (2021). Hot spots policing in a high-crime environment: An experimental evaluation in Medellin. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 17(3), 473-506.
This article aims to test the aggregate, spillover, and direct impacts of hot spots policing on crime in a high-crime environment. The study describes the significance of contests when designing and implementing hot spot policing. The authors found that most high-crime environments can be transformed into more stable and secure ones by hot spot policing. The evaluation results showed that the frequency of police calls, arrests, and offences decreased when hot spots policing was implemented. Furthermore, increased police presence improved the quality of life in the high-crime environment. The results also showed that new residents perceive police activity as one of the main contributors to the improvement witnessed in their environment since hot spots policing began. This source will assist me in describing the various ways of reducing crimes in society—hot spots policing reduced crime without compromising social order or quality of life.
Malone, M. F. T., & Dammert, L. (2021). The police and the public: Policing practices and public trust in Latin America. Policing and society, 31(4), 418-433.
This source notes that there have been serious efforts to reform the police in Latin America. Among the reforms introduced is community-oriented policing practices, which aim to initiate close relationships between the public and the police and prevent crimes. This source supports a research question being investigated in Latin America: How to increase the public’s trust in the police? The authors are M. F. T. Malone and L. Dammert, specializing in political science and history. The credibility of these authors ensures that the information provided in the article is reliable. The article’s abstract notes that the police have undergone massive reforms in Latin America, including community-oriented policing practices, which aim at creating a close relationship between the community and police officers to prevent crime. Therefore, the source will assist me in discussing the importance of promoting public and police relationship and their impacts when making reforms in the police department.